The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rebecca Katz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tracking the flow of funds in Global Health security
Ecohealth, 2019Co-Authors: Rebecca Katz, Ellie Graeden, Justin M Kerr, Stephanie EaneffAbstract:Countries, philanthropies, and private sector organizations have been actively investing in Global Health security around the world. However, despite the coordinated approach to funding within the Global Health Security Agenda, there is currently no well-established method to track the commitment and disbursal of funds for Global Health security from funders to recipients or to identify the activities supported by existing funding initiatives. To address this need, we developed the Global Health Security Tracking Dashboard. This interactive, publicly available, Web-based dashboard maps the flow of funds from funder to recipient and categorizes the target efforts of those funds, allowing users to identify patterns of influence and success in Health security funding implementation. The dashboard provides an evidence-based approach for defining targets for future funding by identifying the areas in which funds have not yet been effectively allocated, showcasing successes, and providing a source of information to promote mutual accountability.
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the Global Health law trilogy towards a safer Healthier and fairer world
The Lancet, 2017Co-Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Mary C Debartolo, Rebecca KatzAbstract:Summary Global Health advocates often turn to medicine and science for solutions to enduring Health risks, but law is also a powerful tool. No state acting alone can ward off Health threats that span borders, requiring international solutions. A trilogy of Global Health law—the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, International Health Regulations (2005), and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework—strives for a safer, Healthier, and fairer world. Yet, these international agreements are not well understood, and contain gaps in scope and enforceability. Moreover, major Health concerns remain largely unregulated at the international level, such as non-communicable diseases, mental Health, and injuries. Here, we offer reforms for this Global Health law trilogy.
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the Global Health law trilogy towards a safer Healthier and fairer world
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Mary C Debartolo, Rebecca KatzAbstract:Global Health advocates often turn to medicine and science for solutions to enduring Health risks, but law is also a powerful tool. No state acting alone can ward off Health threats that span borders, requiring international solutions. A trilogy of Global Health law — the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, International Health Regulations (2005), and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework — strives for a safer, Healthier, and fairer world. This article critically reviews this Global Health law trilogy. These international agreements are not well understood, and contain gaps in scope and enforceability. Moreover, major Health concerns remain largely unregulated at the international level, such as non-communicable diseases, mental Health, and injuries. The article promotes the lessons learned from 21st century international Health law, which are that broad scope, robust compliance, inclusion of public and private actors, and sustainable financing are essential to success. It further explores the notion that in an age of nationalistic populism, collective action remains vital to ameliorate Globalized Health threats, helping realize the right to Health. Reforms to the “trilogy” of Global Health laws are necessary to assure success and provide a critical roadmap for the World Health Organization’s next Director-General. The article concludes by calling on the new WHO D-G to take additional action toward a safer, Healthier and fairer world by pushing for novel Global Health laws on major Health hazards, including noncommunicable diseases, mental Health and injuries, and new initiatives such as universal Health care.
Jessica Evert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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host community perspectives on trainees participating in short term experiences in Global Health
Medical Education, 2016Co-Authors: Tiffany H Kung, Jessica Evert, Eugene T Richardson, Tarub S Mabud, Catherine A Heaney, Evaleen JonesAbstract:Context High-income country (HIC) trainees are undertaking Global Health experiences in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) host communities in increasing numbers. Although the benefits for HIC trainees are well described, the benefits and drawbacks for LMIC host communities are not well captured. Objectives This study evaluated the perspectives of supervising physicians and local programme coordinators from LMIC host communities who engaged with HIC trainees in the context of the latter's short-term experiences in Global Health. Methods Thirty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with LMIC host community collaborators with a US-based, non-profit Global Health education organisation. Interviews took place in La Paz, Bolivia and New Delhi, India. Interview transcripts were assessed for recurrent themes using thematic analysis. Results Benefits for hosts included improvements in job satisfaction, local prestige, Global connectedness, local networks, leadership skills, resources and sense of efficacy within their communities. Host collaborators called for improvements in HIC trainee attitudes and behaviours, and asked that trainees not make promises they would not fulfil. Findings also provided evidence of a desire for parity between the opportunities afforded to US-based staff and those available to LMIC-based partners. Conclusions This study provides important insights into the perspectives of LMIC host community members in the context of short-term experiences in Global Health for HIC trainees. We hope to inform the behaviour of HIC trainees and institutions with regard to international partnerships and Global Health activities.
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identifying interprofessional Global Health competencies for 21st century Health professionals
Annals of global health, 2015Co-Authors: Kristen Jogerst, Jessica Evert, Thomas L. Hall, Brian Callender, Virginia Adams, Elise Fields, Jody Olsen, Virginia Rowthorn, Sharon Rudy, Jiabin ShenAbstract:BACKGROUND At the 2008 inaugural meeting of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH), participantsdiscussed therapid expansionofGlobalHealthprograms and thelack of standardizedcompetencies andcurriculatoguidetheseprograms.In2013,CUGHappointedaGlobalHealthCompetencySubcommitteeand chargedthissubcommitteewithidentifyingbroadGlobalHealthcorecompetenciesapplicableacrossdisciplines. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to describe the Subcommittee’s work and proposed list of interprofessional Global Health competencies. METHODS After agreeing on a definition of Global Health to guide the Subcommittee’s work, members conducted an extensive literature review to identify existing competencies in all fields relevant to Global Health. Subcommittee members initially identified 82 competencies in 12 separate domains, and proposed fourdifferentcompetencylevels.Theproposedcompetenciesanddomainswerediscussedduringmultiple conference calls, and subcommittee members voted to determine the final competencies to be included in twoofthefourproposedcompetencylevels(Globalcitizenandbasicoperationalleveleprogramoriented). FINDINGS The final proposed list included a total of 13 competencies across 8 domains for the Global Citizen Level and 39 competencies across 11 domains for the Basic Operational Program-Oriented Level. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for continued debate and dialog to validate the proposed set of competencies, and a need for further research to identify best strategies for incorporating these competencies into Global Health educational programs. Future research should focus on implementation and evaluation of these competencies across a range of educational programs, and further delineating the competencies needed across all four proposed competency levels. KEY W ORDS Global Health, Global Health education, competencies, interprofessional education
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Career opportunities in Global Health: A snapshot of the current employment landscape.
Journal of global health, 2015Co-Authors: Quentin Eichbaum, Adam Hoverman, William Cherniak, Jessica Evert, Elahe Nezami, Thomas L. HallAbstract:Recent decades have witnessed a burgeoning interest in improving Health and Health systems in low and middle–income countries (LMIC). With the increase in program funding came parallel increases in the number of university programs in the US and Europe offering concentrations or degrees in a Global Health field [1–6]. The changes have been brisk and substantial [5–8], and beg the question: What do we know about the Global Health job market? While a few studies have provided limited insights into the employment landscape, the last comprehensive attempt to answer this question was by Baker 30 years ago [9]. Key questions (as yet largely unanswered) about the current Global Health job market include: How satisfactory is the numerical balance between job aspirants and job openings? Are the trend lines of aspirants and openings similar or divergent? Are we at risk of having too many job seekers or too few? How good is the qualitative match between employer needs and training program outputs? Which competencies are in short supply [10–12]? What are the contributions, and liabilities, of short–term trainee and volunteer participation in the workforce? How do their contributions fit into the larger picture of the Global Health workforce [5,10–12]? Answering these questions will take substantial effort through carefully structured investigations to provide reliable answers. In this article, we present a limited pilot study through a targeted web–based job posting review that does not attempt to answer all these questions but sheds some light on the current landscape of employment opportunities in program management, clinical, and public Health–related aspects of Global Health in international settings. The investigative team consisted of five physicians, one with a doctorate in psychology, and another with a doctoral degree in Public Health. The team convened in March 2013. Review of online job postings occurred between November 2013 and January 2014. Websites with employment opportunities in Global Health were identified using the Google search engine. The terms, “Global Health Work,” “Global Health Jobs,” “Global Health Job Opportunities,” “Global Health Workforce,” “Global Health Hiring” were searched in August 2013. These searches returned a large number of results with potential sources of job information. From this sizeable response, for feasibility and efficiency’s sake, an initial cohort of 14 websites were selected, limited to English language websites primarily affiliated with organizations in North America, and (if the site permitted access) to a regularly available and rotating list of job postings. A similar consideration in prioritizing this initial pilot list was the Google “PageRank” of each site. Page Rank is an objective measure of a citation’s importance that corresponds with users subjective idea of importance [13]. Over the course of the entire survey, 12 further sites were selected to accrue additional postings by applying the same inclusion criteria. The need for additional sites addressed cyclical pauses in available job postings on several sites. Global Health workforce employment opportunities were described as positions that focus on Health–related efforts in low– and middle–income countries (LMIC). The investigative team developed a standardized selection and coding tool using a shared online document matrix. The tool allowed for easy categorization of a number of factors related to the job in question. 26 websites in total were selected for inclusion. Each investigator was assigned one high traffic website with frequent job postings and another with lower traffic and fewer postings. The six investigators then each reviewed a subset of the websites during two 6–week sampling periods. Each investigator retrieved a minimum of 10 job postings during each sampling period. The results were then tabulated and underwent basic statistical analysis. In this limited, but wide–reaching review of online job postings that included 178 employment opportunities from 26 websites, key findings included: 67% (119/178) of the positions were in non–governmental organizations (NGOs) in both developed countries and LMICs. When combined with multinational organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, the two employer types accounted for 89% (158/178) of the total (Figure 1, plate A). Figure 1 Depiction of survey results of career opportunities in Global Health. A) Breakdown of types of Global Health employers. B) The primary disciplines sought by employers. C) Highest academic achievement required or desired by employers. D) A sub–categorization ... 14% (25/178) of the positions involved clinical disciplines primarily medicine. (Figure 1, plate B). 50% (89/178) of job posts included the request for applicants to have the kind of knowledge and skills normally acquired in schools of public Health offering courses relevant to Global Health.(Figure 1, plate B) 51% (91/178) of the listed opportunities required at least a Master’s degree level of qualification or doctoral degree (23%, 41/178) (Figure 1, plate C). Photo: Courtesy of Trisha Pasricha, personal collection (from the documentary “A Doctor of My Own”, directed by T. Pasricha) 84% (149/178) of the positions were program–related. Program–related jobs included planning, program direction, finance, management and other supportive functions (not depicted but subcategorized in Figure 1, plate D). The majority of program–related jobs were identified to be at the senior program management and direction level (58% (87/149) (Figure 1, plate D). Second most common were supportive program functions (28% 41/149) followed by other support activities (9% 13/149) and program financing (5% 8/149) (Figure 1, plate D). Salary information, which could provide a basis for assessing the strength of demand and for calculating a rate of return on a Global Health job, was provided in only 18% (32/178) of the job offerings. Of those listed, most (56%, 18/32) were in the US$ 61 000 – 90 000 range (Figure 2). Figure 2 Distribution of Global Health jobs based on salary range. The size, characteristics and trends of the Global Health workforce and jobs available are largely unknown. Our pilot study of internet–based job postings provides a initial snapshot of one view of Global Health employment opportunities in international settings. Aside from highlighting the many as yet unanswered questions regarding the Global Health workforce, the study itself has limitations with respect to its specific focus on the job market. These include: small sample size, use of only English language job postings accessible on the internet, the scant salary and benefit information available, and the generally limited scope of positions in LMICs. The salary ranges available may be on the lower end as higher salary jobs may conceivably not be publicized. We did not attempt detailed analysis of the many discrete skills sought by employers, nor did we make follow up phone calls to employers to learn whether they readily filled the advertised positions and with the requisite qualifications. Despite these limitations our findings have implications for the curricula of Global Health educational programs and to graduates seeking employment and career opportunities. For instance, our investigation draws attention to the importance of public Health training and to program management skills. Global Health programs should seek to include training in public Health with an emphasis on leadership, planning, management, financial, communication, evaluation and related programmatic skills. Given that 74% of the jobs we surveyed required a Master’s degree or higher, the importance of advanced academic credentials is evident. This high level academic qualification has clear implications for students and trainees seeking a career in Global Health as they will be required to spend more time and tuition in academia before entering the job market. Given the ongoing increases in tuition costs for many undergraduate and advanced degrees, the average salaries offered may appear inadequate for those needing to repay student loans. Our study suggests the importance of probing more deeply into the dynamics of the Global Health workforce, including how this workforce is trained and educated as well as the employment opportunities available following the completion of training. Pending an updated investigation along the lines of the Baker 1982 study, several interim studies might be considered: (1) studies to gain a better understanding of the content and the characteristics of Global Health (and related) training programs; (2) studies to understand the match between employer needs and applicant qualifications; (3) analyses of the likely trends and stability of the Global Health job market; (4) surveys of the Global South host countries to determine if training among visitors from the Global North adequately meets their needs; (5) analyses of the intersections between domestic and international employment opportunities, training and career paths. We welcome exchanging views with others interested in learning more about the Global Health workforce.
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Global Health educational engagement a tale of two models
Academic Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Jasmine Rassiwala, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Mania Kupershtok, Frank M Castillo, Jessica EvertAbstract:Global Health learning experiences for medical students sit at the intersection of capacity building, ethics, and education. As interest in Global Health programs during medical school continues to rise, Northwestern University Alliance for International Development, a student-led and -run organization at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, has provided students with the opportunity to engage in two contrasting models of Global Health educational engagement.
Lawrence O Gostin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the world Health organization in Global Health law
2021Co-Authors: Benjamin Mason Meier, Allyn L Taylor, Mark Ecclestonturner, Roojin Habibi, Sharifah Sekalala, Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) has sought to bring the world together to respond to a shared threat. This column seeks to examine the central importance of WHO in developing and implementing Global Health law. Recognizing that Global Health law requires Global governance, the column begins by situating WHO’s role at the forefront of Global Health governance. WHO’s leadership in Global governance for Health is supported by an expansive mandate to serve as a forum for the codification of international law, which WHO has exercised sporadically through the evolving development of the International Health Regulations (IHR). Yet, where the IHR have proven incommensurate to the COVID-19 challenge, WHO now finds itself at a crossroads, with this column considering a range of reforms that may be proposed in the years to come.
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the Global Health law trilogy towards a safer Healthier and fairer world
The Lancet, 2017Co-Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Mary C Debartolo, Rebecca KatzAbstract:Summary Global Health advocates often turn to medicine and science for solutions to enduring Health risks, but law is also a powerful tool. No state acting alone can ward off Health threats that span borders, requiring international solutions. A trilogy of Global Health law—the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, International Health Regulations (2005), and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework—strives for a safer, Healthier, and fairer world. Yet, these international agreements are not well understood, and contain gaps in scope and enforceability. Moreover, major Health concerns remain largely unregulated at the international level, such as non-communicable diseases, mental Health, and injuries. Here, we offer reforms for this Global Health law trilogy.
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the Global Health law trilogy towards a safer Healthier and fairer world
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Mary C Debartolo, Rebecca KatzAbstract:Global Health advocates often turn to medicine and science for solutions to enduring Health risks, but law is also a powerful tool. No state acting alone can ward off Health threats that span borders, requiring international solutions. A trilogy of Global Health law — the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, International Health Regulations (2005), and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework — strives for a safer, Healthier, and fairer world. This article critically reviews this Global Health law trilogy. These international agreements are not well understood, and contain gaps in scope and enforceability. Moreover, major Health concerns remain largely unregulated at the international level, such as non-communicable diseases, mental Health, and injuries. The article promotes the lessons learned from 21st century international Health law, which are that broad scope, robust compliance, inclusion of public and private actors, and sustainable financing are essential to success. It further explores the notion that in an age of nationalistic populism, collective action remains vital to ameliorate Globalized Health threats, helping realize the right to Health. Reforms to the “trilogy” of Global Health laws are necessary to assure success and provide a critical roadmap for the World Health Organization’s next Director-General. The article concludes by calling on the new WHO D-G to take additional action toward a safer, Healthier and fairer world by pushing for novel Global Health laws on major Health hazards, including noncommunicable diseases, mental Health and injuries, and new initiatives such as universal Health care.
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imagining Global Health with justice in defense of the right to Health
Health Care Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Eric A Friedman, Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The singular message in Global Health Law is that we must strive to achieve Global Health with justice—improved population Health, with a fairer dis- tribution of benefits of good Health. Global Health entails ensuring the conditions of good Health—public Health, universal Health coverage, and the social determinants of Health—while justice requires closing today's vast domestic and Global Health inequities. These conditions for good Health should be incorporated into public policy, supplemented by specific actions to overcome barriers to equity. A new Global Health treaty grounded in the right to Health and aimed at Health equity—a Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH)—stands out for its possibilities in helping to achieve Global Health with justice. This far-reaching legal instrument would establish minimum standards for universal Health coverage and public Health measures, with an accompanying national and international financing framework, require a constant focus on Health equity, promote Health in All Policies and Global governance for Health, and advance the principles of good governance, including accountability. While achieving an FCGH is certainly ambitious, it is a struggle worth the efforts of us all. The treaty's basis in the right to Health, which has been agreed to by all govern- ments, has powerful potential to form the foundation of Global governance for Health. From interpretations of UN treaty bodies to judgments of national courts, the right to Health is now sufficiently articulated to serve this role, with the individual's right to Health best understood as a function of a social, political, and economic environment aimed at equity. However great the political challenge of securing state agreement to the FCGH, it is possible. States have joined other treaties with significant resource
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Global Health law
2014Co-Authors: Lawrence O GostinAbstract:The international community has made great progress in improving Global Health. But staggering Health inequalities between rich and poor still remain, raising fundamental questions of social justice. In a book that systematically defines the burgeoning field of Global Health law, Lawrence Gostin drives home the need for effective Global governance for Health and offers a blueprint for reform, based on the principle that the opportunity to live a Healthy life is a basic human right.Gostin shows how critical it is for institutions and international agreements to focus not only on illness but also on the essential conditions that enable people to stay Healthy throughout their lifespan: nutrition, clean water, mosquito control, and tobacco reduction. Policies that shape agriculture, trade, and the environment have long-term impacts on Health, and Gostin proposes major reforms of Global Health institutions and governments to ensure better coordination, more transparency, and accountability. He illustrates the power of Global Health law with case studies on AIDS, influenza, tobacco, and Health worker migration.Today's pressing Health needs worldwide are a problem not only for the medical profession but also for all concerned citizens. Designed with the beginning student, advanced researcher, and informed public in mind, "Global Health Law" will be a foundational resource for teaching, advocacy, and public discourse in Global Health.
Michelle Gagnon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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framing Health and foreign policy lessons for Global Health diplomacy
Globalization and Health, 2010Co-Authors: Ronald Labonte, Michelle GagnonAbstract:Global Health financing has increased dramatically in recent years, indicative of a rise in Health as a foreign policy issue. Several governments have issued specific foreign policy statements on Global Health and a new term, Global Health diplomacy, has been coined to describe the processes by which state and non-state actors engage to position Health issues more prominently in foreign policy decision-making. Their ability to do so is important to advancing international cooperation in Health. In this paper we review the arguments for Health in foreign policy that inform Global Health diplomacy. These are organized into six policy frames: security, development, Global public goods, trade, human rights and ethical/moral reasoning. Each of these frames has implications for how Global Health as a foreign policy issue is conceptualized. Differing arguments within and between these policy frames, while overlapping, can also be contradictory. This raises an important question about which arguments prevail in actual state decision-making. This question is addressed through an analysis of policy or policy-related documents and academic literature pertinent to each policy framing with some assessment of policy practice. The reference point for this analysis is the explicit goal of improving Global Health equity. This goal has increasing national traction within national public Health discourse and decision-making and, through the Millennium Development Goals and other multilateral reports and declarations, is entering Global Health policy discussion. Initial findings support conventional international relations theory that most states, even when committed to Health as a foreign policy goal, still make decisions primarily on the basis of the 'high politics' of national security and economic material interests. Development, human rights and ethical/moral arguments for Global Health assistance, the traditional 'low politics' of foreign policy, are present in discourse but do not appear to dominate practice. While political momentum for Health as a foreign policy goal persists, the framing of this goal remains a contested issue. The analysis offered in this article may prove helpful to those engaged in Global Health diplomacy or in efforts to have Global governance across a range of sectoral interests pay more attention to Health equity impacts.
Pierce Gardner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global Health training and international clinical rotations during residency current status needs and opportunities
Academic Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Paul K Drain, Thomas L. Hall, King K Holmes, Kelley M Skeff, Pierce GardnerAbstract:Increasing international travel and migration have contributed to Globalization of diseases. Physicians today must understand the Global burden and epidemiology of diseases, the disparities and inequities in Global Health systems, and the importance of cross-cultural sensitivity. To meet these needs, resident physicians across all specialties have expressed growing interest in Global Health training and international clinical rotations. More residents are acquiring international experience, despite inadequate guidance and support from most accreditation organizations and residency programs. Surveys of Global Health training, including international clinical rotations, highlight the benefits of Global Health training as well as the need for a more coordinated approach. In particular, international rotations broaden a resident's medical knowledge, reinforce physical examination skills, and encourage practicing medicine among underserved and multicultural populations. As residents recognize these personal and professional benefits, a strong majority of them seek to gain international clinical experience. In conclusion, with feasible and appropriate administrative steps, all residents can receive Global Health training and be afforded the accreditation and programmatic support to participate in safe international rotations. The next steps should address accreditation for international rotations and allowance for training away from continuity clinics by residency accreditation bodies, and stipend and travel support for six or more weeks of call-free elective time from residency programs.
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Global Health in medical education a call for more training and opportunities
Academic Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Paul K Drain, Aron Primack, Dan D Hunt, Wafaie W Fawzi, King K Holmes, Pierce GardnerAbstract:Worldwide increases in Global migration and trade have been making communicable diseases a concern throughout the world and have highlighted the connections in Health and medicine among and between continents. Physicians in developed countries are now expected to have a broader knowledge of tropical disease and newly emerging infections, while being culturally sensitive to the increasing number of international travelers and ethnic minority populations. Exposing medical students to these Global Health issues encourages students to enter primary care medicine, obtain public Health degrees, and practice medicine among the poor and ethnic minorities. In addition, medical students who have completed an international clinical rotation often report a greater ability to recognize disease presentations, more comprehensive physical exam skills with less reliance on expensive imaging, and greater cultural sensitivity. American medical students have become increasingly more interested and active in Global Health, but medical schools have been slow to respond. The authors review the evidence supporting the benefits of promoting more Global Health teaching and opportunities among medical students. Finally, the authors suggest several steps that medical schools can take to meet the growing Global Health interest of medical students, which will make them better physicians and strengthen our medical system.
