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Elizabeth H Jeffery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Methyl Jasmonate and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment Effects on Quinone Reductase Inducing Activity and Post-Harvest Quality of Broccoli
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jeong Hee Choi, Mosbah M. Kushad, Elizabeth H Jeffery, Hyoung Seok Kim, John A
    Abstract:

    Effect of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and post-harvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments on broccoli floret glucosinolate (GS) concentrations and quinone reductase (QR, an in vitro anti-cancer biomarker) inducing activity were evaluated two days prior to harvest, at harvest and at 10, 20, and 30 days of post-harvest storage at 4 °C. MeJA treatments four days prior to harvest of broccoli heads was observed to significantly increase floret ethylene biosynthesis resulting in chlorophyll catabolism during post-harvest storage and reduced product quality. Post-harvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which competitively binds to protein ethylene receptors, maintained post-harvest floret chlorophyll concentrations and product visual quality in both control and MeJA-treated broccoli. Transcript abundance of BoPPH, a gene which is responsible for the synthesis of pheophytinase, the primary enzyme associated with chlorophyll catabolism in broccoli, was reduced by 1-MCP treatment and showed a significant, negative correlation with floret chlorophyll concentrations. The GS, Glucobrassicin, neoGlucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin were significantly increased by MeJA treatments. The products of some of the GS from endogenous myrosinase hydrolysis [sulforaphane (SF), neoascorbigen (NeoASG), N-methoxyindole-3-carbinol (NI3C), and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)] were also quantified and found to be significantly correlated with QR. Sulforaphane, the isothiocyanate hydrolysis product of the GS glucoraphanin, wa

  • enhancement of broccoli indole glucosinolates by methyl jasmonate treatment and effects on prostate carcinogenesis
    Journal of Medicinal Food, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ann G Liu, Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik, Lisa D Bermanbooty, Steven K Clinton, John W Erdman
    Abstract:

    Broccoli is rich in bioactive components, such as sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which may impact cancer risk. The glucosinolate profile of broccoli can be manipulated through treatment with the plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Our objective was to produce broccoli with enhanced levels of indole glucosinolates and determine its impact on prostate carcinogenesis. Brassica oleracea var. Green Magic was treated with a 250 μM MeJA solution 4 days prior to harvest. MeJA-treated broccoli had significantly increased levels of Glucobrassicin, neoGlucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin (P < .05). Male transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice (n = 99) were randomized into three diet groups at 5-7 weeks of age: AIN-93G control, 10% standard broccoli powder, or 10% MeJA broccoli powder. Diets were fed throughout the study until termination at 20 weeks of age. Hepatic CYP1A was induced with MeJA broccoli powder feeding, indicating biological activity of the indole glucosinolates. Following ∼ 15 weeks on diets, neither of the broccoli treatments significantly altered genitourinary tract weight, pathologic score, or metastasis incidence, indicating that broccoli powder at 10% of the diet was ineffective at reducing prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model. Whereas broccoli powder feeding had no effect in this model of prostate cancer, our work demonstrates the feasibility of employing plant stress hormones exogenously to stimulate changes in phytochemical profiles, an approach that may be useful for optimizing bioactive component patterns in foods for chronic-disease-prevention studies.

  • exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment increases glucosinolate biosynthesis and quinone reductase activity in kale leaf tissue
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik
    Abstract:

    Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) spray treatments were applied to the kale varieties ‘Dwarf Blue Curled Vates’ and ‘Red Winter’ in replicated field plantings in 2010 and 2011 to investigate alteration of glucosinolate (GS) composition in harvested leaf tissue. Aqueous solutions of 250 µM MeJA were sprayed to saturation on aerial plant tissues four days prior to harvest at commercial maturity. The MeJA treatment significantly increased gluconasturtiin (56%), Glucobrassicin (98%), and neoGlucobrassicin (150%) concentrations in the apical leaf tissue of these genotypes over two seasons. Induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity, a biomarker for anti-carcinogenesis, was significantly increased by the extracts from the leaf tissue of these two cultivars. Extracts of apical leaf tissues had greater MeJA mediated increases in phenolics, glucosinolate concentrations, GS hydrolysis products, and QR activity than extracts from basal leaf tissue samples. The concentration of the hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin, sulforphane was significantly increased in apical leaf tissue of the cultivar ‘Red Winter’ in both 2010 and 2011. There was interaction between exogenous MeJA treatment and environmental conditions to induce endogenous JA. Correlation analysis revealed that indole-3-carbanol (I3C) generated from the hydrolysis of Glucobrassicin significantly correlated with QR activity (r = 0.800, P<0.001). Concentrations required to double the specific QR activity (CD values) of I3C was calculated at 230 µM, which is considerably weaker at induction than other isothiocyanates like sulforphane. To confirm relationships between GS hydrolysis products and QR activity, a range of concentrations of MeJA sprays were applied to kale leaf tissues of both cultivars in 2011. Correlation analysis of these results indicated that sulforaphane, NI3C, neoascorbigen, I3C, and diindolylmethane were all significantly correlated with QR activity. Thus, increased QR activity may be due to combined increases in phenolics (quercetin and kaempferol) and GS hydrolysis product concentrations rather than by individual products alone.

  • pre harvest methyl jasmonate treatment enhances cauliflower chemoprotective attributes without a loss in postharvest quality
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeong Hee Choi, Mosbah M. Kushad, Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik
    Abstract:

    Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment can significantly increase glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in Brassica vegetables and potentially enhance anticancer bioactivity. Although MeJA treatment may promote ethylene biosynthesis, which can be detrimental to postharvest quality, there are no previous reports of its effect on cauliflower postharvest quality. To address this, cauliflower curds in field plots were sprayed with either 0.1 % Triton X-100 (control) or 500 μM MeJA solutions four days prior to harvest, then stored at 4 °C. Tissue subsamples were collected after 0, 10, 20, and 30 days of postharvest storage and assayed for visual color change, ethylene production, GS concentrations, and extract quinone reductase inductive activity. MeJA treatment increased curd GS concentrations of glucoraphanin, Glucobrassicin, and neoGlucobrassicin by 1.5, 2.4, and 4.6-fold over controls, respectively. MeJA treated cauliflower showed significantly higher quinone reductase activity, a biomarker for anticancer bioactivity, without reducing visual color and postharvest quality for 10 days at 4 °C storage.

  • physiological effects of broccoli consumption
    Phytochemistry Reviews, 2009
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth H Jeffery, Marcela Araya
    Abstract:

    Epidemiological studies suggest that broccoli can decrease risk for cancer. Broccoli contains many bioactives, including vitamins C and E, quercetin and kaempferol glycosides and, like other members of the Brassicaceae, several glucosinolates, including Glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate) and glucoraphanin (4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate). A key bioactive component responsible for much of this activity may be sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanato-4-methylsulfinylbutane), a hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin. Sulforaphane not only upregulates a number of phase II detoxification enzymes involved in clearance of chemical carcinogens and reactive oxygen species, but has anti-tumorigenic properties, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. The bioequivalency of sulforaphane and whole broccoli have not been fully evaluated, leaving it unclear whether whole broccoli provides a similar effect to purified sulforaphane, or whether the presence of other components in broccoli, such as indole-3-carbinol from Glucobrassicin, is an added health benefit. Dietary indole-3-carbinol is known to alter estrogen metabolism, to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells and, in animals, to decrease risk for breast cancer. Recent research suggests that both dietary broccoli and the individual components sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol may offer protection from a far broader array of diseases than cancer, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common link between these oxidative degenerative diseases and cancer may be aggravation by inflammation. A small body of literature is forming suggesting that both indole-3-carbinol and sulforaphane may protect against inflammation, inhibiting cytokine production. It remains to be seen whether cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia and other diseases of aging can all benefit from a diet rich in broccoli and other crucifers.

John A Juvik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enhancement of broccoli indole glucosinolates by methyl jasmonate treatment and effects on prostate carcinogenesis
    Journal of Medicinal Food, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ann G Liu, Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik, Lisa D Bermanbooty, Steven K Clinton, John W Erdman
    Abstract:

    Broccoli is rich in bioactive components, such as sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which may impact cancer risk. The glucosinolate profile of broccoli can be manipulated through treatment with the plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Our objective was to produce broccoli with enhanced levels of indole glucosinolates and determine its impact on prostate carcinogenesis. Brassica oleracea var. Green Magic was treated with a 250 μM MeJA solution 4 days prior to harvest. MeJA-treated broccoli had significantly increased levels of Glucobrassicin, neoGlucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin (P < .05). Male transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice (n = 99) were randomized into three diet groups at 5-7 weeks of age: AIN-93G control, 10% standard broccoli powder, or 10% MeJA broccoli powder. Diets were fed throughout the study until termination at 20 weeks of age. Hepatic CYP1A was induced with MeJA broccoli powder feeding, indicating biological activity of the indole glucosinolates. Following ∼ 15 weeks on diets, neither of the broccoli treatments significantly altered genitourinary tract weight, pathologic score, or metastasis incidence, indicating that broccoli powder at 10% of the diet was ineffective at reducing prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model. Whereas broccoli powder feeding had no effect in this model of prostate cancer, our work demonstrates the feasibility of employing plant stress hormones exogenously to stimulate changes in phytochemical profiles, an approach that may be useful for optimizing bioactive component patterns in foods for chronic-disease-prevention studies.

  • exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment increases glucosinolate biosynthesis and quinone reductase activity in kale leaf tissue
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik
    Abstract:

    Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) spray treatments were applied to the kale varieties ‘Dwarf Blue Curled Vates’ and ‘Red Winter’ in replicated field plantings in 2010 and 2011 to investigate alteration of glucosinolate (GS) composition in harvested leaf tissue. Aqueous solutions of 250 µM MeJA were sprayed to saturation on aerial plant tissues four days prior to harvest at commercial maturity. The MeJA treatment significantly increased gluconasturtiin (56%), Glucobrassicin (98%), and neoGlucobrassicin (150%) concentrations in the apical leaf tissue of these genotypes over two seasons. Induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity, a biomarker for anti-carcinogenesis, was significantly increased by the extracts from the leaf tissue of these two cultivars. Extracts of apical leaf tissues had greater MeJA mediated increases in phenolics, glucosinolate concentrations, GS hydrolysis products, and QR activity than extracts from basal leaf tissue samples. The concentration of the hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin, sulforphane was significantly increased in apical leaf tissue of the cultivar ‘Red Winter’ in both 2010 and 2011. There was interaction between exogenous MeJA treatment and environmental conditions to induce endogenous JA. Correlation analysis revealed that indole-3-carbanol (I3C) generated from the hydrolysis of Glucobrassicin significantly correlated with QR activity (r = 0.800, P<0.001). Concentrations required to double the specific QR activity (CD values) of I3C was calculated at 230 µM, which is considerably weaker at induction than other isothiocyanates like sulforphane. To confirm relationships between GS hydrolysis products and QR activity, a range of concentrations of MeJA sprays were applied to kale leaf tissues of both cultivars in 2011. Correlation analysis of these results indicated that sulforaphane, NI3C, neoascorbigen, I3C, and diindolylmethane were all significantly correlated with QR activity. Thus, increased QR activity may be due to combined increases in phenolics (quercetin and kaempferol) and GS hydrolysis product concentrations rather than by individual products alone.

  • pre harvest methyl jasmonate treatment enhances cauliflower chemoprotective attributes without a loss in postharvest quality
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeong Hee Choi, Mosbah M. Kushad, Elizabeth H Jeffery, John A Juvik
    Abstract:

    Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment can significantly increase glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in Brassica vegetables and potentially enhance anticancer bioactivity. Although MeJA treatment may promote ethylene biosynthesis, which can be detrimental to postharvest quality, there are no previous reports of its effect on cauliflower postharvest quality. To address this, cauliflower curds in field plots were sprayed with either 0.1 % Triton X-100 (control) or 500 μM MeJA solutions four days prior to harvest, then stored at 4 °C. Tissue subsamples were collected after 0, 10, 20, and 30 days of postharvest storage and assayed for visual color change, ethylene production, GS concentrations, and extract quinone reductase inductive activity. MeJA treatment increased curd GS concentrations of glucoraphanin, Glucobrassicin, and neoGlucobrassicin by 1.5, 2.4, and 4.6-fold over controls, respectively. MeJA treated cauliflower showed significantly higher quinone reductase activity, a biomarker for anticancer bioactivity, without reducing visual color and postharvest quality for 10 days at 4 °C storage.

  • variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of brassica oleracea
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Mosbah M. Kushad, Anne C. Kurilich, Matthew A Wallig, Allan F. Brown, John A Juvik, Barbara P. Klein, Elizabeth H Jeffery
    Abstract:

    Glucosinolates were evaluated in 5 groups and 65 accessions of Brassica oleracea (50 broccoli, 4 Brussels sprouts, 6 cabbage, 3 cauliflower, and 2 kale) grown under uniform cultural conditions. Glucosinolates and their concentrations varied among the different groups and within each group. The predominant glucosinolates in broccoli were 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin), and 3-indolylmethyl glucosinoate (Glucobrassicin). Glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli ranged from 0.8 μmol g-1 DW in EV6-1 to 21.7 μmol g-1 DW in Brigadier. Concentrations of the other glucosinolates in broccoli varied similarly over a wide range. In Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, the predominant glucosinolates were sinigrin (8.9, 7.8, 9.3, and 10.4 μmol g-1 DW, respectively) and Glucobrassicin (3.2, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.2 μmol g-1 DW, respectively). Brussels sprouts also had significant amounts of gluconapin (6.9 μmol g-1 DW). Wide variations in glucosinolate cont...

  • variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of brassica oleracea
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Mosbah M. Kushad, Anne C. Kurilich, Matthew A Wallig, John A Juvik, Barbara P. Klein, Allan Brown, Elizabeth H Jeffery
    Abstract:

    Glucosinolates were evaluated in 5 groups and 65 accessions of Brassica oleracea (50 broccoli, 4 Brussels sprouts, 6 cabbage, 3 cauliflower, and 2 kale) grown under uniform cultural conditions. Glucosinolates and their concentrations varied among the different groups and within each group. The predominant glucosinolates in broccoli were 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin), and 3-indolylmethyl glucosinoate (Glucobrassicin). Glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli ranged from 0.8 micromol g(-1) DW in EV6-1 to 21.7 micromol g(-1) DW in Brigadier. Concentrations of the other glucosinolates in broccoli varied similarly over a wide range. In Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, the predominant glucosinolates were sinigrin (8.9, 7.8, 9.3, and 10.4 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively) and Glucobrassicin (3.2, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.2 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively). Brussels sprouts also had significant amounts of gluconapin (6.9 micromol g(-1) DW). Wide variations in glucosinolate content among genotypes suggest differences in their health-promoting properties and the opportunity for enhancement of their levels through genetic manipulation.

Vincent A Fritz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy nirs to predict Glucobrassicin concentrations in cabbage and brussels sprout leaf tissue
    Plant Methods, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ilse E Renner, Vincent A Fritz
    Abstract:

    Background Glucobrassicin (GBS) and its hydrolysis product indole-3-carbinol are important nutritional constituents implicated in cancer chemoprevention. Dietary consumption of vegetables sources of GBS, such as cabbage and Brussels sprouts, is linked to tumor suppression, carcinogen excretion, and cancer-risk reduction. High-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) is the current standard GBS identification method, and quantification is based on UV-light absorption in comparison to known standards or via mass spectrometry. These analytical techniques require expensive equipment, trained laboratory personnel, hazardous chemicals, and they are labor intensive. A rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive quantification method is needed to accelerate the adoption of GBS-enhancing production systems. Such an analytical method would allow producers to quantify the quality of their products and give plant breeders a high-throughput phenotyping tool to increase the scale of their breeding programs for high GBS-accumulating varieties. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) paired with partial least squares regression (PLSR) could be a useful tool to develop such a method. Results Here we demonstrate that GBS concentrations of freeze-dried tissue from a wide variety of cabbage and Brussels sprouts can be predicted using partial least squares regression from NIRS data generated from wavelengths between 950 and 1650 nm. Cross-validation models had R2 = 0.75 with RPD = 2.3 for predicting µmol GBS·100 g-1 fresh weight and R2 = 0.80 with RPD = 2.4 for predicting µmol GBS·g-1 dry weight. Inspections of equation loadings suggest the molecular associations used in modeling may be due to first overtones from O-H stretching and/or N-H stretching of amines. Conclusions A calibration model suitable for screening GBS concentration of freeze-dried leaf tissue using NIRS-generated data paired with PLSR can be created for cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Optimal NIRS wavelength ranges for calibration remain an open question.

  • using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy nirs to predict Glucobrassicin concentrations in cabbage and brussels sprout leaf tissue
    Plant Methods, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ilse E Renner, Vincent A Fritz
    Abstract:

    Glucobrassicin (GBS) and its hydrolysis product indole-3-carbinol are important nutritional constituents implicated in cancer chemoprevention. Dietary consumption of vegetables sources of GBS, such as cabbage and Brussels sprouts, is linked to tumor suppression, carcinogen excretion, and cancer-risk reduction. High-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) is the current standard GBS identification method, and quantification is based on UV-light absorption in comparison to known standards or via mass spectrometry. These analytical techniques require expensive equipment, trained laboratory personnel, hazardous chemicals, and they are labor intensive. A rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive quantification method is needed to accelerate the adoption of GBS-enhancing production systems. Such an analytical method would allow producers to quantify the quality of their products and give plant breeders a high-throughput phenotyping tool to increase the scale of their breeding programs for high GBS-accumulating varieties. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) paired with partial least squares regression (PLSR) could be a useful tool to develop such a method. Here we demonstrate that GBS concentrations of freeze-dried tissue from a wide variety of cabbage and Brussels sprouts can be predicted using partial least squares regression from NIRS data generated from wavelengths between 950 and 1650 nm. Cross-validation models had R2 = 0.75 with RPD = 2.3 for predicting µmol GBS·100 g−1 fresh weight and R2 = 0.80 with RPD = 2.4 for predicting µmol GBS·g−1 dry weight. Inspections of equation loadings suggest the molecular associations used in modeling may be due to first overtones from O–H stretching and/or N–H stretching of amines. A calibration model suitable for screening GBS concentration of freeze-dried leaf tissue using NIRS-generated data paired with PLSR can be created for cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Optimal NIRS wavelength ranges for calibration remain an open question.

  • abstract a41 assessing the effect of Glucobrassicin rich brussels sprouts on the metabolism of deuterated phenanthrene developing food based chemoprevention of tobacco related lung cancer
    Cancer Prevention Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Naomi Fujioka, Vincent A Fritz, Charlie Rohwer, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Bruce R Lindgren, Stephen S Hecht
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3-´diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from the glucosinolate Glucobrassicin, are found in cruciferous vegetables. I3C and DIM possess a potent chemopreventive effect against the development of tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumors in mice. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are potent lung carcinogens present in high levels in tobacco smoke. An individual’s ability to metabolically activate and/or detoxify PAH may be related to lung cancer risk from smoking. We hypothesize that I3C administered by eating a rational dose of Brussels sprouts, defined in terms of Glucobrassicin concentration, can decrease the metabolic activation and/or increase detoxification of PAH, represented by the noncarcinogenic PAH [D10]Phenanthrene ([D10]Phe). Use of deuterated phenanthrene eliminates confounding by environmental phenanthrene. Metabolic activation of [D10]Phe is represented by [D10]Phenanthrene tetraol ([D10]PheT), and detoxification is represented by [D10]phenanthrol. We are conducting a clinical trial to determine whether Glucobrassicin-rich Brussels sprouts can favorably modify the metabolism of the [D10]Phe. Study Design: This is a single-arm clinical trial. The primary objective is to determine the effect of a 7-day course of Brussels sprout consumption on [D10]PheT. Secondary objectives include analysis of [D10]phenanthrol and the [D10]PheT:[D10]phenanthrol ratio. Exploratory objectives include determining the correlation between 24 h urinary DIM with the reduction in [D10]PheT, and determining the effect of Brussels sprout consumption on circulating immune cell composition and activity. Forty-eight generally healthy, adult current smokers and former smokers will be enrolled. Subjects are given 1 microgram of [D10]phe, and all urine is collected for 6 hours (h) afterwards to quantify baseline levels of [D10]PheT and [D10]phenanthrol. Subjects then consume 200 micromol Glucobrassicin in the form of raw Brussels sprouts (~200-300 g) once daily for 7 days. Urine is collected for 24 h after vegetable consumption on days 3 ± 1 and 6 of the feeding intervention for DIM quantification. On day 7 of the feeding intervention, a second dose of 1 microgram of [D10]phe is administered at the study center 60 minutes ± 10 minutes after vegetable consumption, followed by another 6 h urine collection. [D10]pheT and [D10]phenanthrol levels are quantified using a validated tandem mass spectrometry assay. Pre- and post-[D10]PheT levels are compared using a paired t-test after log transformation. The results will also be analyzed by GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotyping. Results: Twelve subjects have completed the study. Baseline [D10]PheT levels ranged from 48.34 to 331.05 pmol/6 h. Day 7 [D10]PheT levels ranged from 26.57 to 333.35 pmol/6 h. Percent change from baseline to Day 7 [D10]PheT ranged from a 33% decrease to an 86.5% increase (mean +/- SE of 12.8 +/- 11.6%). Conclusions: The study is ongoing and more subjects are necessary to make a definitive conclusion. Citation Format: Naomi Fujioka, Michelle To, Bruce R. Lindgren, Vincent A. Fritz, Charles Rohwer, Dorothy Hatsukami, Stephen S. Hecht. Assessing the effect of Glucobrassicin-rich Brussels sprouts on the metabolism of deuterated phenanthrene: Developing food-based chemoprevention of tobacco-related lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A41.

  • identification and analysis of a mercapturic acid conjugate of indole 3 methyl isothiocyanate in the urine of humans who consumed cruciferous vegetables
    Journal of Chromatography B, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pramod Upadhyaya, Naomi Fujioka, Vincent A Fritz, Adam T Zarth, Stephen S Hecht
    Abstract:

    Glucobrassicin, a quantitatively significant constituent of Brassica vegetables, gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its dimer di-indolylmethane (DIM) when the vegetables are chewed. I3C and DIM have been extensively studied with respect to their anti-carcinogenic properties. However, the presumed intermediate isothiocyanate in their formation, indole-3-methyl isothiocyanate (IMITC), has to our knowledge never been observed, despite the fact that isothiocyanates derived from cruciferous vegetables are known to have anti-carcinogenic properties. Therefore, we investigated the formation and presence in human urine of IMITC by analyzing for its N-acetylcysteine conjugate, IMITC-NAC, in order to gain a more complete understanding of the biochemical pathways leading to formation of I3C and DIM upon consumption of vegetables rich in Glucobrassicin. Standard IMITC-NAC was synthesized and its structure confirmed by NMR and MS. IMITC-NAC was identified in extracts of Brussels sprouts chopped in the presence of N-acetylcysteine. An LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM method for analysis of IMITC-NAC, with [13C,15N]IMITC-NAC as internal standard, was developed and validated. Then, ten subjects (7 females) consumed a salad of Brussels sprouts and cabbage (containing 100-500μmol Glucobrassicin) once daily for 3days. Urine was collected at intervals up to 24h after vegetable consumption. Levels of IMITC-NAC in the urine of these 10 subjects ranged from 0.2 to 30.2pmol/mL urine. These results provide the first evidence for the presumed intermediacy of IMITC in the formation of I3C and DIM in humans who consumed Brussels sprouts and cabbage as a source of Glucobrassicin.

  • urinary 3 3 diindolylmethane a biomarker of Glucobrassicin exposure and indole 3 carbinol uptake in humans
    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2014
    Co-Authors: Naomi Fujioka, Cheryl E Ainsliewaldman, Pramod Upadhyaya, Steven G Carmella, Vincent A Fritz, Charlie Rohwer, Yunhua Fan, Diane Rauch, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Stephen S Hecht
    Abstract:

    Background: Brassica vegetable consumption may confer a protective effect against cancer, possibly attributable to their glucosinolates. Glucobrassicin is a predominant glucosinolate and is the precursor of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with anticancer effects. However, objective assessments of I3C uptake from Brassica vegetables have not been successful. Methods: We conducted a randomized, crossover trial to test whether 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM, a metabolite of I3C) excreted in the urine after consumption of raw Brassica vegetables with divergent Glucobrassicin concentrations is a marker of I3C uptake from such foods. Twenty-five subjects were fed 50 g of either raw “Jade Cross” Brussels sprouts (high Glucobrassicin concentration) or “Blue Dynasty” cabbage (low Glucobrassicin concentration) once daily for 3 days. All urine was collected for 24 hours after vegetable consumption each day. After a washout period, subjects crossed over to the alternate vegetable. Urinary DIM was measured using a novel liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry–selected reaction monitoring (LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM) method with [2H2]DIM as internal standard. Results: Urinary DIM was consistently and significantly higher after Brussels sprouts feeding than after cabbage feeding, as evidenced by an average difference of 8.73 pmol/mg creatinine (95% confidence interval, 5.36–12.10; P = 0.00002). Conclusion: We have successfully quantified urinary DIM after uptake of I3C from food, and demonstrated that differences in Glucobrassicin exposure are reflected in urinary DIM levels. Impact: Our LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM method and the results of our study indicate urinary DIM is a measure of I3C uptake from Brassica vegetables, a finding that can be utilized in prospective epidemiologic and chemoprevention studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(2); 282–7. ©2013 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 221][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/23/221?iss=2

Mayank S. Malik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variation of glucosinolates in wild radish raphanus raphanistrum accessions
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mayank S. Malik, Melissa B. Riley, Jason K. Norsworthy, William C. Bridges
    Abstract:

    Glucosinolate composition was determined in wild radish accessions from eight states in the northeastern and southern United States to determine the variability of production among accessions. Glucosinolates were evaluated from roots, leaves, flowers, primary, and secondary branches. Seventeen glucosinolates were identified, with glucoerucin, glucoraphenin, Glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin contributing 90% to 100% of the total glucosinolates. Flowers contained the highest glucosinolate concentrations, 12.07 to 55.36 μmol/g, but flowers contributed only 5.3 to 21.3% to the total glucosinolates. Of the eight accessions, the Mississippi accession produced significantly higher levels of total glucosinolates and glucosinolates which can be degraded to isothiocyanates per plant, totals of 618.97 and 563.53 μmol/plant, respectively. Total plant biomass did not differ between accessions indicating a difference in the ability of the Mississippi accession to produce glucosinolates. Further studies are needed to ...

  • biology and ecology of wild radish raphanus raphanistrum
    2009
    Co-Authors: Mayank S. Malik
    Abstract:

    Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), a facultative winter annual is a troublesome weed in small grain crops of the Southeastern United States. Besides being a weed, it may also be used as a cover crop for weed management due to its production of glucosinolates. Studies were conducted to evaluate the biology and ecology of wild radish as well as its glucosinolate production and its weed management possibilities. Wild radish emerging in fall months formed a rosette of leaves which aided its winter survival. Plants emerging from December through March that did not form a rosette had minimal survival. Wild radish life cycle ranged from 43.5 to 230.5 days. Plants emerging in the fall had greater biomass and seed production compared to ones emerging in summer months. Developmental phases most influenced by the emergence date were emergence to bolting and bolting to flowering. Phenological development phases, except for flowering to silique production, were dependent on both temperature and photoperiod. Wild radish seeds at maturation exhibited lower germination compared to seeds after-ripened in the field for 3 to 6 months. Temperatures of 5 to 15 C were required for germination. Germination was greater at fluctuating temperatures compared to constant temperatures. Burial of seeds (10-cm depth) decreased germination with red light increasing germination at 6 mo after retrieval from soil, indicating a phytochrome effect. Five glucosinolates glucoerucin, glucotropaeolin, glucoraphenin, Glucobrassicin,

Jacques Tulliez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • isolation and structure elucidation of a new thermal breakdown product of Glucobrassicin the parent indole glucosinolate
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002
    Co-Authors: Sylvie Chevolleau, Laurent Debrauwer, Ge Rard A Boyer, Jacques Tulliez
    Abstract:

    The thermal breakdown of Glucobrassicin, the major natural indole glucosinolate present in cruciferous vegetables, has been studied. This study has been conducted using pure synthetic glucobrassici...

  • enzymatic chemical and thermal breakdown of 3h labeled Glucobrassicin the parent indole glucosinolate
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Sylvie Chevolleau, Patrick Rollin, Nicole Gasc, Jacques Tulliez
    Abstract:

    The enzymatic, chemical, and thermal breakdown pathways of Glucobrassicin, the major indolylmethyl glucosinolate of cruciferous vegetables, have been studied using synthetic 3H-labeled Glucobrassicin (GBS). Radio-HPLC was used to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the resulting products as well as their kinetics of formation. Enzymatic breakdown of GBS under myrosinase action gave rise to different indole compounds [indole-3-carbinol (I3C), indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), and 3,3‘-diindolylmethane (DIM)]. At neutral pH, GBS degradation was almost complete after 1 h, and the major breakdown product was I3C, which could be converted to DIM. The formation of this self-condensation product was observed as photosensitive. In acidic conditions, enzymatic degradation of GBS was a slower phenomenon, requiring 24 h to be nearly complete. IAN and I3C were the only two products occurring, and it was observed that the light had no effect either on the rate of formation or on the relative proportions of the breakdo...

  • Synthesis of [3H]‐labelled Glucobrassicin, a potential radiotracer for metabolic studies of indole glucosinolates
    Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 1993
    Co-Authors: Sylvie Chevolleau, B. Joseph, Patrick Rollin, Jacques Tulliez
    Abstract:

    Glucobrassicin, an indole glucosinolate widespread in cruciferous plants, appears to be involved in anticarcinogenic activity via its breakdown products. In order to study the “in vivo” metabolism of Glucobrassicin, we have synthesized the 5-[3H]-indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (3H-labelled Glucobrassicin) starting from artificial peracetylated 5-bromoindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate. The labelled compounds were characterized by radio-HPLC and FAB mass spectrometry.