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Masayuki Fujita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense Systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 muM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na(+)/K(+) ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na(+)/K(+) ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense System in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of Glyoxalase System. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Salt Stress and Recovery: Role of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems
Antioxidants, 2019Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Salinity toxicity and the post-stress restorative process were examined to identify the salt tolerance mechanism in tomato, with a focus on the antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems. Hydroponically grown 15 day-old tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) were treated with 150 and 250 mM NaCl for 4 days and subsequently grown in nutrient solution for a further 2 days to observe the post-stress responses. Under saline conditions, plants showed osmotic stress responses that included low leaf relative water content and high proline content. Salinity induced oxidative stress by the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•−) and methylglyoxal. Salinity also impaired the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense System. On the other hand, excessive Na+ uptake induced ionic stress which resulted in a lower content of other minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and a reduction in photosynthetic pigment synthesis and plant growth. After 2 days in the normal nutrient solution, the plants showed improvements in antioxidant and Glyoxalase System activities, followed by improvements in plant growth, water balance, and chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant and Glyoxalase Systems worked in concert to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tomato plants can tolerate salinity and show rapid post-stress recovery by enhancement of their antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l -Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l-Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Methylglyoxal – a signaling molecule in plant abiotic stress responses
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Golam Mostofa, Zhong-guang Li, Masayuki Fujita, Ajit Ghosh, Nurealam Siddiqui, Lam-son Phan TranAbstract:Abstract Abiotic stresses are the most common harmful factors, adversely affecting all aspects of plants’ life. Plants have to elicit appropriate responses against multifaceted effects of abiotic stresses by reprogramming various cellular processes. Signaling molecules play vital roles in sensing environmental stimuli to modulate gene expression, metabolism and physiological processes in plants to cope with the adverse effects. Methylglyoxal (MG), a dicarbonyl compound, is known to accumulate in cells as a byproduct of various metabolic pathways, including glycolysis. Several works in recent years have demonstrated that MG could play signaling roles via Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), K+ and abscisic acid. Recently, global gene expression profiling has shown that MG could induce signaling cascades, and an overlap between MG-responsive and stress-responsive signaling events might exist in plants. Once overaccumulated in cells, MG can provoke detrimental effects by generating ROS, forming advanced glycation end products and inactivating antioxidant Systems. Plants are also equipped with MG-detoxifying Glyoxalase System to save cellular organelles from MG toxicity. Since MG has regulatory functions in plant growth and development, and Glyoxalase System is an integral component of abiotic stress adaptation, an in-depth understanding on MG metabolism and Glyoxalase System will help decipher mechanisms underlying plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we provide a comprehensive update on the current knowledge of MG production and detoxification in plants, and highlight the putative functions of Glyoxalase System in mediating plant defense against abiotic stresses. We particularly emphasize on the dual roles of MG and its connection with glutathione-related redox regulation, which is crucial for plant defense and adaptive responses under changing environmental conditions.
Mirza Hasanuzzaman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense Systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 muM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na(+)/K(+) ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na(+)/K(+) ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense System in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of Glyoxalase System. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Salt Stress and Recovery: Role of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems
Antioxidants, 2019Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Salinity toxicity and the post-stress restorative process were examined to identify the salt tolerance mechanism in tomato, with a focus on the antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems. Hydroponically grown 15 day-old tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) were treated with 150 and 250 mM NaCl for 4 days and subsequently grown in nutrient solution for a further 2 days to observe the post-stress responses. Under saline conditions, plants showed osmotic stress responses that included low leaf relative water content and high proline content. Salinity induced oxidative stress by the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•−) and methylglyoxal. Salinity also impaired the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense System. On the other hand, excessive Na+ uptake induced ionic stress which resulted in a lower content of other minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and a reduction in photosynthetic pigment synthesis and plant growth. After 2 days in the normal nutrient solution, the plants showed improvements in antioxidant and Glyoxalase System activities, followed by improvements in plant growth, water balance, and chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant and Glyoxalase Systems worked in concert to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tomato plants can tolerate salinity and show rapid post-stress recovery by enhancement of their antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l -Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l-Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Nitric oxide pretreatment enhances antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems to confer PEG-induced oxidative stress in rapeseed
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2017Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Taufika Islam Anee, Shahadat Hossain, Khursheda Parvin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) is dynamic molecule implicated in diverse biological functions demonstrating its protective effect against damages provoked by abiotic stresses. The present study investigated that exogenous NO pretreatment (500 µM sodium nitroprusside, 24 h) prevented the adverse effect of drought stress [induced by 10% and 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 48 h] on rapeseed seedlings. Drought stress resulted in reduced relative water content with increased proline (Pro) level. Drought stress insisted high H2O2 generation and consequently increased membrane lipid peroxidation which are clear indications of oxidative damage. Drought stress disrupted the Glyoxalase System too. Exogenous NO successfully alleviated oxidative damage effects on rapeseed seedlings through improving the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidant pool and upregulating antioxidant enzymes’ activities. Improvement of Glyoxalase System (Glyoxalase I and Glyoxalase II activities) by exogenous NO was significant to improve plants’ toler...
Paul J Thornalley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dicarbonyl stress and the Glyoxalase System
2020Co-Authors: Naila Rabbani, Paul J ThornalleyAbstract:Abstract Dicarbonyl stress is defined as the abnormal accumulation of reactive α-oxoaldehyde, dicarbonyl metabolites leading to cell and tissue dysfunction implicated in aging and disease. There is increased formation of arginine-derived hydroimidazolone adducts of proteins and guanosine-derived imidazopurinone adducts of DNA, linked to protein misfolding and mutagenesis, respectively. Methylglyoxal is a dominant mediator of dicarbonyl stress in vivo. It is metabolized by glutathione-dependent Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1). The main drivers of dicarbonyl stress are increased formation of methylglyoxal by glycolytic overload and decreased metabolism of methylglyoxal by downregulation of Glo1. Proteins susceptible to dicarbonyl modification are enriched in protein folding, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism. Dicarbonyl stress activates the unfolded protein response and downstream proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses. The pathobiology of dicarbonyl stress is most evident in obesity, vascular complications of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and aging. It may be corrected by dicarbonyl scavengers and inducers of Glo1 expression.
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Glyoxalase centennial conference introduction history of research on the Glyoxalase System and future prospects
Biochemical Society Transactions, 2014Co-Authors: Naila Rabbani, Paul J ThornalleyAbstract:On 27–29 November 2013, researchers gathered at the University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K., to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of the Glyoxalase pathway. The Glyoxalase System was discovered and reported in papers by Carl Neuberg and by Henry Drysdale Dakin and Harold Ward Dudley in 1913. All three were leading extraordinary investigators in the pioneering years of biochemistry. Neuberg proposed Glyoxalase as the pathway of mainstream glycolysis and Gustav Embden correctly discounted this, later confirmed by Otto Meyerhof. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi proposed Glyoxalase I as the regulator of cell growth and others discounted this. In the meantime, molecular, structural and mechanistic properties of the enzymatic components of the System, Glyoxalase I and Glyoxalase II, have been characterized. The physiological function of the Glyoxalase pathway of enzymatic defence against dicarbonyl glycation, particularly by endogenous methylglyoxal, now seems secure. We are now in an era of investigation of the regulation of the Glyoxalase System where a role in aging and disease, physiological stress and drug resistance and development of healthier foods and new pharmaceuticals is emerging. The history of Glyoxalase research illustrates the scientific process of hypothesis proposal, testing and rejection or acceptance with further investigation, standing testament to the need for intuition guided by experience and expertise, as well as indefatigable experimentation. Abbreviations: DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; F-1,6-BP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; GA3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; Glo, Glyoxalase; MDR, multidrug resistance
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activity regulation copy number and function in the Glyoxalase System
Biochemical Society Transactions, 2014Co-Authors: Naila Rabbani, Paul J ThornalleyAbstract:Molecular, catalytic and structural properties of Glyoxalase pathway enzymes of many species are now known. Current research has focused on the regulation of activity and expression of Glo1 (Glyoxalase I) and Glo2 (Glyoxalase II) and their role in health and disease. Human GLO1 has MRE (metal-response element), IRE (insulin-response element), E2F4 (early gene 2 factor isoform 4), AP-2α (activating enhancer-binding protein 2α) and ARE (antioxidant response-element) regulatory elements and is a hotspot for copy number variation. The human Glo2 gene, HAGH (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase), has a regulatory p53-response element. Glo1 is linked to healthy aging, obesity, diabetes and diabetic complications, chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease, other disorders and multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Mathematical modelling of the Glyoxalase pathway predicts that pharmacological levels of increased Glo1 activity markedly decrease cellular methylglyoxal and related glycation, and pharmacological Glo1 inhibition markedly increases cellular methylglyoxal and related glycation. Glo1 inducers are in development to sustain healthy aging and for treatment of vascular complications of diabetes and other disorders, and cell-permeant Glo1 inhibitors are in development for treatment of multidrug-resistant tumours, malaria and potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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Glyoxalase in diabetes, obesity and related disorders
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Naila Rabbani, Paul J ThornalleyAbstract:Abstract Diabetes was the first disease state where evidence emerged for increased formation of methylglyoxal. Metabolism of methylglyoxal by the Glyoxalase System has been linked to the development of vascular complications of diabetes – nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. Increased formation of methylglyoxal in hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes and down regulation of Glyoxalase 1 by inflammatory signalling in vascular cells leads to a marked increased modification of proteins by methylglyoxal to form advanced glycation endproducts at the sites of vascular complications. Hotspot protein targets of methylglyoxal that suffer functional impairment – the dicarbonyl proteome – likely play a key role in the mechanisms underlying the development of vascular complications in diabetes: particularly modification of integrin binding sites in extracellular matrix proteins leading to endothelial cell shedding and anoikis, modification of mitochondrial proteins and increased formation of reaction oxygen species, and modification of apolipoprotein B100 of low density lipoprotein leading to its increased atherogenicity. Some current therapeutic agents counter partially dysfunctional metabolism of methylglyoxal by the Glyoxalase System in diabetes – including the recent development of high dose thiamine therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy. Further pharmacologic strategies are required to overcome the down regulation of Glyoxalase1 in diabetes. The Glyoxalase System is likely to be a continuing and future focus for research on clinical biomarkers and therapeutic development for respectively assessment of metabolic control and prevention of vascular complications in diabetes and obesity.
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Glyoxalase in ageing.
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Naila Rabbani, Paul J ThornalleyAbstract:Abstract The Glyoxalase System has been studied since 1913. The biochemical function of this enzymatic System is the metabolism of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, to less reactive products. In the last decade research has shown that methylglyoxal is the precursor of quantitatively important damage to the proteome and genome, forming mainly hydroimidazolone and imidazopurinone adducts in protein and DNA respectively. The aim of this article is to review the evidence of the involvement of the Glyoxalase System in ageing and role of Glyoxalase in future research into healthy ageing—mainly in mammalian Systems for insights into consequences and interventions in human health. Protein and DNA damage by Glyoxalase System substrates is linked to dysfunction of proteins susceptible to dicarbonyl modification—the dicarbonyl proteome, and DNA instability and mutation. A component of the Glyoxalase System, Glyoxalase 1, is a gene with expression influential on lifespan—increasing longevity being associated with increased expression of Glyoxalase 1. The Glyoxalase 1 gene is also a site of copy number variation in both transcribed and non-transcribed regions giving rise to population variation of expression. The Glyoxalase System and Glo1 expression particularly is therefore likely linked to healthy ageing.
Kamrun Nahar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense Systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 muM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na(+)/K(+) ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na(+)/K(+) ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense System in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of Glyoxalase System. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Salt Stress and Recovery: Role of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems
Antioxidants, 2019Co-Authors: Khursheda Parvin, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Salinity toxicity and the post-stress restorative process were examined to identify the salt tolerance mechanism in tomato, with a focus on the antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems. Hydroponically grown 15 day-old tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) were treated with 150 and 250 mM NaCl for 4 days and subsequently grown in nutrient solution for a further 2 days to observe the post-stress responses. Under saline conditions, plants showed osmotic stress responses that included low leaf relative water content and high proline content. Salinity induced oxidative stress by the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•−) and methylglyoxal. Salinity also impaired the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense System. On the other hand, excessive Na+ uptake induced ionic stress which resulted in a lower content of other minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and a reduction in photosynthetic pigment synthesis and plant growth. After 2 days in the normal nutrient solution, the plants showed improvements in antioxidant and Glyoxalase System activities, followed by improvements in plant growth, water balance, and chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant and Glyoxalase Systems worked in concert to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tomato plants can tolerate salinity and show rapid post-stress recovery by enhancement of their antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l -Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Exogenous nitric oxide donor and arginine provide protection against short-term drought stress in wheat seedlings
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Anisur Rahman, Masashi Inafuku, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important plant signaling molecule that has a vital role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we assessed drought-induced (15 and 30% PEG, polyethylene glycol) damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Prodip) seedlings and mitigation by the synergistic effect of exogenous Arg (0.5 mM l-Arginine) and an NO donor (0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Drought stress sharply decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC) but markedly increased the proline (Pro) content in wheat seedlings. Drought stress caused overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) due to the inefficiency of antioxidant enzymes, the Glyoxalase System, and the ascorbate-glutathione pool. However, supplementation with the NO donor and Arg enhanced the antioxidant defense System (both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components) in drought-stressed seedlings. Application of the NO donor and Arg also enhanced the Glyoxalase System and reduced the MG content by increasing the activities of the Glyoxalase System enzymes (Gly I and Gly II), which restored the leaf RWC and further increased the Pro content under drought stress conditions. Exogenous NO donor and Arg application enhanced the endogenous NO content, which positively regulated the antioxidant System and reduced ROS production. Thus, the present study reveals the crucial roles of Arg and NO in enhancing drought stress tolerance in wheat seedlings by upgrading their water status and reducing oxidative stress and MG toxicity.
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Nitric oxide pretreatment enhances antioxidant defense and Glyoxalase Systems to confer PEG-induced oxidative stress in rapeseed
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2017Co-Authors: Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Kamrun Nahar, Taufika Islam Anee, Shahadat Hossain, Khursheda Parvin, Masayuki FujitaAbstract:ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) is dynamic molecule implicated in diverse biological functions demonstrating its protective effect against damages provoked by abiotic stresses. The present study investigated that exogenous NO pretreatment (500 µM sodium nitroprusside, 24 h) prevented the adverse effect of drought stress [induced by 10% and 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 48 h] on rapeseed seedlings. Drought stress resulted in reduced relative water content with increased proline (Pro) level. Drought stress insisted high H2O2 generation and consequently increased membrane lipid peroxidation which are clear indications of oxidative damage. Drought stress disrupted the Glyoxalase System too. Exogenous NO successfully alleviated oxidative damage effects on rapeseed seedlings through improving the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidant pool and upregulating antioxidant enzymes’ activities. Improvement of Glyoxalase System (Glyoxalase I and Glyoxalase II activities) by exogenous NO was significant to improve plants’ toler...
Sarvesh R. Saroj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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erythrocyte enzymes of Glyoxalase System as indicators of beneficial effects of antihyperglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Vinay Govind Patke, Sarvesh R. SarojAbstract:Background: Methylglyoxal (MG), a product of sustained hyperglycemia, is a reactive carbonyl toxin responsible for development of complications in diabetes. Glyoxalase System detoxify MG to prevent complications. Some antihyperglycemic agents, may inhibit deleterious effects of MG by independent mechanisms. It was considered worthwhile to identify such agents and to find out whether changes observed in the erythrocyte levels of Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, Aldose Reductase & D-Lactate are indicators of the beneficial effects through their direct action on MG, or merely a result of good glycemic control in response to treatment. Methods: The Glyoxalase System was characterized in erythrocytes of blood samples from patients with Type 2 Diabetes (n = 147), and normal healthy control subjects (n = 40). Diabetics were divided into groups based on presence or absence of complications; & further divided into subgroups based on medication with sulphonylurea, metformin, insulin and combination therapy. Results: Erythrocyte Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, Aldose Reductase, and D-Lactate levels significantly increased in all diabetics, (p<0.001) relative to controls. A maximum rise of enzymes in T2D with complications was observed as compared to patients without complications (p<0.001). Inadequate glycemic control was observed in all diabetics, and enzyme levels significantly declined in groups treated with metformin, either as monotherapy or in combination with insulin. Conclusions: Enzymes of Glyoxalase System indicate beneficial effects of metformin. Metformin reduces MG and minimizes worsening glycemic control leading to complications. Metformin renders protection through mechanism independent of its antihyperglycemic action.
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Erythrocyte enzymes of Glyoxalase System as indicators of beneficial effects of antihyperglycemic agents in Type 2 Diabetes.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Vinay Govind Patke, Sarvesh R. SarojAbstract:Background: Methylglyoxal (MG), a product of sustained hyperglycemia, is a reactive carbonyl toxin responsible for development of complications in diabetes. Glyoxalase System detoxify MG to prevent complications. Some antihyperglycemic agents, may inhibit deleterious effects of MG by independent mechanisms. It was considered worthwhile to identify such agents and to find out whether changes observed in the erythrocyte levels of Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, Aldose Reductase & D-Lactate are indicators of the beneficial effects through their direct action on MG, or merely a result of good glycemic control in response to treatment. Methods: The Glyoxalase System was characterized in erythrocytes of blood samples from patients with Type 2 Diabetes (n = 147), and normal healthy control subjects (n = 40). Diabetics were divided into groups based on presence or absence of complications; & further divided into subgroups based on medication with sulphonylurea, metformin, insulin and combination therapy. Results: Erythrocyte Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, Aldose Reductase, and D-Lactate levels significantly increased in all diabetics, (p
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The role of enzymes of the Glyoxalase System in relation to complications in type II diabetes mellitus
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Vinay Govind Patke, Sarvesh R. SarojAbstract:Background: Metabolism of methylglyoxal by the Glyoxalase System may be linked to the development of diabetic complications. It was considered worthwhile to find out whether changes observed in the levels of Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase & D-lactate are prognostic indicators for the development of complications of diabetes or merely reflect the result of changes associated with complications. Methods: The Glyoxalase System was characterized in erythrocytes of blood samples from patients with type II diabetes mellitus (n=177), and normal healthy control subjects (n=40). Diabetics were divided into 3 main groups based on presence or absence of complications. Results: The concentrations of RBC Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase, and D-lactate were significantly increased in all groups of diabetic patients, (P
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the role of enzymes of the Glyoxalase System in relation to complications in type ii diabetes mellitus
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Vinay Govind Patke, Sarvesh R. SarojAbstract:Background: Metabolism of methylglyoxal by the Glyoxalase System may be linked to the development of diabetic complications. It was considered worthwhile to find out whether changes observed in the levels of Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase & D-lactate are prognostic indicators for the development of complications of diabetes or merely reflect the result of changes associated with complications. Methods: The Glyoxalase System was characterized in erythrocytes of blood samples from patients with type II diabetes mellitus (n=177), and normal healthy control subjects (n=40). Diabetics were divided into 3 main groups based on presence or absence of complications. Results: The concentrations of RBC Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase, and D-lactate were significantly increased in all groups of diabetic patients, (P <0.001) relative to controls. Comparison between groups showed maximum rise of enzymes in group I and group III (P <0.001); and maximum rise of D-lactate in group III (P <0.001). Within the groups of patients with complications, enzyme levels were markedly increased in patients with IHD/PVD (ischaemic heart disease/peripheral vascular disease) and decreased in patients with nephropathy. Conclusion: Results of this study suggests a positive relationship between increased activity of erythrocyte enzymes of Glyoxalase System and poor or moderate glycemic control. The increased enzyme levels in patients without complications indicate their role as prognostic markers for development of complications. Molecular mechanisms for development of Nephropathy appear to be different from those of Neuropathy and Retinopathy.
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Research Article The role of enzymes of the Glyoxalase System in relation to complications in type II diabetes mellitus
2015Co-Authors: Vinay Govind Patke, Sarvesh R. SarojAbstract:Background: Metabolism of methylglyoxal by the Glyoxalase System may be linked to the development of diabetic complications. It was considered worthwhile to find out whether changes observed in the levels of Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase & D-lactate are prognostic indicators for the development of complications of diabetes or merely reflect the result of changes associated with complications. Methods: The Glyoxalase System was characterized in erythrocytes of blood samples from patients with type II diabetes mellitus (n=177), and normal healthy control subjects (n=40). Diabetics were divided into 3 main groups based on presence or absence of complications. Results: The concentrations of RBC Glyoxalase I, Glyoxalase II, aldose reductase, and D-lactate were significantly increased in all groups of diabetic patients, (P