The Experts below are selected from a list of 1260 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tom Hsiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced alteration in ROS metabolism and its relation to Gummosis development in Prunus persica.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB, 2020Co-Authors: He Zhang, Fan Wang, Tom Hsiang, Dongmei Zhang, Junwei LiuAbstract:Peach Gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most detrimental diseases to peaches in southern China. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in plant-pathogen interactions, however, their roles in the pathogenesis of peach Gummosis, especially shoot disease in perennials, are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of L. theobromae on ROS production-scavenging systems and on signalling transduction during L. theobromae-induced Gummosis in current-year peach shoots were investigated. The infection by L. theobromae led to a ROS burst and activated the plant antioxidant enzyme-dependent scavenging system. With disease progression, the capacity of the plant antioxidant machinery declined, and allowed for ROS accumulation and eventual malondialdehyde production. As for the fungus L. theobromae, the transcripts of genes related to ROS production were significantly repressed, and concomitantly the expression of genes related to antioxidant systems and oxidative stress resistance was markedly upregulated, perhaps to alleviate oxidative stress for successful colonisation. Moreover, genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis and pathogenesis-related proteins were all markedly promoted, which could contribute to the restriction of disease development in peach shoots. Overall, the results showed that the ROS production-scavenging system in P. persica might affect disease development during peach-L. theobromae interaction. Our findings lay the foundations for future in-depth investigations of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying L. theobromae-mediated shoot diseases in terms of ROS production-scavenging systems.
-
Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of
2014Co-Authors: Fan Wang, Lina Zhao, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial Gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the Gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtus
-
First report of Gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea on mango trees in Guangxi, South China.
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Tangxun Guo, Z B Pan, Suiping Huang, Ping Ning, Tom HsiangAbstract:Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important fruit crop in southern China, and Gummosis is one of the most important of its diseases. Under severe conditions, the outer wood of branches cracks, and exudes a yellow to brown gum, and the whole plant declines. In June, 2012, symptomatic mango branches were collected in Guangxi province. On potato dextrose agar, isolates of similar morphological characteristics were consistently recovered, with 80% isolation rate from 45 surface-sterilized branch pieces. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform, and measured 18-28×4-6 μm. The fungus was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea based on morphological characteristics (Lazzizera et al., 2008). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene of one isolate (L15,) showed 99-100% identity to B. dothidea, (Gen- Bank accession Nos. GQ421485, JF441083 and HQ660485). Pathogenicity of three isolates was tested on three green twigs and three 3-year-old branches in mango orchards in Nanning (Guangxi). Three wounds were made for each location with a sterilized needle. Mycelial plugs were placed on the wounds and wrapped with parafilm. Two weeks later, typical brown lesions were observed on the branches, and gum exuded from infected tissues, but no symptoms were seen on controls inoculated with sterile agar plugs. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of B. dothidea from diseased branches. In China, the main causal agent of mango Gummosis has been identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Li et al., 2013). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing mango Gummosis in the country.
-
an outbreak of Gummosis of mango trees caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae in guangxi south china
Plant Disease, 2013Co-Authors: Tangxun Guo, Z B Pan, Suiping Huang, Ping Ning, Tom HsiangAbstract:Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically important fruit in southern provinces of China. In May 2012, field surveys including 2,250 mango trees were done in nine orchards of five different counties in Guangxi Province. An outbreak of Gummosis was observed in the province involving over 30,000 ha with an average of 50% disease incidence (DI) and a maximum of 70% in some orchards. Until then, Gummosis had been considered a common but not serious disease. In 2012, high temperatures in April and extensive rain in May favored increased disease development. Infected plants showed abundant gum secretion from branches, stems, and main trunks. Some branches died from the disease. During the early stages of infection, branches or stems turned brown followed by xylem necrosis and exudation of a milky sap. The sap turned yellow and finally formed amber gum within several days. Initially, the gum appeared as small droplets, increasing in number, and covering most of the branches and the trunk with bark cracking ...
-
Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China
Plant disease, 2011Co-Authors: Fan Wang, Lina Zhao, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial Gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the Gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D....
He Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced alteration in ROS metabolism and its relation to Gummosis development in Prunus persica.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB, 2020Co-Authors: He Zhang, Fan Wang, Tom Hsiang, Dongmei Zhang, Junwei LiuAbstract:Peach Gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most detrimental diseases to peaches in southern China. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in plant-pathogen interactions, however, their roles in the pathogenesis of peach Gummosis, especially shoot disease in perennials, are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of L. theobromae on ROS production-scavenging systems and on signalling transduction during L. theobromae-induced Gummosis in current-year peach shoots were investigated. The infection by L. theobromae led to a ROS burst and activated the plant antioxidant enzyme-dependent scavenging system. With disease progression, the capacity of the plant antioxidant machinery declined, and allowed for ROS accumulation and eventual malondialdehyde production. As for the fungus L. theobromae, the transcripts of genes related to ROS production were significantly repressed, and concomitantly the expression of genes related to antioxidant systems and oxidative stress resistance was markedly upregulated, perhaps to alleviate oxidative stress for successful colonisation. Moreover, genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis and pathogenesis-related proteins were all markedly promoted, which could contribute to the restriction of disease development in peach shoots. Overall, the results showed that the ROS production-scavenging system in P. persica might affect disease development during peach-L. theobromae interaction. Our findings lay the foundations for future in-depth investigations of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying L. theobromae-mediated shoot diseases in terms of ROS production-scavenging systems.
-
gene expression changes during the Gummosis development of peach shoots in response to lasiodiplodia theobromae infection using rna seq
Frontiers in Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Lei Gao, Yuting Wang, He ZhangAbstract:Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a causal agent of peach (Prunus persica L.) tree Gummosis, a serious disease affecting peach cultivation and production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis remains unclear. RNA-Seq was performed to investigate gene expression in peach shoots inoculated or mock-inoculated with L. theobromae. A total of 20772 genes were detected in eight samples; 4231, 3750, 3453, and 3612 differentially expressed genes were identified at 12, 24, 48, and 60 h after inoculation, respectively. Furthermore, 920 differentially co-expressed genes (515 upregulated and 405 downregulated) were found, respectively. Gene ontology annotation revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism, uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferase activity, and photosynthesis were the most differentially regulated processes during Gummosis development. Significant differences were also found in the expression of genes involved in glycometabolism and in ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling. These data illustrate the dynamic changes in gene expression in the inoculated peach shoots at the transcriptome level. Overall, gene expression in defense response and glycometabolism might result in the Gummosis of peach trees induced by L. theobromae.
Junichi Ueda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Gummosis and leaf abscission in Yoshino cherry (Prunus yedoensis): relevance to hormonal regulation and chemical composition of gums
Acta Horticulturae, 2019Co-Authors: Kensuke Miyamoto, Marian Saniewski, Junichi UedaAbstract:Gummosis is widely spread in the plant kingdom, especially in stone-fruit species of the Rosaceae, which resulted from an interaction with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In this study, Gummosis in shoots of 'Yoshino' cherry (Prunus yedoensis) was studied in relation to hormonal status, leaf abscission and chemical composition of gums. An ethylene-releasing compound, ethephon (1 to 2%, w/w in lanolin) substantially induced Gummosis when it was applied in shoots as lanolin paste from the end of July to late August. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me, 2.5%) had little effect on Gummosis. Simultaneous application of ethephon with JA-Me caused total leaf abscission at 4 days after treatment and no Gummosis. Our studies also showed that simultaneous application of ethephon (1.0%) with low concentrations of JA-Me (0.05 and 0.1%) in the first half of September greatly induced Gummosis, but ethephon alone was not effective. On the contrary, ethephon (0.1 and 1.0%) and JA-Me (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5%) applied independently on petioles in early August did not induce leaf abscission. Ethephon (0.1 and 1%) applied simultaneously with JA-Me induced almost total leaf abscission. Analyses of chemical composition of gums formed by ethephon revealed that gums were mainly polysaccharides consisting of ca. 85% of neutral sugars (Ara: ca. 55%; Gal: ca. 20%; Xyl: ca. 10%) and 15% of uronic acids. On the other hand, in sweet cherry (P. avium) Gummosis was induced by the application of ethephon and JA-Me, their simultaneous application substantially enhancing Gummosis. These results suggest that Gummosis and leaf abscission in shoots of 'Yoshino'O cherry are regulated by a signal network and/or a crosstalk between ethylene and jasmonates, and that the presence of leaves plays an important role in Gummosis.
-
Effect of methyl jasmonate on Gummosis in petioles of culinary rhubarb ( Rheum rhabarbarum L.) and the determination of sugar composition of the gum
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2018Co-Authors: Justyna Góraj-koniarska, Junichi Ueda, Marian Saniewski, Kensuke MiyamotoAbstract:This study aimed to know the key chemical compound influencing Gummosis in petioles of intact growing culinary rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) with special emphasis on its sugar composition. The application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me, 0.5 and 1% in lanolin, w/w) in the middle of intact petiole of growing rhubarb substantially induced Gummosis in the entire petioles, below and above the treatment, within several days. JA-Me at 0.5% in lanolin greatly stimulated ethylene production in intact petiole of growing rhubarb, on the 3rd day after JA-Me treatment, ethylene level being increased five times or more. However, an ethylene-releasing compound, ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 1 and 2% in lanolin, w/w) alone had no effect on Gummosis. Analysis of gum polysaccharides by a gel permeation chromatography with a Tosho TSK-gel G5000PW gel permeation column revealed that almost all of rhubarb gum polysaccharides were eluted near the void in this gel chromatography system, suggesting that molecular mass of rhubarb gum polysaccharides are more than 500 kDa, while precise mass has not been decided in this study. Analysis of gum sugar composition after hydrolysis revealed that rhubarb gums is rich in galactose (ca. 30%), arabinose (ca. 20%), and galacturonic acid (15–20%), although other sugars also existed in small quantities. These results suggest that the key chemical compound of Gummosis in petioles of rhubarb is jasmonates rather than ethylene, and gum polysaccharides consist of not only pectic arabinogalactans but also homogalacturonans.
-
Hormonal regulation of Gummosis and composition of gums from bulbs of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis).
Journal of plant physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Kensuke Miyamoto, Marian Saniewski, Toshihisa Kotake, Anna Jarecka Boncela, Junichi UedaAbstract:Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs infected by Fusarium oxysporum showed the symptoms of Gummosis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the hormonal regulation of Gummosis and composition of gums from hyacinth bulbs. The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2% (w/w, in lanolin) induced Gummosis in hyacinth bulbs. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) at 1.5% (w/w, in lanolin) induced Gummosis as well. Simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon further enhanced Gummosis. Molecular mass distribution of hyacinth gums analyzed by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the gums were mainly homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular weight of ca. 30kDa. Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the majority were arabinose (ca. 35%) and galactose (ca. 40%) together with small amounts of fucose, rhamnose and uronic acids (ca. 5%, respectively), suggesting that the gums are pectic arabinogalactans. These results indicate that jasmonates (JAs) interact with ethylene to stimulate sugar metabolism, producing pectic arabinogalactans, and vice versa, leading to Gummosis. These findings, together with those from our previous studies in tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) and grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), revealed that sugar metabolism and hormonal regulation relating to Gummosis are different among species of bulbous plants.
-
Gum in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shoots induced by methyl jasmonate
Polish Botanical Society, 2013Co-Authors: Marian Saniewski, Kensuke Miyamoto, Junichi Ueda, Marcin Horbowicz, Jerzy PuchalskiAbstract:It has been well known that some fungal pathogens (Monilia laxa, M. fructigena, Cytospora cincta), larvae of Grapholita molesta and plant hormone - ethylene, induce Gummosis in apricot shoots. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was also found to induce Gummosis in apricot shoots as well as biotic and abiotic factors mentioned above. In order to know the mode of action of JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation, chemical composition of polysaccharides (after hydrolysis) in gums of apricot shoots induced by JA-Me compared with those by ethephon and their mixture, and naturally occurring ones was studied, resulted in the succesful identification of monosaccharides, and the similarity of a composition consisting of xylose, arabinose and galactose at molar ratio 1:10:14, respectively. These results suggest that beside different inducers of gum in apricot the mechanism of polysaccharides biosynthesis of gums is the same or similar. The physiological role for JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation in apricot shoots, and other species are also discussed
-
Gummosis in grape hyacinth muscari armeniacum bulbs hormonal regulation and chemical composition of gums
Journal of Plant Research, 2010Co-Authors: K Miyamoto, Marian Saniewski, Toshihisa Kotake, Makiko Sasamoto, Junichi UedaAbstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of Gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs, focusing especially on the chemical composition of the gums. The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 1% and 2% (w/w) in lanolin as well as ethylene induced Gummosis in the bulbs within several days. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me, 0.1–2% in lanolin) alone had no effect on Gummosis. However, simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon led to extreme stimulation of ethephon-induced Gummosis. Ethephon-induced Gummosis in the bulbs depended on the maturation stage of the bulbs, increasing from April to July, but decreasing from August to September. Regardless of the presence of JA-Me, the application of ethephon to the inflorescence axis of grape hyacinths did not induce Gummosis. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed that gums were homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular mass of ca. 8.3 kDa. Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the molar ratio of Rha:Ara:Gal:GalA:GlcA was 25:10:40:7:15. These results suggest that principal factors of Gummosis as well as the chemical composition of gums differ between species of bulbous plants.
Álvaro Figueredo Dos Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Phytophthora acaciae sp. nov., a new species causing Gummosis of black wattle in Brazil.
Mycologia, 2019Co-Authors: Tatiane Cristina Albuquerque Alves, Dauri José Tessmann, Kelly L. Ivors, Jean B. Ristaino, Álvaro Figueredo Dos SantosAbstract:A new Phytophthora species was found associated with Gummosis in black wattle plantations in the subtropical, humid, south of Brazil. The new species Phytophthora acaciae is formally named herein b...
Fan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lasiodiplodia theobromae-induced alteration in ROS metabolism and its relation to Gummosis development in Prunus persica.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB, 2020Co-Authors: He Zhang, Fan Wang, Tom Hsiang, Dongmei Zhang, Junwei LiuAbstract:Peach Gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most detrimental diseases to peaches in southern China. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play major roles in plant-pathogen interactions, however, their roles in the pathogenesis of peach Gummosis, especially shoot disease in perennials, are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of L. theobromae on ROS production-scavenging systems and on signalling transduction during L. theobromae-induced Gummosis in current-year peach shoots were investigated. The infection by L. theobromae led to a ROS burst and activated the plant antioxidant enzyme-dependent scavenging system. With disease progression, the capacity of the plant antioxidant machinery declined, and allowed for ROS accumulation and eventual malondialdehyde production. As for the fungus L. theobromae, the transcripts of genes related to ROS production were significantly repressed, and concomitantly the expression of genes related to antioxidant systems and oxidative stress resistance was markedly upregulated, perhaps to alleviate oxidative stress for successful colonisation. Moreover, genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis and pathogenesis-related proteins were all markedly promoted, which could contribute to the restriction of disease development in peach shoots. Overall, the results showed that the ROS production-scavenging system in P. persica might affect disease development during peach-L. theobromae interaction. Our findings lay the foundations for future in-depth investigations of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying L. theobromae-mediated shoot diseases in terms of ROS production-scavenging systems.
-
Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of
2014Co-Authors: Fan Wang, Lina Zhao, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial Gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the Gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtus
-
biochemical changes and defence responses during the development of peach Gummosis caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Yuting Wang, Lei Gao, Fan WangAbstract:Peach Gummosis is a disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and a major problem in peach production. The disease is characterized by gum exudation from fungal infection sites on tree trunks, branches, and fruits. In this study, we found that high humidity and mechanical wounds promote Gummosis development, whereas different light intensities and temperature do not affect Gummosis after infecting detached current year shoots of the susceptible peach cultivar ‘Spring snow’ with L. theobromae in a laboratory. The chlorophyll a and b contents of the infected shoots were significantly lower than those of the uninfected control shoots, but those of H2O2 and malondialdehyde were increased in the infected tissues. Anthocyanin content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity were significantly higher in the infected shoots at 1 day after inoculation, which is consistent with significant increases in the transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes involved anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as PAL, chalcone synthase, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase. The transcript levels were induced for defence-related genes, namely, chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, and pathogenesis-related protein 4, but down-regulated for pathogenesis-related protein 10. Cell walls were seriously degraded in response to L. theobromae infection, as observed under transmission electron microscopy. Accordingly, the transcript levels of genes that encode cell wall–degrading enzymes, such as beta-galactosidase, pectin methylesterase 1, and endo-polygalacturonase, were significantly increased in infected peach shoots.
-
Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China
Plant disease, 2011Co-Authors: Fan Wang, Lina Zhao, Junbin Huang, Tom HsiangAbstract:Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial Gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the Gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D....