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Peter R. Johnston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cones needles and wood micraspis micraspidaceae micraspidales fam et ord nov speciation segregates by host plant tissues
    Fungal systematics and evolution, 2020
    Co-Authors: Luis Quijada, Peter R. Johnston, Joey B Tanney, E S Popov, Donald H Pfister
    Abstract:

    Micraspis acicola was described more than 50 years ago to accommodate a phacidium-like fungus that caused a foliar disease of Picea mariana. After its publication, two more species were added, M. strobilina and M. tetraspora, all of them growing on Pinaceae in the Northern Hemisphere, but each species occupying a unique type of host tissue (needles, cones or wood). Micraspis is considered to be a member of class Leotiomycetes, but was originally placed in Phacidiaceae (Phacidiales), later transferred to Helotiaceae (Helotiales) and recently returned to Phacidiales but in a different family (Tympanidaceae). The genus remains poorly sampled, and hence poorly understood both taxonomically and ecologically. Here, we use morphology, cultures and sequences to provide insights into its systematic position in Leotiomycetes and its ecology. Our results show that the genus should not be included in Tympanidaceae or Phacidiaceae, and support the erection of a new family and order with a unique combination of morphological features supported by molecular data.

  • tricladiaceae fam nov Helotiales leotiomycetes
    Fungal systematics and evolution, 2020
    Co-Authors: Peter R. Johnston, Christiane Baschien
    Abstract:

    To resolve the polyphyletic nature of Solenopeziaceae as it was originally circumscribed, we establish a new family Tricladiaceae for those genera originally placed in Solenopeziaceae that have aquatic hyphomycete-like asexual morphs and/or a sexual morph with glabrous apothecia. These include Cudoniella, Geniculospora, Graddonia, Halenospora, Mycofalcella, Spirosphaera, and Tricladium. Solenopeziaceae is confined to the genera Lasiobelonium, Solenopezia, Trichopeziza, and Trichopezizella, all of which have a sexual morph having apothecia with smooth-walled hairs. This taxonomy is supported by a multi-gene analysis using up to 15 genes, with a few of the taxa placed on the basis of a separate ITS phylogeny. Tricladiaceae forms a monophyletic clade with a basal sister relationship to Pleuroascaceae plus Helotiaceae; Solenopeziaceae forms a monophyletic clade with a basal sister relationship to Lachnaceae.

  • vibrisseaceous fungi from the southern hemisphere including chlorovibrissea chilensis Helotiales incertaesedis sp nov
    Mycologia, 2014
    Co-Authors: Pablo Sandovalleiva, Andrea Irene Romero, Duckchul Park, Cecilia Cristina Carmaran, Peter R. Johnston
    Abstract:

    The discovery of Chlorovibrissea chilensis sp. nov.expands the distribution of Chlorovibrissea from Australasia to include South America. C. chilensis, phylogenetically distinct from other species in the genus, is also characterized morphologically by its ascoma with emerald green stalk and pale orange-brown head, budding paraphyses and 5-6-septate ascospores. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the Australasian species Vibrisseaalbofusca is recombined in Chlorovibrissea, despite the fact it lacks the distinctive green pigmentation of other species in this genus. In addition, the genus Vibrissea in a strict phylogenetic sense is confirmed from the southern hemisphere for the first time; Vibrissea truncorum is reported from Chile and V. flavovirens from New Zealand.

  • chlorociboria fungi Helotiales in new zealand
    New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2005
    Co-Authors: Peter R. Johnston, Duckchul Park
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fifteen species of Chlorociboria are reported for New Zealand, including 13 new species and one new subspecies. All occur on decorticated wood and all are associated with blue‐green staining of that wood. Some species are consistently associated with soft, rotten wood, while others are consistently associated with fallen wood that remains hard and appears more or less intact. The range of morphological variation accepted in the genus is broader than has previously been described, especially with respect to ascospore size and shape. Two of the species have filiform ascospores that coil on release from the asci. Species are distinguished on the basis of variation in ascospore size and shape, the presence or absence of either smooth‐walled or rough‐walled tomentum hyphae, and on macroscopic appearance. The validity of the generic and species concepts was tested using rDNA ITS sequences. Of species previously reported for New Zealand, only C. argentinensis is accepted.

  • hispidula gen nov Helotiales hyaloscyphaceae in australia and new zealand
    New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2003
    Co-Authors: Peter R. Johnston
    Abstract:

    Abstract Five species are described in the new discomycete genus Hispidula. The genus is characterised by very long excipular hairs (the walls of which are dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent) aggregated into large, tapering, tooth‐like appendages, and a two‐layered ectal excipulum. The outer layer of the ectal excipulum is confined to the lower half of the receptacle and comprises angular to brick‐shaped cells with thickened, gelatinous walls, in rows at a high angle to the surface of the receptacle. The inner layer extends to the edge of the disc, and its cylindric to long‐cylindric cells also have thickened, gelatinous walls. The presence of dextrinoid excipular hairs suggests a relationship with genera such as Hyalopeziza and Unguicularia. The genus is known only from Australia and New Zealand, three species from Dracophyllum (Epacridaceae), one from tree ferns (described previously as Cyathicula dicksoniae), and one from Acmena (Myrtaceae).

John W.g. Cairney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identical genotypes of an ericoid mycorrhiza forming fungus occur in roots of epacris pulchella ericaceae and leptospermum polygalifolium myrtaceae in an australian sclerophyll forest
    FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Nathalie J. A. Curlevski, Susan M. Chambers, Ian C Anderson, John W.g. Cairney
    Abstract:

    Assemblages of fungi associated with roots of cooccurring Epacris pulchella (Ericaceae) and Leptospermum polygalifolium (Myrtaceae) seedlings at a sclerophyll forest site in New South Wales, Australia, were investigated by direct DNA extraction and analysis of rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) products by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses. While ordination of the DGGE data suggested that the assemblages did not differ significantly between the two plant taxa, T-RFLP data provided marginal statistical support for the presence of different assemblages. Fungi isolated from roots of both plants were identified by ITS sequence comparisons largely as ascomycetes, several of which had close sequence identity to Helotiales ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi. One isolate morphotype from E. pulchella had close sequence similarity to ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Cenococcum geophilum complex, and neighbour-joining analysis grouped this strongly with other Australian C. geophilum-like sequences. Distribution of genotypes of an ERM Helotiales ascomycete in root systems of the two plant taxa was also investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR. Nineteen ISSR genotypes were identified, two of which were present in roots of both plant taxa. The results are discussed in the context of potential mycelial connections between Ericaceae and non-Ericaceae plants.

  • Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are common root inhabitants of non-Ericaceae plants in a south-eastern Australian sclerophyll forest.
    FEMS microbiology ecology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Susan M. Chambers, Nathalie J. A. Curlevski, John W.g. Cairney
    Abstract:

    Fungi were isolated from the roots of 17 plant species from the families Apiaceae, Cunoniaceae, Cyperaceae, Droseraceae, Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Lomandraceae, Myrtaceae, Pittosporaceae, Proteaceae and Stylidiaceae at a sclerophyll forest site in New South Wales, Australia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence comparisons indicated that the isolated fungi had affinities to a range of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes. Four RFLP types had closest affinities to previously identified Helotiales ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) or Oidiodendron spp. Isolates representing six RFLP types, which were variously isolated from all 17 plant species, formed ERM coils in hair root epidermal cells of Woollsia pungens (Ericaceae) under gnotobiotic conditions. Three of these isolates formed intercellular hyphae, intracellular hyphae and/or microsclerotia, which are typical of dark septate endophyte infection, in roots of Stylidium productum (Stylidiaceae), indicating an ability to form different types of association with roots of different hosts. Overall the data indicate that a broad range of plant taxa may act as repositories for ERM fungi in sclerophyll forest soil.

Tsuyoshi Hosoya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogeography of post pleistocene population expansion in dasyscyphella longistipitata leotiomycetes Helotiales an endemic fungal symbiont of fagus crenata in japan
    MycoKeys, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jaime Gascapineda, Patricia Velez, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
    Abstract:

    During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), drastic environmental changes modified the topology of the Japanese Archipelago, impacting species distributions. An example is Fagus crenata, which has a present continuous distribution throughout Japan. However, by the end of the LGM it was restricted to southern refugia. Similarly, Dasyscyphella longistipitata (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Lachnaceae) occurs strictly on cupules of F. crenata, sharing currently an identical distribution. As the effects of the LGM remain poorly understood for saprobiotic microfungal species, herein we identified past structuring forces that shaped the current genetic diversity within D. longistipitata in relation to its host using a phylogeographic approach. We inferred present and past potential distributions through species distribution modeling, identifying environmental suitability areas in mid-southern Japan from which subsequent colonizations occurred. Our findings suggest that current high genetic diversity and lack of genetic structure within D. longistipitata are the result of recent multiple re-colonization events after the LGM.

  • three new species of incrucipulum lachnaceae Helotiales ascomycota from japan
    Phytotaxa, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yukito Tochihara, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
    Abstract:

    Three new species of Incrucipulum were described from Japan: I. foliicola and I. pseudosulphurellum on Myrica gale subsp. tomentosa and I. hakonechloae-macrae on Hakonechloa macra . Disposition to Incrucipulum was justified by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-5.8S, LSU and RPB2 regions, and monophyly of Incrucipulum was also confirmed. Some apomorphic characters of Incrucipulum were identified. By addition of three new species, the genus Incrucipulum now contains 13 species.

  • detection of a root associated group of hyaloscyphaceae Helotiales species that commonly colonizes fagaceae roots and description of three new species in genus glutinomyces
    Mycoscience, 2018
    Co-Authors: Noritaka Nakamura, Chihiro Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Yuko Takeuchikaneko
    Abstract:

    Abstract We used a culture-dependent approach to investigate root-associated fungal communities in Fagaceae roots at four fagaceous species-dominant forests in Japan. In total 1029 isolates were collected and classified, based on colony morphological features and molecular information. Species of order Helotiales (Ascomycota) were dominantly isolated at all four sites, in which a globally-distributed putative endophytic group in Hyaloscyphaceae predominated. This group of fungi was morphologically and phylogenetically investigated using these isolates as well as additional isolates collected from 8 different sites in Japan. Among the Hyaloscyphaceae, Glutinomyces species were frequently detected, and three novel species, G. inflatus, G. vulgaris, and G. takaragaikensis spp. nov. were identified and described according to their morphology and genealogical concordance.

  • Taxonomic re-evaluation of the genus Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and allied stroma-forming fungi
    Mycological Progress, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yan-jie Zhao, Kentaro Hosaka, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
    Abstract:

    The genus Lambertella is currently considered to be one of the largest genera in the family Rutstroemiaceae, and its major distinguishing character is the pigmentation of ascospores, besides a substratal stroma. Although Lambertella appears to be well-defined by morphological characters, its phylogenetic heterogeneity has been suggested in earlier studies. To circumscribe the genus more precisely, morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis was conducted on some Lambertella species and some allied stroma-forming fungi. In total, 58 taxa were included in the study, including 16 species with both a substratal stroma and pigmented ascospores. The polyphyly of Lambertella sensu lato was confirmed based on the phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and RPB2 regions. A highly supported clade is composed of five Lambertella species, including the type L. corni - maris . Morphologically, all species here included in Lambertella s. s . have brown ascospores prior to being discharged from asci, whereas in other species currently placed in Lambertella , but now excluded from the genus, they turn brown only after discharge. This clade was defined as Lambertella sensu stricto . Pigmentation of the ascospores was also recognized in Lanzia and Poculum , and even in the helotiaceous genus Hymenoscyphus , but always only after discharge. The convergent evolution of a dark substratal stroma in Rutstroemiaceae and Helotiaceae was also indicated.

  • phylogenetic reassessment of hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato Helotiales leotiomycetes based on multigene analyses
    Fungal Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jae Gu Han, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Giho Sung, Hyeon Dong Shin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hyaloscyphaceae is the largest family in Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. It is mainly characterized by minute apothecia with well-differentiated hairs, but its taxonomic delimitation and infrafamilial classification remain ambiguous. This study performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using multiple genes including the ITS-5.8S rDNA, the D1–D2 region of large subunit of rDNA, RNA polymerase II subunit 2, and the mitochondrial small subunit. The primary objective was to evaluate the phylogenetic utility of morphological characters traditionally used in the taxonomy of Hyaloscyphaceae through reassessment of the monophyly of this family and its genera. The phylogenetic analyses inferred Hyaloscyphaceae as being a heterogeneous assemblage of a diverse group of fungi and not supported as monophyletic. Among the three tribes of Hyaloscyphaceae only Lachneae formed a monophyletic lineage. The presence of hairs is rejected as a synapomorphy, since morphologically diversified hairs have originated independently during the evolution of Helotiales. The true- and false-subiculum in Arachnopezizeae are hypothesized to have evolved through different evolutionary processes; the true-subiculum is likely the product of a single evolutionary origin, while the false-subiculum is hypothesized to have originated multiple times. Since Hyaloscyphaceae sensu lato was not resolved as monophyletic, Hyaloscyphaceae sensu stricto is redefined and only applied to the genus Hyaloscypha.

Danny Haelewaters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • annabella australiensis gen sp nov Helotiales cordieritidaceae from south australian mangroves
    Mycological Progress, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sally C Fryar, Danny Haelewaters, David E A Catcheside
    Abstract:

    A new genus of helotialean fungi, Annabella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae), is described to accommodate Annabella australiensis sp. nov. This species was collected on attached decaying wood of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species found in protected waters of southern Australia. Annabella is distinctive among Cordieritidaceae in having relatively small perithecioid hyaline to yellowish apothecia and by the absence of an ionomidotic reaction. The apothecial shape and size of Annabella is most similar to Skyttea. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of three ribosomal nuclear loci confirms the placement of Annabella within Cordieritidaceae, as a sister clade to Skyttea.

  • ITS+LSU consensus tree of Helotiales
    2019
    Co-Authors: Danny Haelewaters
    Abstract:

    This is the consensus tree resulting from Maximum Likelihood inference of the ITS+LSU sequence dataset of Helotiales carried out using IQ-tree under partitioned models (GTR+I+G for ITS, TIM3+I+G for LSU) and ultrafast bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. -- Annabella australiensis gen. & sp. nov. (Helotiales, Cordieritidaceae) from South Australian mangroves Sally C. Fryar, Danny Haelewaters and David E.A. Catcheside Abstract: A new genus of helotialean fungi, Annabella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae), is described to accommodate Annabella australiensis sp. nov. This species was collected on attached decaying wood of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species found in protected waters of southern Australia. Annabella is distinctive among Cordieritidaceae in having relatively small perithecioid, hyaline to yellowish apothecia and by the absence of an ionomidotic reaction. The apothecial shape and size of Annabella is most similar to Skyttea. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of three ribosomal nuclear loci confirms the placement of Annabella within Cordieritidaceae, as a sister clade to Skyttea.

  • ITS+LSU consensus tree of Helotiales
    2019
    Co-Authors: Danny Haelewaters
    Abstract:

    This is the consensus tree resulting from Maximum Likelihood inference of the ITS+LSU sequence dataset of Helotiales carried out using IQ-tree under partitioned models (GTR+I+G for ITS, TIM3+I+G for LSU) and ultrafast bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. --Annabella australiensis gen. & sp. nov. (Helotiales, Cordieritidaceae) from South Australian mangroves Authors: Sally C. Fryar1, Danny Haelewaters2,3 and David E.A. Catcheside1 1College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 3Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Abstract A new genus of helotialean fungi, Annabella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae), is described to accommodate Annabella australiensis sp. nov. This species was collected on attached decaying wood of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species found in protected waters of southern Australia. Annabella is distinctive among Cordieritidaceae in having relatively small perithecioid, hyaline to yellowish apothecia and by the absence of an ionomidotic reaction. The apothecial shape and size of Annabella is most similar to Skyttea. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of three ribosomal nuclear loci confirms the placement of Annabella within Cordieritidaceae, as a sister clade to Skyttea.

  • ITS+LSU sequence dataset of Helotiales
    2019
    Co-Authors: Danny Haelewaters
    Abstract:

    This is a crude aligned and concatenated ITS+LSU rDNA dataset of Helotiales. Taxonomic sampling covers 25 families (Arachnopezizaceae, Calloriaceae, Cenangiaceae, Chaetomellaceae, Chlorociboriaceae, Cordieritidaceae, Dermateaceae, Drepanopezizaceae, Gelatinodiscaceae, Godroniaceae, Helotiaceae, Heterosphaeriaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Lachnaceae, Leptodontidiaceae, Loramycetaceae, Mitrulaceae, Mollisiaceae, Pezizellaceae, Ploettnerulaceae, Roesleriaceae, Rutstroemiaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Vibrisseaceae) and a number of taxa without clear affinities.-- Annabella australiensis gen. & sp. nov. (Helotiales, Cordieritidaceae) from South Australian mangroves Authors: Sally C. Fryar1, Danny Haelewaters2,3 and David E.A. Catcheside1 1College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 3Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Abstract: A new genus of helotialean fungi, Annabella gen. nov. (Cordieritidaceae), is described to accommodate Annabella australiensis sp. nov. This species was collected on attached decaying wood of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species found in protected waters of southern Australia. Annabella is distinctive among Cordieritidaceae in having relatively small perithecioid, hyaline to yellowish apothecia and by the absence of an ionomidotic reaction. The apothecial shape and size of Annabella is most similar to Skyttea. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of three ribosomal nuclear loci confirms the placement of Annabella within Cordieritidaceae, as a sister clade to Skyttea.

Ari Jumpponen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Analysis of ribosomal RNA indicates seasonal fungal community dynamics in Andropogon gerardii roots
    Mycorrhiza, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ari Jumpponen
    Abstract:

    Use of the reverse-transcribed small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was tested for exploring seasonal dynamics of fungal communities associated with the roots of the dominant tallgrass prairie grass, Andropogon gerardii . Ribosomal RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, and PCR-amplified in four sampling events in May, July, September, and November. Analyses of cloned PCR amplicons indicated that the A. gerardii rhizospheres host phylogenetically diverse fungal communities and that these communities are seasonally dynamic. Operational taxonomic units with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool affinities within the order Helotiales were dominant in the rhizosphere in May. These putative saprobes were largely replaced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with likely affinities within Glomerales suggesting that the fungal communities are not only compositionally but also functionally dynamic. These data suggest replacement of functional guilds comprised of saprobic fungi by mutualistic fungi in the course of a growing season.

  • diverse Helotiales associated with the roots of three species of arctic ericaceae provide no evidence for host specificity
    New Phytologist, 2011
    Co-Authors: John F Walker, Laura Aldrichwolfe, Amanda Riffel, Holly Barbare, Nicholas B Simpson, Justin Trowbridge, Ari Jumpponen
    Abstract:

    Summary •Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi differ in their abilities to use nitrogen sources and may be integral to maintaining fungal and plant diversity in ecosystems in which Ericaceae occur. In this study, we tested whether the fungal communities differ among three species of co-occurring Ericaceae. •Fungi colonizing Cassiope tetragona, Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea roots in the Arctic tundra were characterized via culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. The cultured fungi were tested for their ability to colonize Vaccinium uliginosum in laboratory-based assays. •The pure-cultured Helotiales were grouped into eight clades and dominated by the Phialocephala–Acephala complex. Representatives of these clades, plus an unknown basidiomycete with affinity to the genus Irpex (Polyporales), colonized V. uliginosum intracellularly. The Helotiales detected by direct PCR, cloning and sequencing were assigned to 14 clades and dominated by members of the Rhizoscyphus ericae complex. Ordination analyses indicated that culture-dependent and culture-independent assays provided distinct views of root fungal communities, but no evidence for host specificity. •These data suggest that ericaceous roots host diverse fungal communities dominated by the Helotiales. However, these fungal communities are unlikely to be controlled by fungal host preferences. The mechanisms maintaining high diversity in root-symbiotic communities remain to be elucidated.