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Petr Pyšek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nejstarsi nalezy bolsevniku velkolepeho Heracleum Mantegazzianum v cechach
2020Co-Authors: Jiři Danihelka, Lajos Somlyay, Petr PyšekAbstract:V herbaři Maďarskeho přirodovědneho muzea (BP) byl objeven herbařový doklad bolsevniku velkolepeho (Heracleum Mantegazzianum), který pořidil v roce 1871 při lecebnem pobytu v Teplicich v Cechach Lajos Haynald, kalocský arcibiskup a významný mecenas kultury, vědy a vzdělani v historických Uhrach. Sběr pochazi pravděpodobně z kultury. Nejstarsi dosud znamý sběr bolsevniku velkolepeho pochazi z roku 1877; je to sběr zplaněle rostliny z blizkosti Marianských Lazni. Haynaldův sběr z Teplic tak představuje nejstarsi fyzický doklad o přitomnosti tohoto druhu v Cechach. Při analýze starsich floristických praci se ukazalo, že datace intrudukce, přip. zplaněni bolsevniku velkolepeho v zameckem parku v Kynžvartě nad Ohři rokem 1862 je nespravna a je založena na chybně interpretovanem udaji o výskytu jedne morfologických variant domaciho bolsevniku obecneho (H. sphondylium) na okraji Marianských Lazni. Podle textů na internetu se dostal bolsevnik velkolepý do Cech už v roce 1815, a to jako dar ruskeho cara Alexandra I. knižeti Metternichovi během Videňskeho kongresu. Tento udaj se nam vsak nepodařilo ověřit v tistěných pramenech.
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Long-term impact of Heracleum Mantegazzianum invasion on soil chemical and biological characteristics
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Kateřina Jandová, Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Jana Müllerová, Tomáš Cajthaml, Tereza Klinerová, Petr DostálAbstract:Abstract Exotic plant invasions often change ecosystem properties with subsequent impacts on the structure of invaded communities. Despite an increasing knowledge of post-invasion ecosystem changes, these modifications are only rarely studied within the temporal context of ongoing invasions. In this study we investigated 19 soil chemical and biological characteristics, as well as light conditions, in uninvaded grassland sites and compared them with those from sites invaded by giant hogweed ( Heracleum Mantegazzianum ) for different times (from 11 to 48 years). We further related variation in these soil and light characteristics to richness and productivity of native plant species and hogweed cover measured in the field, and to common-garden performance of hogweed grown in soil inocula from the same sites. Hogweed presence significantly reduced red/far-red light ratios but increased soil pH. Longer invasion history was associated with increasing soil conductivity and content of extractable phosphorus. There were also parameters that displayed opposite trends in different periods of invasion such as fungal/bacterial ratios or relative amount of photosynthetically active radiation (ΔPAR). These parameters initially increased (fungal/bacterial ratio) or decreased (ΔPAR), but after reaching a certain breakpoint they tended to return to pre-invasion conditions. Differences in native species richness were best correlated with light availability and soil pH, and productivity with composition of soil microbial communities. Differences in hogweed cover were associated with soil pH and conductivity. The variation in hogweed performance in a common garden was related to the composition of soil microbial communities, soil conductivity and light availability of sites from which soil inocula were collected. This study documents that ecosystem properties can be altered not only by an invasion event but are further modified as the invasion proceeds. These ecosystem changes likely underlie long-term impacts of invasive plants on native communities.
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Remote sensing as a tool for monitoring plant invasions: Testing the effects of data resolution and image classification approach on the detection of a model plant species Heracleum Mantegazzianum (giant hogweed)
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2013Co-Authors: Jana Müllerová, Jan Pergl, Petr PyšekAbstract:a b s t r a c t Plant invasions represent a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning but also to the char- acter of traditional landscapes. Despite the worldwide efforts to control and eradicate invasive species, their menace grows. New techniques enabling fast and precise monitoring and providing information on spatial structure of invasions are needed for efficient management strategies to be implemented. We present remote sensing assessment of a noxious invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) that integrates different data sources, spatial and spectral resolutions, and image processing techniques. Panchromatic, multispectral and color very high spatial resolution (VHR) aerial photography (1947-2006, resolution 0.5 m), and medium spatial resolution satellite data (Rapid Eye 2010, resolution 5 m) were analyzed to assess their potential for hogweed monitoring by using pixel- (both supervised and unsupervised) and object-based image analysis (OBIA, automated hierarchical, iterative, and rule-based). Both point and grid based accuracy assessment was carried out. Described methods of object-based image analysis of VHR data enabled monitoring of hogweed at high classification accuracies measured by vari- ous means, regardless of the spectral resolution of the data provided that the data came from the species
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Comparing the rate of invasion by Heracleum Mantegazzianum at continental, regional, and local scales
Diversity and Distributions, 2007Co-Authors: Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Vojtech Jarosik, Jana Müllerová, Jan WildAbstract:This paper compares the rate of invasion of Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae), a Caucasian species invading Europe, at three spatial scales (continental, regional, and local). The rate of invasion was evaluated using inclusion curves, by plotting the cumulative number of invaded countries against time on the continental scale of Europe, number of occupied grid cells at the regional scale of the Czech Republic, and invaded area inferred from a series of aerial photographs taken at the local scale over a period of 49 years in the Slavkovk y les region, Czech Republic. Time of 50% inclusion (with 95% confidence intervals, CI) of invaded countries, occupied grid cells, and invaded area was assessed. The invasion was slowest at the continental scale (62 years, CI = 53‐70) and did not differ significantly between regional (16 years, CI = 10‐20) and local (22 years, CI = 19‐24) scales. Our results indicate that there are two different mechanisms of spread acting together in this system, namely human influences and natural spread, and the relative influence of these mechanisms appears to change in an inverse proportion from the largest to the smallest scale. At the local scale, under suitable habitat conditions, the process is driven by biological traits of the species related to dispersal. At the continental and regional scales, humans played a crucial role in the invasion of H. Mantegazzianum by planting it as a garden ornamental. At these scales, human-mediated dispersal seems to have been the major driver of spread, responsible for creating dispersal foci in the initial phases of invasion. Species traits played an important role in local spread, resulting in the colonization of new sites.
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Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum
Biological Invasions, 2006Co-Authors: Petr Pyšek, Lukáš Krinke, Jan Pergl, Irena Perglová, Vojtěch Jarošík, Lenka MoravcováAbstract:Response of the invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum to experimental removal of tissues was studied in the Czech Republic. The study aimed at determining (i) how efficiently plants respond, in terms of quantity and quality of produced fruit, to the removal of different amounts of generative and/or vegetative tissues; and (ii) whether regeneration ability depends on the time of treatment. Total number of fruits and their mean weight were reduced by removal of leaves, but germination percentage and rate of germination did not differ from control. More vigorous individuals compensated for the loss of tissues to a higher degree, and the advantage of being larger increased with severity of the treatment. Of 40 plants with umbels completely removed, 18 (45.0%) regenerated and produced on average 103.4 ± 220.1 (mean ± SD) fruits. Total fruit numbers and total fruit weight of regenerating plants significantly differed neither among treatments nor from the control, but some treatments resulted in poorer germination compared to the control. Umbels removed from plants at the beginning of fruit development and left at the locality produced 18.6% of fruit numbers of control plants, and 24% of these seeds germinated. Control by removing umbels from plants must ensure that they are collected and destroyed. From the management viewpoint, there is a trade-off between later umbel removal, resulting in more efficient reduction in fecundity but necessity to handle more developed fruits, and early treatment, leading to a high regeneration, that produces seed of sufficient quantity and very little affected in terms of quality.
Jan Pergl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed bank of an invasive alien, Heracleum Mantegazzianum, and its seasonal dynamics
2015Co-Authors: Jan PerglAbstract:The seed bank of Heracleum Mantegazzianum, native to the western Caucasus and invasive in Europe, was studied in the Slavkovsky ́ les Protected Landscape Area, the Czech Republic, during the course of two growing seasons. In each of seven study sites with dominating stands of the species, soil samples were taken in October (after the fruit release), April (before germination) and June–July (before the fruit release). Ten samples were taken from each site using a soil hand bore, 4.6 cm in diameter. Seeds elutriated from the samples were immediately germinated in labora-tory conditions (108C, 12 h light/12 h dark); those that germinated during 1 month were considered as non-dormant. Non-germinated but viable seeds, tested for viability by tetrazolium, were considered as dormant. The number of dead seeds was also recorded. The total number of seeds significantly increased with mean density of flowering plants at a site. Of the total variation in seed-bank size, about four-fifths were attributed to that among sites, and one-fifth to that within sites. The number and proportion of living seeds differed significantly between years in summer, but not in autumn and spring. Total number and the numbers of dormant, non-dormant, living and dead seeds significantly differed among the autumn, spring and summer samples. The percentage of living seeds in the total seed bank decreased from 56 % in autumn to 42 % in spring to 15 % in summer. The percentage of non-dormant seeds among those living was 0.3 % in autumn, it increased to 87.5 % in the spring sample, and decreased to 3 % in summer. Pooled across all sites, the average seed numbers (expressed per m2) were 6719 ^ 4119 (mean ^ SD) in autumn
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Long-term impact of Heracleum Mantegazzianum invasion on soil chemical and biological characteristics
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Kateřina Jandová, Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Jana Müllerová, Tomáš Cajthaml, Tereza Klinerová, Petr DostálAbstract:Abstract Exotic plant invasions often change ecosystem properties with subsequent impacts on the structure of invaded communities. Despite an increasing knowledge of post-invasion ecosystem changes, these modifications are only rarely studied within the temporal context of ongoing invasions. In this study we investigated 19 soil chemical and biological characteristics, as well as light conditions, in uninvaded grassland sites and compared them with those from sites invaded by giant hogweed ( Heracleum Mantegazzianum ) for different times (from 11 to 48 years). We further related variation in these soil and light characteristics to richness and productivity of native plant species and hogweed cover measured in the field, and to common-garden performance of hogweed grown in soil inocula from the same sites. Hogweed presence significantly reduced red/far-red light ratios but increased soil pH. Longer invasion history was associated with increasing soil conductivity and content of extractable phosphorus. There were also parameters that displayed opposite trends in different periods of invasion such as fungal/bacterial ratios or relative amount of photosynthetically active radiation (ΔPAR). These parameters initially increased (fungal/bacterial ratio) or decreased (ΔPAR), but after reaching a certain breakpoint they tended to return to pre-invasion conditions. Differences in native species richness were best correlated with light availability and soil pH, and productivity with composition of soil microbial communities. Differences in hogweed cover were associated with soil pH and conductivity. The variation in hogweed performance in a common garden was related to the composition of soil microbial communities, soil conductivity and light availability of sites from which soil inocula were collected. This study documents that ecosystem properties can be altered not only by an invasion event but are further modified as the invasion proceeds. These ecosystem changes likely underlie long-term impacts of invasive plants on native communities.
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Remote sensing as a tool for monitoring plant invasions: Testing the effects of data resolution and image classification approach on the detection of a model plant species Heracleum Mantegazzianum (giant hogweed)
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2013Co-Authors: Jana Müllerová, Jan Pergl, Petr PyšekAbstract:a b s t r a c t Plant invasions represent a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning but also to the char- acter of traditional landscapes. Despite the worldwide efforts to control and eradicate invasive species, their menace grows. New techniques enabling fast and precise monitoring and providing information on spatial structure of invasions are needed for efficient management strategies to be implemented. We present remote sensing assessment of a noxious invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) that integrates different data sources, spatial and spectral resolutions, and image processing techniques. Panchromatic, multispectral and color very high spatial resolution (VHR) aerial photography (1947-2006, resolution 0.5 m), and medium spatial resolution satellite data (Rapid Eye 2010, resolution 5 m) were analyzed to assess their potential for hogweed monitoring by using pixel- (both supervised and unsupervised) and object-based image analysis (OBIA, automated hierarchical, iterative, and rule-based). Both point and grid based accuracy assessment was carried out. Described methods of object-based image analysis of VHR data enabled monitoring of hogweed at high classification accuracies measured by vari- ous means, regardless of the spectral resolution of the data provided that the data came from the species
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Comparing the rate of invasion by Heracleum Mantegazzianum at continental, regional, and local scales
Diversity and Distributions, 2007Co-Authors: Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Vojtech Jarosik, Jana Müllerová, Jan WildAbstract:This paper compares the rate of invasion of Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae), a Caucasian species invading Europe, at three spatial scales (continental, regional, and local). The rate of invasion was evaluated using inclusion curves, by plotting the cumulative number of invaded countries against time on the continental scale of Europe, number of occupied grid cells at the regional scale of the Czech Republic, and invaded area inferred from a series of aerial photographs taken at the local scale over a period of 49 years in the Slavkovk y les region, Czech Republic. Time of 50% inclusion (with 95% confidence intervals, CI) of invaded countries, occupied grid cells, and invaded area was assessed. The invasion was slowest at the continental scale (62 years, CI = 53‐70) and did not differ significantly between regional (16 years, CI = 10‐20) and local (22 years, CI = 19‐24) scales. Our results indicate that there are two different mechanisms of spread acting together in this system, namely human influences and natural spread, and the relative influence of these mechanisms appears to change in an inverse proportion from the largest to the smallest scale. At the local scale, under suitable habitat conditions, the process is driven by biological traits of the species related to dispersal. At the continental and regional scales, humans played a crucial role in the invasion of H. Mantegazzianum by planting it as a garden ornamental. At these scales, human-mediated dispersal seems to have been the major driver of spread, responsible for creating dispersal foci in the initial phases of invasion. Species traits played an important role in local spread, resulting in the colonization of new sites.
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Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum
Biological Invasions, 2006Co-Authors: Petr Pyšek, Lukáš Krinke, Jan Pergl, Irena Perglová, Vojtěch Jarošík, Lenka MoravcováAbstract:Response of the invasive species Heracleum Mantegazzianum to experimental removal of tissues was studied in the Czech Republic. The study aimed at determining (i) how efficiently plants respond, in terms of quantity and quality of produced fruit, to the removal of different amounts of generative and/or vegetative tissues; and (ii) whether regeneration ability depends on the time of treatment. Total number of fruits and their mean weight were reduced by removal of leaves, but germination percentage and rate of germination did not differ from control. More vigorous individuals compensated for the loss of tissues to a higher degree, and the advantage of being larger increased with severity of the treatment. Of 40 plants with umbels completely removed, 18 (45.0%) regenerated and produced on average 103.4 ± 220.1 (mean ± SD) fruits. Total fruit numbers and total fruit weight of regenerating plants significantly differed neither among treatments nor from the control, but some treatments resulted in poorer germination compared to the control. Umbels removed from plants at the beginning of fruit development and left at the locality produced 18.6% of fruit numbers of control plants, and 24% of these seeds germinated. Control by removing umbels from plants must ensure that they are collected and destroyed. From the management viewpoint, there is a trade-off between later umbel removal, resulting in more efficient reduction in fecundity but necessity to handle more developed fruits, and early treatment, leading to a high regeneration, that produces seed of sufficient quantity and very little affected in terms of quality.
Wolfgang Nentwig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Herbivore Impact Versus Host Size Preference: Endophagous Insects on Heracleum Mantegazzianum in Its Native Range
Environmental Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Jan Hattendorf, Steen Hansen, Sergey Ya Reznik, Wolfgang NentwigAbstract:Classical biological control is a practice to control alien invasive weeds, but many introduced biological control agents exhibit only a weak negative impact on their targets. One reason is that prerelease impact studies in the natural environment are often difÞcult to carry out. Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier and Levier (Apiaceae), which is native to the Caucasus, is a perennial noxious weed introduced into Europe and North America. We examined the impact and host size preference of different endophagous insect guilds in the weedOs native range. Instead of the commonly used insect exclosure approach, we estimated plant vigor before and after herbivore attack under natural conditions. Endophagous herbivores were dominated by the weevil speciesLixusiridis Olivier, Nastusfausti Reitter, andOtiorhynchustatarchani Reitter (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the syMelana- gromyza heracleana Zlobin (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and an unidentiÞed root-boring agromyzid sy species. Most observed insect species exhibited a strong preference for either big or small plants, but none of them caused serious damage within the study period. Occurrence of root-feeding weevils was associated with weak plants, but because of their long larval development, it was not possible to assign this relationship clearly to either feeding damage or host size preference. A comparison with other studies indicated that mature H. Mantegazzianum plants are quite tolerant to herbivory. Insects belonging to the feeding guilds studied here will probably not guarantee successful biological control. Further research should focus on earlier stages in the weedOs life cycle.
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phytophagous insects of giant hogweed Heracleum Mantegazzianum apiaceae in invaded areas of europe and in its native area of the caucasus
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Steen Hansen, Jan Hattendorf, Ruediger Wittenberg, Sergey Ya Reznik, Charlotte Marie Bisgaard Nielsen, Hans Peter Ravn, Wolfgang NentwigAbstract:Giant hogweed, Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae), was introduced from the Caucasus into Western Europe more than 150 years ago and later became an invasive weed which created major problems for European authorities. Phytophagous insects were collected in the native range of the giant hogweed (Caucasus) and were compared to those found on plants in the invaded parts of Europe. The list of herbivores was compiled from surveys of 27 localities in nine countries during two seasons. In addition, litera- ture records for herbivores were analysed for a total of 16 Heracleum species. We recorded a total of 265 herbivorous insects on Heracleum species and we analysed them to describe the herbivore assemblages, locate vacant niches, and identify the most host- specific herbivores on H. Mantegazzianum. When combining our investigations with similar studies of herbivores on other invasive weeds, all studies show a higher proportion of specialist herbivores in the native habitats compared to the invaded areas, supporting the "enemy release hypothesis" (ERH). When analysing the relative size of the niches (measured as plant organ biomass), we found less herbivore species per biomass on the stem and roots, and more on the leaves (Fig. 5). Most herbivores were polyphagous gener- alists, some were found to be oligophagous (feeding within the same family of host plants) and a few had only Heracleum species as host plants (monophagous). None were known to feed exclusively on H. Mantegazzianum. The oligophagous herbivores were restricted to a few taxonomic groups, especially within the Hemiptera, and were particularly abundant on this weed.
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Seed germination, dispersal and seed bank in Heracleum Mantegazzianum.
Ecology and management of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), 1Co-Authors: Lenka Moravcová, Wolfgang Nentwig, Petr Pyšek, Lukáš Krinke, Jan Pergl, Irena Perglová, K. Thompson, Matthew J.w. Cock, Hans Peter RavnAbstract:Since reproduction of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier is exclusively by seed (Tiley et al., 1996; Moravcova et al., 2005; Krinke et al., 2005), a detailed knowledge of its seed ecology is crucial for understanding this species’ invasive behaviour. This chapter summarizes available information on seed dormancy, pattern of germination, seed bank formation and dynamics, as well as the first solid data on the longevity of seed in the soil. Heracleum Mantegazzianum has oval-elliptical broadly winged mericarps which are connected into pairs by carpophore (Fig. 5.1A) and split when mature (Holub, 1997). The mericarps are 6–18 mm long and 4–10 mm wide, and each contains one seed. The embryo is rudimentary (Martin, 1946) and surrounded by oily endosperm. Mature fruits have a strong resinous smell (Tiley et al., 1996). For simplicity the unit of generative reproduction and dispersal is termed ‘fruit’ throughout this chapter rather than the morphologically correct ‘mericarp’, and the term ‘seed’ is used when referring to germination.
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Reproductive ecology of Heracleum Mantegazzianum.
Ecology and management of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), 1Co-Authors: Irena Perglová, Wolfgang Nentwig, Petr Pyšek, Jan Pergl, Matthew J.w. Cock, Hans Peter RavnAbstract:Reproduction is the most important event in a plant’s life cycle (Crawley, 1997). This is especially true for monocarpic plants, which reproduce only once in their lifetime, as is the case of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. This species reproduces only by seed; reproduction by vegetative means has never been observed. As in other Apiaceae, H. Mantegazzianum has unspecialized flowers, which are promiscuously pollinated by unspecialized pollinators. Many small, closely spaced flowers with exposed nectar make each insect visitor to the inflorescence a potential and probable pollinator (Bell, 1971). A list of insect taxa sampled on H. Mantegazzianum (Grace and Nelson, 1981) shows that Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera are the most frequent visitors. Heracleum Mantegazzianum has an andromonoecious sex habit, as has almost half of British Apiaceae (Lovett-Doust and Lovett-Doust, 1982); together with perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers, umbels bear a variable proportion of male (staminate) flowers. The species is considered to be self-compatible, which is a typical feature of Apiaceae (Bell, 1971), and protandrous (Grace and Nelson, 1981; Perglova et al., 2006). Protandry is a temporal separation of male and female flowering phases, when stigmas become receptive after the dehiscence of anthers. It is common in umbellifers. Where dichogamy is known, 40% of umbellifers are usually protandrous, compared to only about 11% of all dicotyledons (Lovett-Doust and Lovett-Doust, 1982). Although protandry has traditionally been considered to be a mechanism of avoiding or reducing selfing, it is itself unlikely to guarantee outcrossing. However, when it is strongly developed, the male and female phases of a plant may be completely separated in time so that outcrossing is assured (Webb, 1981; Snow and Grove, 1995).
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Population dynamics of Heracleum Mantegazzianum.
Ecology and management of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), 1Co-Authors: Jan Pergl, Wolfgang Nentwig, Petr Pyšek, Irena Perglová, Matthew J.w. Cock, Annette Otte, J. Hüls, R. L. Eckstein, Hans Peter RavnAbstract:The aim of this chapter is to summarize existing knowledge on the dynamics of populations of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier in regions where it is an invasive species, with particular emphasis on survival, growth and reproduction. The data come from populations studied in the Czech Republic and Germany. Unfortunately, corresponding information on the population biology of H. Mantegazzianum in its native distribution range in the Western Greater Caucasus is still incomplete, because population studies require long-term observations in a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions. Nevertheless, there is some information on the population biology of H. Mantegazzianum in its native range, which can be compared with corresponding data from the invaded range, such as population age structure, which is a crucial characteristic of monocarpic plants (Pergl et al., 2006). Because population dynamics involve a variety of processes, this chapter is presented in sections dealing with seedling dynamics, relative growth rate of seedlings, population stage structure and mortality, analysis of life tables and effects of stand structure on population dynamics. Implications of these results for the long-term population dynamics are outlined. Together with other biological characteristics, which affect the population dynamics of H. Mantegazzianum and are dealt with elsewhere (seed bank – Moravcova et al., Chapter 5, this volume; Krinke et al., 2005; reproductive biology – Moravcova et al., 2005 and Chapter 5, this volume; timing of flowering – Perglova et al., 2006 and Chapter 4, this volume), this provides the most complete picture of the population dynamics of this species. Knowledge of the population biology of H. Mantegazzianum will: (i) provide insights into spread
Magdalena Walasek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biological activity and safety profile of the essential oil from fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum sommier levier apiaceae
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Krystyna Skalickawoźniak, Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Jarosław Widelski, Barbara Rajtar, łukasz świątek, Malgorzata Polzdacewicz, Hosam O. ElansaryAbstract:A composition of essential oils obtained from Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) was examined using a GC-MS method. n-Octyl acetate (19.92%), n-hexyl-2-methylbutanoate (10.84%), n-octanol (10.13%), n-octyl butanoate (8.88%), n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate (8.01%), n-hexyl acetate (7.11%), n-octyl isobutanoate (5.5%) and n-hexyl isobutanoate (5.43%) were the main compounds. The high-performance counter-current chromatography was applied for purification of aliphatic alcohols and esters. A mixture of n-hexane, acetonitrile and tetr-butyl methyl ether (1:1:0.1, v/v) allowed to obtain n-octanol, n-octyl acetate, n-hexyl-2- methylbutanoate, n-octyl isobutanoate and n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate, with the purity range of 94-99%, in one single 74 min run. The antimicrobial activity was also determined against plant and foodborne pathogens. While n-octanol shares responsibility for the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, n-octyl acetate determines its antifungal action. The cytotoxic activity assessed on two normal kidney fibroblast cell lines: Vero (animal) and HEK-293 (human embryonic), and two human cancer cell lines: FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx) and SCC25 (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue), showed a moderate cytotoxicity with CC50 values ranging from 262.3 to 567.8 μg/mL. Results indicate that normal cell lines were more sensitive to the tested essential oil than cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity of oil and pure compounds was not significant.
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Biological activity and safety profile of the essential oil from fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae).
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2017Co-Authors: Krystyna Skalicka-woźniak, Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Łukasz Świątek, Jarosław Widelski, Barbara Rajtar, Małgorzata Polz-dacewicz, Hosam O. ElansaryAbstract:A composition of essential oils obtained from Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) was examined using a GC-MS method. n-Octyl acetate (19.92%), n-hexyl-2-methylbutanoate (10.84%), n-octanol (10.13%), n-octyl butanoate (8.88%), n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate (8.01%), n-hexyl acetate (7.11%), n-octyl isobutanoate (5.5%) and n-hexyl isobutanoate (5.43%) were the main compounds. The high-performance counter-current chromatography was applied for purification of aliphatic alcohols and esters. A mixture of n-hexane, acetonitrile and tetr-butyl methyl ether (1:1:0.1, v/v) allowed to obtain n-octanol, n-octyl acetate, n-hexyl-2- methylbutanoate, n-octyl isobutanoate and n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate, with the purity range of 94-99%, in one single 74 min run. The antimicrobial activity was also determined against plant and foodborne pathogens. While n-octanol shares responsibility for the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, n-octyl acetate determines its antifungal action. The cytotoxic activity assessed on two normal kidney fibroblast cell lines: Vero (animal) and HEK-293 (human embryonic), and two human cancer cell lines: FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx) and SCC25 (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue), showed a moderate cytotoxicity with CC50 values ranging from 262.3 to 567.8 μg/mL. Results indicate that normal cell lines were more sensitive to the tested essential oil than cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity of oil and pure compounds was not significant.
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bioactivity guided isolation of antimicrobial coumarins from Heracleum Mantegazzianum sommier levier apiaceae fruits by high performance counter current chromatography
Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Krystyna SkalickawoźniakAbstract:Abstract An efficient strategy, based on bioassay-guided fractionation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC), was established to purify and evaluate the bioactive compounds from the dichloromethane extract of the fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae). The quaternary solvent system n -heptane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (6:5:6:5 v/v) was used in the reversed phase mode. Using this method, in a single run, seven fractions were isolated, among them three were the pure furanocoumarins: pimpinellin, imperatorin, and phellopterin. In order to purify xanthotoxin a more polar system (1:1:1:1 v/v) was further applied. The antimicrobial activity of extract, chromatographic fractions, and single compounds were in the range of MIC = 0.03–1 mg mL −1 . Xanthotoxin may have priority as a compound of further interest based on its antimicrobial activity. For the first time, an extensive antimicrobial study was performed for pimpinellin and phellopterin.
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Bioactivity-guided isolation of antimicrobial coumarins from Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae) fruits by high-performance counter-current chromatography.
Food chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Krystyna Skalicka-woźniakAbstract:An efficient strategy, based on bioassay-guided fractionation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC), was established to purify and evaluate the bioactive compounds from the dichloromethane extract of the fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae). The quaternary solvent system n-heptane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (6:5:6:5 v/v) was used in the reversed phase mode. Using this method, in a single run, seven fractions were isolated, among them three were the pure furanocoumarins: pimpinellin, imperatorin, and phellopterin. In order to purify xanthotoxin a more polar system (1:1:1:1 v/v) was further applied. The antimicrobial activity of extract, chromatographic fractions, and single compounds were in the range of MIC = 0.03-1 mg mL(-1). Xanthotoxin may have priority as a compound of further interest based on its antimicrobial activity. For the first time, an extensive antimicrobial study was performed for pimpinellin and phellopterin.
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biological activity and safety profile of the essential oil from fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum sommier levier apiaceae
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Krystyna Skalickawoźniak, Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Jarosław Widelski, Barbara Rajtar, łukasz świątek, Malgorzata Polzdacewicz, Hosam O. ElansaryAbstract:A composition of essential oils obtained from Heracleum Mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) was examined using a GC-MS method. n-Octyl acetate (19.92%), n-hexyl-2-methylbutanoate (10.84%), n-octanol (10.13%), n-octyl butanoate (8.88%), n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate (8.01%), n-hexyl acetate (7.11%), n-octyl isobutanoate (5.5%) and n-hexyl isobutanoate (5.43%) were the main compounds. The high-performance counter-current chromatography was applied for purification of aliphatic alcohols and esters. A mixture of n-hexane, acetonitrile and tetr-butyl methyl ether (1:1:0.1, v/v) allowed to obtain n-octanol, n-octyl acetate, n-hexyl-2- methylbutanoate, n-octyl isobutanoate and n-octyl-2-methylbutanoate, with the purity range of 94-99%, in one single 74 min run. The antimicrobial activity was also determined against plant and foodborne pathogens. While n-octanol shares responsibility for the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, n-octyl acetate determines its antifungal action. The cytotoxic activity assessed on two normal kidney fibroblast cell lines: Vero (animal) and HEK-293 (human embryonic), and two human cancer cell lines: FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx) and SCC25 (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue), showed a moderate cytotoxicity with CC50 values ranging from 262.3 to 567.8 μg/mL. Results indicate that normal cell lines were more sensitive to the tested essential oil than cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity of oil and pure compounds was not significant.
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bioactivity guided isolation of antimicrobial coumarins from Heracleum Mantegazzianum sommier levier apiaceae fruits by high performance counter current chromatography
Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Magdalena Walasek, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Malm, Krystyna SkalickawoźniakAbstract:Abstract An efficient strategy, based on bioassay-guided fractionation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC), was established to purify and evaluate the bioactive compounds from the dichloromethane extract of the fruits of Heracleum Mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae). The quaternary solvent system n -heptane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (6:5:6:5 v/v) was used in the reversed phase mode. Using this method, in a single run, seven fractions were isolated, among them three were the pure furanocoumarins: pimpinellin, imperatorin, and phellopterin. In order to purify xanthotoxin a more polar system (1:1:1:1 v/v) was further applied. The antimicrobial activity of extract, chromatographic fractions, and single compounds were in the range of MIC = 0.03–1 mg mL −1 . Xanthotoxin may have priority as a compound of further interest based on its antimicrobial activity. For the first time, an extensive antimicrobial study was performed for pimpinellin and phellopterin.