The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kowtong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
hand foot and mouth disease and Herpangina caused by enterovirus a71 infections a review of enterovirus a71 molecular epidemiology pathogenesis and current vaccine development
Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo, 2018Co-Authors: Yukang Chang, Kouhuang Chen, Kowtong ChenAbstract:Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections are one of the main etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and Herpangina worldwide. EV-A71 infection is a life-threatening communicable disease and there is an urgent global need for the development of vaccines for its prevention and control. The morbidity rate of EV-A71 infection differs between countries. The pathogen's genetic lineages are undergoing rapid evolutionary changes. An association between the occurrence of EV-A71 infection and the circulation of different genetic strains of EV-A71 virus has been identified around the world. In this review, we present and discuss the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of the human disease caused by EV-A71 infection, as well as current prospects for the development of an EV-A71 vaccine.
-
diseases caused by enterovirus 71 infection
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Hueyjen Jenny Su, Hsiao Ling Chang, Yi Ching Yang, Kowtong ChenAbstract:Abstract:The purpose of this review was to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, virology, and management of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Published literature was surveyed by Medline using the keyword “EV71.” The reported incidence of cases of hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina varied from yea
-
human enterovirus 71 disease clinical features epidemiology virology and management
The Open Epidemiology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Kowtong Chen, Hsiao Ling Chang, Tachung Lee, Lihui TangAbstract:The purpose of this review was to summarize the epidemiology, clinical pictures, and virology of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. An epidemiological study in Taiwan revealed that the reported incidence of mild cases of hand-foot- mouth disease/Herpangina (HFMD/HA) varied from year to year; seasonal variations in incidence were observed, with an incidence peak observed during the summer season. The study also showed that different enteroviruses co-circulate in the community, and seroepidemiological studies suggest that children aged less than 4 years old are most susceptible, while over 50% of the rest of the population is immune. The emergence of the EV71 epidemic in the Asia Pacific region has been associated with the circulation of three genetic lineages (genotype B3, B4, C2) that appear to be undergoing rapid evolutionary changes. EV 71 infection has emerged as an important public problem, causing serious clinical illness and, potentially, death in young children. Vaccine development is recommended for the prevention of EV 71 infection in the future.
-
epidemiologic features of hand foot mouth disease and Herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in taiwan 1998 2005
Pediatrics, 2007Co-Authors: Kowtong Chen, Hsiao Ling Chang, Shan Tair Wang, Yan Tzong Cheng, Jyh Yuan YangAbstract:OBJECTIVE. In 1998, an epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina was caused by human enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. The underlying factors of widespread emergence of viral infection are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina in Taiwan between March 1998 and December 2005. METHODS. We analyzed data reported to surveillance systems at the Taiwan Center for Disease Control. Viral isolation was performed by 11 reference virus laboratories at medical centers as well as the Taiwan Center for Disease Control. RESULTS. During the 8-year study period, the reported incidence of mild cases of hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina varied from 0.8 to 19.9 cases per sentinel physician per week, peaking in 1998. Seasonal variations in incidence were observed, with an incidence peak observed during the summer season. Annual incidence changed significantly from 1998 to 2005. Both age-specific incidence and fatality of severe hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina decreased as age increased. Most (93%) cases occurred in children who were aged 4 years and younger. Inpatients had a higher rate of enterovirus 71 infection than outpatients. Among severe cases, the majority (80%) had pulmonary edema/hemorrhage and encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS. Hand-foot-mouth disease/Herpangina is a common disease in Taiwan. Enterovirus 71 infection has emerged as an important public problem causing serious clinical illness and, potentially, death in young children. Vaccine development is recommended for prevention of enterovirus 71 infection in the future.
-
an eight year study of epidemiologic features of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007Co-Authors: Shouchien Chen, Yan Tzong Cheng, Hsiao Ling Chang, Kowtong ChenAbstract:: In 1998, an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (EV 71) infection occurred in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of EV 71 infection in Taiwan. Between March 1998 and December 2005, a total of 1,548 severe cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and Herpangina (HFMD/HA) was reported to the Center for Disease Control in Taiwan. A seasonal variation in number of severe cases was observed, with the annual peak in second quarter. Deaths from severe HFMD/HA varied from year to year (chi(2) for trend = 6.781, P = 0.009). Most (92%) cases occurred in children Vaccine development is recommended to prevent future EV 71 infections.
Luanyin Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
seroprevalence of enterovirus 71 and no evidence of crossprotection of enterovirus 71 antibody against the other enteroviruses in kindergarten children in taipei city
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 2012Co-Authors: Wenchan Huang, Chunyi Lu, Peilan Shao, Ailing Cheng, Limin Huang, Luanyin ChangAbstract:Background/Purpose Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection may cause severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, especially in preschool children. This study is to investigate the seroprevalence and seroconversion of EV71, and the crossprotection of EV71 antibody against other enteroviruses among kindergarteners. Methods Overall 228 children in a public kindergarten were enrolled during two academic years, 2006 and 2007, in Taipei, Taiwan and we measured their EV71 neutralizing antibody. When the participants had Herpangina; hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD); febrile illness or respiratory symptoms, throat swabs were sampled and processed for viral culture and enterovirus real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Questionnaires, completed by the participants' guardians, surveyed the history of allergy and annual incidence of symptoms related to enterovirus infection. Results Seropositive rates of EV71 were 20% (32/163) in 2006 and 6% (4/65) in 2007. The rate of EV71 seropositivity increased with age ( p p = 0.14). No seroconversion was observed from 2006 to 2007. Herpangina occurred in 64% of children with EV71 seropositivity and 48% of those without EV71 antibodies ( p = 0.12). Non-71 enterovirus infection, confirmed by viral study, occurred in 53% (19/36) of the EV71-seropositive children and in 53% (102/192) of EV71-seronegative children ( p = 0.89). No participants had EV71 infection during the study period. Conclusion EV71 did not frequently circulate in Taipei City from September 2006 to June 2008. Presence of EV71 neutralizing antibody was not associated with lower incidence of enterovirus infection caused by non-71 serotypes.
-
an outbreak of coxsackievirus a16 infection comparison with other enteroviruses in a preschool in taipei
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 2010Co-Authors: Peichieh Wu, Ailing Cheng, Limin Huang, Luanyin ChangAbstract:Background/Purpose The transmission rate of enteroviruses in young children remains unclear. Therefore, we carried out active surveillance in preschool children to investigate the transmission rate and clinical manifestation of enteroviruses. Methods From September 2006 to December 2008, we monitored infectious diseases in children 2(–3 years of age) in a preschool in Taipei. If any child had a febrile illness or symptoms/signs of enteroviral infection [e.g. Herpangina or hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)], we performed viral isolation and enterovirus polymerase chain reaction. VP1 sequencing was performed to define their serotypes. We also collected clinical data and analyzed transmission rates. Results There were eight episodes of enterovirus infection during the study period. The serotypes included coxsackievirus A4 (CA4), CA2 and CA16. The transmission rates of CA4 and CA2 among children in same class were 26% and 35%, respectively. Between November 28 and December 12, 2008, 13/21 (61.9%) children contracted Herpangina and/or HFMD. The average age was 2.82 (range, 2.43–3.39) years. CA16 was detected in 10/13 (76.9%) of the throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction VP1 genotyping. Compared with previous CA2 and CA4 outbreaks, CA16 had a significantly higher transmission rate ( p = 0.035) and resulted in more cases of HFMD ( p Conclusion Compared with CA2 and CA4, CA16 infections resulted in more cases of HFMD and had significantly higher transmission rates in preschoolers.
-
risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand foot and mouth disease Herpangina in children during an epidemic in taiwan
Pediatrics, 2002Co-Authors: Luanyin Chang, Yhu-chering Huang, Kuo-chien Tsao, Chwanchuen King, Hsiao Chen Ning, Chung Chen Li, Shinru Shih, Shuti Chiou, Po Yen Chen, Hong Jen ChangAbstract:Objective. In 1998, an enterovirus 71 (EV71) epidemic in Taiwan was associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)/Herpangina and in- volved 78 fatal cases. We measured EV71 seroprevalence rates before and after the epidemic and investigated risk factors associated with EV71 infection and illness. Methods. Neutralizing antibodies to EV71 were as- sayed for 539 people before the epidemic and 4619 people of similar ages after the epidemic. Questionnaires, which were completed during household interviews after the epidemic, solicited demographic variables, exposure his- tory, and clinical manifestations. Results. A total of 129 106 cases of HFMD were re- ported during the epidemic. Age-specific pre-epidemic EV71 seroprevalence rates were inversely related to age- specific periepidemic mortality rates (r 0.82) or severe case rates (r 0.93). Higher postepidemic EV71 sero- positive rates among children who were younger than 3 years positively correlated with higher mortality rates in different areas (r 0.88). After the epidemic, 51 (56%) of 91 younger siblings of elder siblings who were EV71- seropositive were EV71-seropositive; otherwise, 2.2% (4 of 186) of younger siblings were EV71-seropositive (matched odds ratio (OR): 10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4 -29). Stepwise multiple logistic regression re- vealed other factors associated with EV71 infection to be older age (adjusted OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.9 -3.4), attendance at kindergartens/child care centers (adjusted OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), contact with HFMD/Herpangina (adjusted OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1), greater number of children in a family (adjusted OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7), and rural res- idence (adjusted OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.6). Twenty-nine percent of preschool children who were infected with EV71 developed HFMD/Herpangina. Younger age and contact with HFMD/Herpangina were significant factors for the development of EV71-related HFMD/Herpangina in these children. Conclusions. An increased incidence of EV71 infec- tion in young children occurred more often in geographic areas with increased mortality rates. Intrafamilial and kindergarten transmissions among preschool children were major modes of disease transmission during the widespread EV71 epidemic in Taiwan in 1998. Pediatrics 2002;109(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/109/6/e88; enterovirus 71; hand, foot, and mouth dis- ease; seroprevalence; transmission; risk factors; symptom- atic ratio; reemerging infectious disease; Taiwan.
Shinru Shih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
proteomics analysis of ev71 infected cells reveals the involvement of host protein nedd4l in ev71 replication
Journal of Proteome Research, 2015Co-Authors: Robert Y L Wang, Shinru Shih, Yiting Chiu, Hsingi Huang, Jausong Yu, Chihching WuAbstract:Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a human enterovirus that has seriously affected the Asia-Pacific area for the past two decades. EV71 infection can result in mild hand-foot-and-mouth disease and Herpangina and may occasionally lead to severe neurological complications in children. However, the specific biological processes that become altered during EV71 infection remain unclear. To further explore host responses upon EV71 infection, we identified proteins differentially expressed in EV71-infected human glioblastoma SF268 cells using isobaric mass tag (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Network analysis of proteins altered in cells infected with EV71 revealed that the changed biological processes are related to protein and ion transport, regulation of protein degradation, and homeostatic processes. We confirmed that the levels of NEDD4L and PSMF1 were increased and reduced, respectively, in EV71-infected cells compared to mock-infected control cells. ...
-
viral and host proteins involved in picornavirus life cycle
Journal of Biomedical Science, 2009Co-Authors: Tzuchun Chen, Shinru Shih, Kuo Feng Weng, Shih Cheng Chang, Li Lien ChenAbstract:Picornaviruses cause several diseases, not only in humans but also in various animal hosts. For instance, human enteroviruses can cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, Herpangina, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, severe neurological complications, including brainstem encephalitis, meningitis and poliomyelitis, and even death. The interaction between the virus and the host is important for viral replication, virulence and pathogenicity. This article reviews studies of the functions of viral and host factors that are involved in the life cycle of picornavirus. The interactions of viral capsid proteins with host cell receptors is discussed first, and the mechanisms by which the viral and host cell factors are involved in viral replication, viral translation and the switch from translation to RNA replication are then addressed. Understanding how cellular proteins interact with viral RNA or viral proteins, as well as the roles of each in viral infection, will provide insights for the design of novel antiviral agents based on these interactions.
-
risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand foot and mouth disease Herpangina in children during an epidemic in taiwan
Pediatrics, 2002Co-Authors: Luanyin Chang, Yhu-chering Huang, Kuo-chien Tsao, Chwanchuen King, Hsiao Chen Ning, Chung Chen Li, Shinru Shih, Shuti Chiou, Po Yen Chen, Hong Jen ChangAbstract:Objective. In 1998, an enterovirus 71 (EV71) epidemic in Taiwan was associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)/Herpangina and in- volved 78 fatal cases. We measured EV71 seroprevalence rates before and after the epidemic and investigated risk factors associated with EV71 infection and illness. Methods. Neutralizing antibodies to EV71 were as- sayed for 539 people before the epidemic and 4619 people of similar ages after the epidemic. Questionnaires, which were completed during household interviews after the epidemic, solicited demographic variables, exposure his- tory, and clinical manifestations. Results. A total of 129 106 cases of HFMD were re- ported during the epidemic. Age-specific pre-epidemic EV71 seroprevalence rates were inversely related to age- specific periepidemic mortality rates (r 0.82) or severe case rates (r 0.93). Higher postepidemic EV71 sero- positive rates among children who were younger than 3 years positively correlated with higher mortality rates in different areas (r 0.88). After the epidemic, 51 (56%) of 91 younger siblings of elder siblings who were EV71- seropositive were EV71-seropositive; otherwise, 2.2% (4 of 186) of younger siblings were EV71-seropositive (matched odds ratio (OR): 10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4 -29). Stepwise multiple logistic regression re- vealed other factors associated with EV71 infection to be older age (adjusted OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.9 -3.4), attendance at kindergartens/child care centers (adjusted OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), contact with HFMD/Herpangina (adjusted OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1), greater number of children in a family (adjusted OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7), and rural res- idence (adjusted OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.6). Twenty-nine percent of preschool children who were infected with EV71 developed HFMD/Herpangina. Younger age and contact with HFMD/Herpangina were significant factors for the development of EV71-related HFMD/Herpangina in these children. Conclusions. An increased incidence of EV71 infec- tion in young children occurred more often in geographic areas with increased mortality rates. Intrafamilial and kindergarten transmissions among preschool children were major modes of disease transmission during the widespread EV71 epidemic in Taiwan in 1998. Pediatrics 2002;109(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/109/6/e88; enterovirus 71; hand, foot, and mouth dis- ease; seroprevalence; transmission; risk factors; symptom- atic ratio; reemerging infectious disease; Taiwan.
Yong Poovorawan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
High prevalence of coxsackievirus A2 in children with Herpangina in Thailand in 2015
VirusDisease, 2017Co-Authors: Jira Chansaenroj, Jiratchaya Puenpa, John Mauleekoonphairoj, Chompoonut Auphimai, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Viboonsuk Vuthitanachot, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong PoovorawanAbstract:Coxsackievirus (CV) is a member of the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae . CV infection can cause Herpangina, a disease characterized by multiple ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate affecting mostly young children. CV strains are categorized by serotypes. Unfortunately, serotypes responsible for infections in patients are often undetermined. This knowledge gap partly contributes to the ineffective prevention and control of CV-associated Herpangina in Southeast Asia. To characterize the viral etiology of children presented with Herpangina, 295 throat swabs were tested for human enterovirus infection. Using RT-PCR specific for the viral 5′UTR/VP2 and the VP1 regions, two most frequent CV types found in these samples were CV-A2 (33.33%, 40/120) and CV-A4 (15.8%, 19/120). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene demonstrated that the CV-A2 strains in this study not only were closely related to those previously identified in Asia and Europe, but the majority clustered into a distinct group. Thus, infection predominantly by CV-A2 and CV-A4 caused Herpangina in 2015 in Thailand.
-
prevalence of human enterovirus among patients with hand foot and mouth disease and Herpangina in thailand 2013
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: John Mauleekoonphairoj, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Sumeth Korkong, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Yong PoovorawanAbstract:Human enterovirus (EV) infection causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and Herpangina (HA). We studied the prevalence of enterovirus (EV) among patients with HFMD and HA in Thailand during 2013. We conducted a study in archived specimens of patients sent for screening for enterovirus. A total of 203 clinical specimens from 184 individuals with painful blister in the oropharynx and on the palms, soles, knees, elbows or buttock were examined by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 5'UTR and VP1 genes of EV. Eighty-six samples were positive: EV71 was detected in 14 (30%), CV-A8 in 12 (26%) and CV-A16 in 10 (21%). Classification of EV species detected revealed that 46 specimens were EV-A, 14 specimens were EV-B, 1 specimen was EV-D, and 16 specimens were positive for unclassified enterovirus. The majority of individuals with EV infection were aged 2-6 years. Multiple EV-A serotypes were detected among HFMD and HA patients in our study.
-
prevalence and characterization of enterovirus infections among pediatric patients with hand foot mouth disease Herpangina and influenza like illness in thailand 2012
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jiratchaya Puenpa, John Mauleekoonphairoj, Kamol Suwannakarn, Sumeth Korkong, Thaweesak Chieochansin, Piyada Linsuwanon, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Yong PoovorawanAbstract:Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and Herpangina are common infectious diseases caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species A and frequently occurring in young children. This study was aimed at analyzing enteroviruses from patients with these diseases in Thailand in 2012. Detection and genotype determination of enteroviruses were accomplished by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the VP1 region. Enterovirus-positive samples were differentiated into 17 genotypes (coxsackievirus A4 (CAV4), A5, A6, A8, A9, A10, A12, A16, A21, B1, B2, B4, B5, echovirus 7, 16, 25 and Enterovirus 71). The result showed CAV6 (33.5%), followed by CAV16 (9.4%) and EV71 (8.8%) as the most frequent genotypes in HFMD, CAV8 (19.3%) in Herpangina and CAV6 (1.5%) in influenza like illness. Enterovirus infections were most prevalent during July with 34.4% in HFMD, 39.8% in Herpangina and 1.6% in ILI. The higher enterovirus infection associated with HFMD and Herpangina occurred in infants over one year-old. This represents the first report describing the circulation of multiple enteroviruses in Thailand.
Limin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
seroprevalence of enterovirus 71 and no evidence of crossprotection of enterovirus 71 antibody against the other enteroviruses in kindergarten children in taipei city
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 2012Co-Authors: Wenchan Huang, Chunyi Lu, Peilan Shao, Ailing Cheng, Limin Huang, Luanyin ChangAbstract:Background/Purpose Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection may cause severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications, especially in preschool children. This study is to investigate the seroprevalence and seroconversion of EV71, and the crossprotection of EV71 antibody against other enteroviruses among kindergarteners. Methods Overall 228 children in a public kindergarten were enrolled during two academic years, 2006 and 2007, in Taipei, Taiwan and we measured their EV71 neutralizing antibody. When the participants had Herpangina; hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD); febrile illness or respiratory symptoms, throat swabs were sampled and processed for viral culture and enterovirus real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Questionnaires, completed by the participants' guardians, surveyed the history of allergy and annual incidence of symptoms related to enterovirus infection. Results Seropositive rates of EV71 were 20% (32/163) in 2006 and 6% (4/65) in 2007. The rate of EV71 seropositivity increased with age ( p p = 0.14). No seroconversion was observed from 2006 to 2007. Herpangina occurred in 64% of children with EV71 seropositivity and 48% of those without EV71 antibodies ( p = 0.12). Non-71 enterovirus infection, confirmed by viral study, occurred in 53% (19/36) of the EV71-seropositive children and in 53% (102/192) of EV71-seronegative children ( p = 0.89). No participants had EV71 infection during the study period. Conclusion EV71 did not frequently circulate in Taipei City from September 2006 to June 2008. Presence of EV71 neutralizing antibody was not associated with lower incidence of enterovirus infection caused by non-71 serotypes.
-
an outbreak of coxsackievirus a16 infection comparison with other enteroviruses in a preschool in taipei
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 2010Co-Authors: Peichieh Wu, Ailing Cheng, Limin Huang, Luanyin ChangAbstract:Background/Purpose The transmission rate of enteroviruses in young children remains unclear. Therefore, we carried out active surveillance in preschool children to investigate the transmission rate and clinical manifestation of enteroviruses. Methods From September 2006 to December 2008, we monitored infectious diseases in children 2(–3 years of age) in a preschool in Taipei. If any child had a febrile illness or symptoms/signs of enteroviral infection [e.g. Herpangina or hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)], we performed viral isolation and enterovirus polymerase chain reaction. VP1 sequencing was performed to define their serotypes. We also collected clinical data and analyzed transmission rates. Results There were eight episodes of enterovirus infection during the study period. The serotypes included coxsackievirus A4 (CA4), CA2 and CA16. The transmission rates of CA4 and CA2 among children in same class were 26% and 35%, respectively. Between November 28 and December 12, 2008, 13/21 (61.9%) children contracted Herpangina and/or HFMD. The average age was 2.82 (range, 2.43–3.39) years. CA16 was detected in 10/13 (76.9%) of the throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction VP1 genotyping. Compared with previous CA2 and CA4 outbreaks, CA16 had a significantly higher transmission rate ( p = 0.035) and resulted in more cases of HFMD ( p Conclusion Compared with CA2 and CA4, CA16 infections resulted in more cases of HFMD and had significantly higher transmission rates in preschoolers.
-
rothia dentocariosa bacteremia in children report of two cases and review of the literature
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 2007Co-Authors: Chinying Yang, Chunyi Lu, Peilan Shao, Poren Hsueh, Hsiuyuan Tsai, Chungyi Wang, Tsungzu Wu, Shihwei Chen, Limin HuangAbstract:Rothia dentocariosa, a pleomorphic, fastidious, Gram-positive rod, is a normal inhabitant of the oropharynx. It is a well-known causative agent of dental plaques and periodontal disease. Generally regarded as of low virulence to humans, R. dentocariosa has been increasingly recognized as a pathogen in adults and often associated with infective endocarditis. It should not necessarily be regarded as a contaminant when the isolate comes from areas other than the oropharynx, especially from the blood. We report two cases of R. dentocariosa bacteremia, including an 8-month-old boy with repaired transposition of the great arteries, and a healthy 20-month-old girl with Herpangina.
-
differences in replication capacity between enterovirus 71 isolates obtained from patients with encephalitis and those obtained from patients with Herpangina in taiwan
Journal of Medical Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Chienmin Kung, Limin Huang, Chwanchuen King, Chunnan Lee, Pinging Lee, Chuanliang KaoAbstract:The cellular-tropism and biological characteristics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) isolates in Taiwan (TW) were studied. Growth curve experiments were conducted using cell lines that were possibly exhibited pathogenesis, and RT-PCR and sequencing tests were undertaken to amplify the 5' non-coding region (5'-NCR). The encephalitis isolate EV71 TW98NTU2078 was PBMC-tropic, temperature-resistant (Tr) at 40 degrees C, and easier to replicate in HTB-14 (astrocytoma) than the Herpangina isolate EV71 TW98NTU1186 (The viral yields were 100-fold higher than those of the Herpangina isolate EV71 TW98NTU1186 at 96 hr post infection.). The Herpangina isolate EV71 TW98NTU1186 was non-PBMC-tropic, and temperature-sensitive (Ts) at 40 degrees C. The replication of EV71 TW98NTU1186 in HTB-14 was lower. No EV71 isolate infected HTB-37 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells). The encephalitis EV71 isolate exhibited better replication and transmission in PBMCs and astrocytes than did the EV71 isolate without CNS involvement.