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Barry Glaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sugarcane Response to Nitrogen Fertilization on a Histosol with Shallow Water Table and Periodic Flooding
    Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Barry Glaz, S. T. Reed, J. P. Albano
    Abstract:

    Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is increasingly exposed to periodic floods and shallow water tables on Histosols in Florida’s Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). In the past, when these soils were usually well drained, they provided excess N for sugarcane through microbial oxidation. It is not known if supplemental N would now improve yields because microbial oxidation is reduced by shallow water tables and periodic floods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rates on two sugarcane cultivars exposed to a 25-cm water-table depth with and without repeated 2-day floods. Two studies were planted in containers in 2001 and 2002 with two sugarcane cultivars and five equally spaced rates of N fertilizer from 0 to 200 kg ha )1 . Leaf, stalk and root weights were reduced by periodic flooding and the magnitude of the reduction sometimes differed between cultivars. Plant weights, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf N content were often highest near an N rate of 100 kg ha )1 . Usually, N fertilizer rate did not interact with water treatment. Nitrogen fertilization may be useful for sugarcane exposed to water-table depths of 25 cm with and without 2-day repeated floods on EAA Histosols.

  • Organic Matter Oxidation Potential Determination in a Periodically Flooded Histosol under Sugarcane
    Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004
    Co-Authors: D. R. Morris, Barry Glaz, Samira H. Daroub
    Abstract:

    Histosols of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) are subsiding primarily from aerobic microbial oxidation. An experiment was conducted in a Histosol to evaluate methods [ 14 C-benzeate oxidation (BO), soil respiration (CO 2 evolution; RESP), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)] of determining short-term organic matter (OM) oxidation potential under alternate flood and drain management. Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum species) was grown in field lysimeters containing Pahokee muck soil (euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist). Soils were flooded for 7 d followed by drainage to three depths (16, 33, and 50 cm) for 14 d. A continuously drained control treatment was also included. Thus, soils under four flood and drain cycles were sampled during the drain period. Increased water table levels after flooding reduced BO, tended to increase MBC, and had little effect on RESP. Consequently, BO was not correlated with either MBC or RESP, which suggests that microbes responsible for OM oxidation are a small portion of the total microbial population. Alternate flooding and draining increased BO compared with the drain control. Soil moisture (SM) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) were both negatively correlated with BO, but not with either MBC or RESP. Soil moisture and SOC may provide alternate indicators for OM oxidation potential. Since BO responded according to soil OM oxidation on the basis of field measurements previously reported, BO was the best of the three methods for predicting short-term effects of water table management on soil OM oxidation potential.

  • variability of leaf phosphorus among sugarcane genotypes grown on everglades Histosols
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 1997
    Co-Authors: Barry Glaz, C W Deren, G H Snyder
    Abstract:

    The P content of drainage water of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of Florida must be reduced by at least 25% from a baseline mean calculated using 1978 through 1988 data. This minimum P reduction is one of several measures to sustain much of the unique habitat of remaining natural regions of the Everglades. The objectives of this study were to evaluate variability in leaf tissue P concentration among elite sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) clones and to recommend sampling strategies to detect differences among clones. Leaf samples were collected four times per annual crop in the plant-cane and first-ratoon crops from three fields, representing low, medium, and high available soil P. Leaf P of sugarcane should be tested at several locations in at least two crop years, and at least once, but preferably twice per crop. The clone with the most leaf P had 0.65 g P kg -1 leaf tissue more than the clone with the least. This difference among leaves allowed us to speculate that P removal may differ by about 8.5 kg ha ' among commercial cultivars and that genetic improvement of this trait could be feasible. If further studies show that differences in leaf P concentration can reliably predict differences in total P removal from a sugarcane field, then classification of cultivars for leaf P concentration could make available to EAA sugarcane farmers another best management practice (BMP) to reduce P content of their drainage waters.

  • leaf tissue silicon content of sugarcane genotypes grown on everglades Histosols 1
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993
    Co-Authors: C W Deren, Barry Glaz, G H Snyder
    Abstract:

    Abstract On soils low in plant‐available silicon (Si), fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) with calcium silicate slag increases plant Si content and sugar yield. However, Si fertilization is costly. Plants which are more efficient in accumulating available Si may have an economic advantage, and selection for genotypes with greater Si content may be warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was genetic variability for plant‐tissue Si content in selected populations of commercial‐type sugarcane clones in the Canal Point (CP), Florida breeding program. A total of 52 sugarcane genotypes from the third and fourth stages of the sugarcane breeding program were evaluated for Si content in leaves. Clones were evaluated as plant cane in randomized complete‐block experiments at four sites which varied in plant‐available Si. Soils at three sites were organic Histosols; the fourth was a sand. The locations and the forty Stage HI clones varied significantly (P<0.01) in plant‐tissue Si. Stag...

  • Leaf‐tissue silicon content of sugarcane genotypes grown on everglades Histosols 1
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993
    Co-Authors: C W Deren, Barry Glaz, George H. Snyder
    Abstract:

    Abstract On soils low in plant‐available silicon (Si), fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) with calcium silicate slag increases plant Si content and sugar yield. However, Si fertilization is costly. Plants which are more efficient in accumulating available Si may have an economic advantage, and selection for genotypes with greater Si content may be warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was genetic variability for plant‐tissue Si content in selected populations of commercial‐type sugarcane clones in the Canal Point (CP), Florida breeding program. A total of 52 sugarcane genotypes from the third and fourth stages of the sugarcane breeding program were evaluated for Si content in leaves. Clones were evaluated as plant cane in randomized complete‐block experiments at four sites which varied in plant‐available Si. Soils at three sites were organic Histosols; the fourth was a sand. The locations and the forty Stage HI clones varied significantly (P

Shangning Ji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of elemental sulfur on sugarcane yield on Histosols with near neutral ph
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mabry J Mccray, Shangning Ji, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
    Abstract:

    Soil subsidence of Florida Histosols caused by microbial oxidation following drainage of these soils has resulted in decreased depth. Soil pH has increased from tillage operations and vertical move...

  • phosphorus fertilizer calibration for sugarcane on everglades Histosols
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mabry J Mccray, Ronald W Rice, Shangning Ji
    Abstract:

    A calibrated soil test for phosphorus (P) fertilizer application to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) grown on organic soils in southern Florida is an important best-management practice for minimizing P loads in water draining to the Everglades. The current calibration uses water as the soil extractant, which has the limitations of being very sensitive to pH and being most applicable to short-season crops. Phosphorus fertilizer rate studies at six locations (20 total crop years) were analyzed to develop an updated soil-test P calibration for sugarcane on organic soils. Phosphorus extracted with water, acetic acid, and Bray 2 did not consistently relate well to crop response. A new P soil-test calibration for sugarcane is proposed based on Mehlich 3 soil extraction, with a maximum rate of 36 kg P ha−1 with ≤ 10 g P m−3 in preplant soil samples and no P recommended with >30 g P m−3.

  • CALIBRATION OF SUGARCANE RESPONSE TO CALCIUM SILICATE ON FLORIDA Histosols
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2012
    Co-Authors: J. Mabry Mccray, Shangning Ji
    Abstract:

    Silicon is considered a beneficial nutrient for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and yield responses to Si applications on Florida organic soils have been well documented. Growers need calibrated Si recommendations to be able to make cost-effective decisions regarding Si applications. The objective of this study was to develop a soil-test Si calibration based on yield responses to Ca silicate on Everglades Histosols. Twelve paired commercial field comparisons and three small-plot tests of Ca silicate application were conducted. Strong responses in t cane ha−1 and t sucrose ha−1 were determined with acetic acid-extractable soil Si

  • calibration of sugarcane response to calcium silicate on florida Histosols
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mabry J Mccray, Shangning Ji
    Abstract:

    Silicon is considered a beneficial nutrient for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and yield responses to Si applications on Florida organic soils have been well documented. Growers need calibrated Si recommendations to be able to make cost-effective decisions regarding Si applications. The objective of this study was to develop a soil-test Si calibration based on yield responses to Ca silicate on Everglades Histosols. Twelve paired commercial field comparisons and three small-plot tests of Ca silicate application were conducted. Strong responses in t cane ha−1 and t sucrose ha−1 were determined with acetic acid-extractable soil Si <15 g m−3, with some response to approximately 25 g m−3. Recommendations were developed over this range with a maximum Ca silicate rate of 6.7 t ha−1. Optimum leaf Si concentration was determined to be ≥ 6.0 g kg−1, with 0.95 and 0.80 relative yield at 5.0 and 2.5 g kg−1, respectively.

  • sugarcane response to phosphorus fertilizer on everglades Histosols
    Agronomy Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mabry J Mccray, Ronald W Rice, Shangning Ji
    Abstract:

    Determining sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) yield response to P fertilizer supports the development of agricultural best management practices consistent with Everglades restoration efforts. Field studies were conducted on organic soils to determine sugar-cane yield responses to P fertilizer. Four test sites were established on Florida Histosols (water-extractable P = 1.3, 1.7, 2.1, and 9.0 g P m ―3 ) with annual banded rates of 0, 9, 18, 36, 72, and 144 kg P ha ―1 . There were a total of 13 crop years with duration of each test ranging from 2 to 4 yr. Linear and quadratic regression and single degree of freedom contrasts were used to determine P fertilizer requirements. There were responses in t cane ha ―1 (TCH) and t sucrose ha ―1 (TSH) to P fertilizer application at four and three sites, respectively. Annual fertilizer P requirement at the four sites ranged from 18 to 33 kg P ha ―1 , with no consistent change in P requirement across crop years. Based on measured response (95% of maximum yield) in TCH and TSH up to 33 kg P ha ―1 , the maximum P recommendation for sugarcane grown on Florida Histosols should be maintained at 36 kg P ha ―1 . Minimal reductions in sucrose concentration (kg sucrose t ―1 cane) were measured at P rates ≤36 kg P ha ―1 . Water-extractable P did not predict the measured yield response at all sites, demonstrating the need for an updated soil test calibration that should be applicable over a wide pH range and include both quickly available and reserve soil P.

G H Snyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variability of leaf phosphorus among sugarcane genotypes grown on everglades Histosols
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 1997
    Co-Authors: Barry Glaz, C W Deren, G H Snyder
    Abstract:

    The P content of drainage water of the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of Florida must be reduced by at least 25% from a baseline mean calculated using 1978 through 1988 data. This minimum P reduction is one of several measures to sustain much of the unique habitat of remaining natural regions of the Everglades. The objectives of this study were to evaluate variability in leaf tissue P concentration among elite sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) clones and to recommend sampling strategies to detect differences among clones. Leaf samples were collected four times per annual crop in the plant-cane and first-ratoon crops from three fields, representing low, medium, and high available soil P. Leaf P of sugarcane should be tested at several locations in at least two crop years, and at least once, but preferably twice per crop. The clone with the most leaf P had 0.65 g P kg -1 leaf tissue more than the clone with the least. This difference among leaves allowed us to speculate that P removal may differ by about 8.5 kg ha ' among commercial cultivars and that genetic improvement of this trait could be feasible. If further studies show that differences in leaf P concentration can reliably predict differences in total P removal from a sugarcane field, then classification of cultivars for leaf P concentration could make available to EAA sugarcane farmers another best management practice (BMP) to reduce P content of their drainage waters.

  • leaf tissue silicon content of sugarcane genotypes grown on everglades Histosols 1
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993
    Co-Authors: C W Deren, Barry Glaz, G H Snyder
    Abstract:

    Abstract On soils low in plant‐available silicon (Si), fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) with calcium silicate slag increases plant Si content and sugar yield. However, Si fertilization is costly. Plants which are more efficient in accumulating available Si may have an economic advantage, and selection for genotypes with greater Si content may be warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was genetic variability for plant‐tissue Si content in selected populations of commercial‐type sugarcane clones in the Canal Point (CP), Florida breeding program. A total of 52 sugarcane genotypes from the third and fourth stages of the sugarcane breeding program were evaluated for Si content in leaves. Clones were evaluated as plant cane in randomized complete‐block experiments at four sites which varied in plant‐available Si. Soils at three sites were organic Histosols; the fourth was a sand. The locations and the forty Stage HI clones varied significantly (P<0.01) in plant‐tissue Si. Stag...

  • variable silicon content of rice cultivars grown on everglades Histosols 1
    Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1992
    Co-Authors: C W Deren, L E Datnoff, G H Snyder
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate silicon (Si) content in a group of rice cultivars. Ten cultivars were grown in the greenhouse under three levels pf Si fertilization on a Si‐deficient Histosol. In a second experiment, 18 ‘cultivars were grown at three field locations which varied in plant‐available soil Si. In both experiments, cultivars varied in their percentage of Si in rice straw. There was no significant (P > 0.10) genotype by environment interaction. The genotypes with the greatest and lowest percentage of Si were consistently so over all Si environments and treatments.

M Lockhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • POTASSIUM AND SODIUM INTERRELATIONS IN CELERY
    Hortscience, 1992
    Co-Authors: C A Sanchez, A. Faber, M Lockhart
    Abstract:

    Recent research suggests that celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) produced on Florida Histosols does not respond to rates of K fertilizer as high as previously recommended. The soil-test Na levels of Florida Histosols have been increasing as a result of canal dredging which has exposed saline water from shallow aquifers to mixing with surface water used for irrigation. Sand culture and field experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the effect of Na on the K nutritional requirement of celery. The sand culture experiment included factorial combinations of 0, 2, 4, and 8 mM concentrations of K and 0 and 0.5 mM concentrations of Na. The field experiment was a 13 point fractional factorial with K and Na rates ranging from 0 to 400 kg ha-1. The data indicated that Na partially substituted for the K requirement of celery when K was limiting growth and yield. Interestingly, the data also suggested that optimal celery yields were obtained when some Na was present even where K was not limiting.

  • Response of radish to phosphorus and potassium fertilization on Histosols
    Hortscience, 1991
    Co-Authors: C A Sanchez, M Lockhart, P S Porter
    Abstract:

    Five field experiments were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate the response of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to rate and source of P (triple super- phosphate and phosphoric acid) and to rate of K (KC1) on Histosols. Marketable radish root yields increased with P fertilization when the soil tested

  • Nitrogen Fertilization of Radishes on Histosols: Response and
    1991
    Co-Authors: K Schuler, M Lockhart
    Abstract:

    Additional index words. isotopic N, organic soils, Raphanus sativus Abstract. Experiments were conducted from 1985 to 1989 to evaluate the response of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) to N fertilization on Histosols. Three of these experi- ments used 15 N-labeled fertilizer to evaluate the recovery of N by radishes. There was no response to N fertilization in seven of the eight experiments, even though some of them were conducted under conditions of high rainfall. The one experiment in which radish yields increased with N was conducted in a poorly drained, waterlogged field that was atypical of normal radish production fields. Recoveries of fertilizer N in the marketable radish roots averaged 19%. The results of N and 15 N analysis showed that

  • nitrogen fertilization of radishes on Histosols response and 15n recovery
    Hortscience, 1991
    Co-Authors: C A Sanchez, H Y Ozaki, K Schuler, M Lockhart
    Abstract:

    Experiments were conducted from 1985 to 1989 to evaluate the response of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) to N fertilization on Histosols. Three of these experiments used 15 N-labeled fertilizer to evaluate the recovery of N by radishes. There was no response to N fertilization in seven of the eight experiments, even though some of them were conducted under conditions of high rainfall. The one experiment in which radish yields increased with N was conducted in a poorly drained, waterlogged field that was atypical of normal radish production fields (...)

  • response of radish to phosphorus and potassium fertilization on Histosols
    Hortscience, 1991
    Co-Authors: C A Sanchez, M Lockhart, P S Porter
    Abstract:

    Five field experiments were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate the response of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to rate and source of P (triple super- phosphate and phosphoric acid) and to rate of K (KC1) on Histosols. Marketable radish root yields increased with P fertilization when the soil tested <13 mg P/dm 3 using a test for water-soluble P. No significant differences were due to P source. Results of leaf tissue analysis suggested that the critical concentration of P in radish leaves was 0.45%. Radish did not respond to K fertilization in any of the five experiments, even though preliminary soil-test K levels ranged from 20 to 102 K/dm 3 . Histosols used for crop production in Florida rarely test below 20 mg K/dm 3 ; thus, radish rarely would require supplementary K fertilization for optimal yield.

Rahima Abdelhafid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • agri environmental thresholds using mehlich iii soil phosphorus saturation index for vegetables in Histosols
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2007
    Co-Authors: Julie Guerin, Leonetienne Parent, Rahima Abdelhafid
    Abstract:

    The P concentration in Norton Creek which drains cultivated Histosols in Quebec showed median concentration exceeding up to 14 times the environmental guideline of 0.03 mg total P L 21 . The aim of this study was to develop environmental and agronomic thresholds using soil tests to provide a tool for P management in Histosols. Soil samples were collected from Histosols across Quebec (82) and in fertilizer trials (66) to calibrate soil test methods against the degree of P saturation (DPSOX) using the acid-oxalate method and setting am 5 0.4, and the water-extractable P (PW) (Sissingh, 1971). The field trials on crop response to added P were conducted with carrots (8), potatoes (11), onions (10), Chinese cabbage (7), celery (10), and lettuce (20). Relative yields were computed as yield in control without P divided by highest yield with added P. The Mehlich III (M-III) P extraction was more closely related (r 2 5 0.73) to DPSOX than the Bray 1 method (r 2 5 0.62) and the Florida extraction method (r 2 5 0.53). The [P/ (Al1gFe)]M-III ratio as index of P saturation (IPSM-III) was the most closely related to DPSOX (r 2 5 0.88) setting g 5 5. The critical [P/ (Al15Fe)]M-III ratio of 0.05 at DPSOX 5 0.25 and PW 5 9.7 mg P L 21 was validated by an independent study from North Carolina. The soil group (low- vs. high-IPSM-III soils) significantly influenced crop response to added P. Critical agronomic IPSM-III values were found between 0.10 and 0.15. Those environmental and agronomic benchmarks are instrumental for managing the P in vegetable-grown Histosols.