The Experts below are selected from a list of 180 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John F Lane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Hofmann Reaction
    Organic Reactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Everett S Wallis, John F Lane
    Abstract:

    In the Hofmann Reaction an amide is converted to an amine of one less carbon atom by treatment with bromine or chlorine, and alkali. In effect, the carbonyl group of the amide is eliminated. The Reaction is applicable to the preparation of amines from amides of aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, and hetereocyclic acids. The Hofmann Reaction is generally carried out by dissolving the amide in a very slight excess of cold aqueous hypohalite solution, followed by rapid warming, A valuable modification consists in carrying out the Reaction in an alcoholic solution, with subsequent hydrolysis of the urethan so obtained. Keywords: Hofmann Reaction; amides; side Reactions; alkaline sodium hypobromite; alkaline sodium hypochlorite; experimental conditions

  • Organic Reactions - The Hofmann Reaction
    Organic Reactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Everett S Wallis, John F Lane
    Abstract:

    In the Hofmann Reaction an amide is converted to an amine of one less carbon atom by treatment with bromine or chlorine, and alkali. In effect, the carbonyl group of the amide is eliminated. The Reaction is applicable to the preparation of amines from amides of aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, and hetereocyclic acids. The Hofmann Reaction is generally carried out by dissolving the amide in a very slight excess of cold aqueous hypohalite solution, followed by rapid warming, A valuable modification consists in carrying out the Reaction in an alcoholic solution, with subsequent hydrolysis of the urethan so obtained. Keywords: Hofmann Reaction; amides; side Reactions; alkaline sodium hypobromite; alkaline sodium hypochlorite; experimental conditions

Ahmida El Achari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photocrosslinkable vinylamine copolymers. I. Synthesis and photosensitivity of cinnamoylated polyvinylamine
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret
    Abstract:

    Vinylamine copolymers prepared by the Hofmann Reaction were functionalized by amidification with cinnamoyl chloride. The resulting photosensitive polymers, which are the nitrogen analogues of poly(vinylcinnamate), can be prepared with various contents of cinnamamide side groups. The polymers exhibit a marked hydrophilicity and undergo efficient crosslinking upon exposure to 250–300 nm UV light. The sensitivity S expressed in cm2·J−1 was shown to be higher for a given content, τ, in cinnamamide groups expressed in mol·g−1 when the residual vinyl amine units are in the ammonium form. The dependence of S upon τ was of the second order for the free base form of the photopolymers, but a higher order with S approximately proportional to τ3 for the hydrochloride form of the photosensitive polymers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2513–2520, 1997

  • preparation of polyvinylamine from polyacrylamide a reinvestigation of the Hofmann Reaction
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret, A Lablachecombier, Claude Loucheux
    Abstract:

    The Hofmann modification of polyacrylamide to yield vinylamine homo- or copolymers was reinvestigated in order to determine the real scope of a procedure of great potential interest in polymer chemistry. The conditions of the treatment by sodium hypochlorite followed by concentrated sodium hydroxide at low temperature (0 o C) were adjusted to avoid or to limit side-Reactions between pendant reactive groups. A broad range of initial mole ratio a of sodium hypochlorite per initial amide function (0,05<α<1,10) was explored. The reported procedure allows to prepare in excellent yield water-soluble polymers of controlled vinylamine content

  • Preparation of polyvinylamine from polyacrylamide: a reinvestigation of the Hofmann Reaction
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret, Alain Lablache-combier, Claude Loucheux
    Abstract:

    The Hofmann modification of polyacrylamide to yield vinylamine homo- or copolymers was reinvestigated in order to determine the real scope of a procedure of great potential interest in polymer chemistry. The conditions of the treatment by sodium hypochlorite followed by concentrated sodium hydroxide at low temperature (0 o C) were adjusted to avoid or to limit side-Reactions between pendant reactive groups. A broad range of initial mole ratio a of sodium hypochlorite per initial amide function (0,05

Kuppuswamy Nagarajan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Simple and Expedient Procedure for the Preparation of Gabapentin Lactam (2-Aza-spiro[4,5]decan-3-one)
    Organic Process Research & Development, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jashuva V. P. Katuri, Vadiraj S. Ekkundi, Kuppuswamy Nagarajan
    Abstract:

    A novel process has been described on 100 g scale for the preparation of gabapentin lactam which is a penultimate intermediate for the preparation of gabapentin, comprising a Hofmann Reaction of 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide using chlorinating agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and N-chlorosuccinimide, which have not been employed so far for making this molecule. Reactions done in aqueous alkali on the 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide led to a solution of gabapentin sodium salt which on heating led to the formation of the gabapentin lactam in good yield.

  • A Simple and Expedient Procedure for the Preparation of Gabapentin Lactam (2-Aza-spiro[4,5]decan-3-one)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Jashuva V. P. Katuri, Vadiraj S. Ekkundi, Kuppuswamy Nagarajan
    Abstract:

    A novel process has been described on 100 g scale for the preparation of gabapentin lactam which is a penultimate intermediate for the preparation of gabapentin, comprising a Hofmann Reaction of 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide using chlorinating agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and N-chlorosuccinimide, which have not been employed so far for making this molecule. Reactions done in aqueous alkali on the 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide led to a solution of gabapentin sodium salt which on heating led to the formation of the gabapentin lactam in good yield

Everett S Wallis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Hofmann Reaction
    Organic Reactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Everett S Wallis, John F Lane
    Abstract:

    In the Hofmann Reaction an amide is converted to an amine of one less carbon atom by treatment with bromine or chlorine, and alkali. In effect, the carbonyl group of the amide is eliminated. The Reaction is applicable to the preparation of amines from amides of aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, and hetereocyclic acids. The Hofmann Reaction is generally carried out by dissolving the amide in a very slight excess of cold aqueous hypohalite solution, followed by rapid warming, A valuable modification consists in carrying out the Reaction in an alcoholic solution, with subsequent hydrolysis of the urethan so obtained. Keywords: Hofmann Reaction; amides; side Reactions; alkaline sodium hypobromite; alkaline sodium hypochlorite; experimental conditions

  • Organic Reactions - The Hofmann Reaction
    Organic Reactions, 2011
    Co-Authors: Everett S Wallis, John F Lane
    Abstract:

    In the Hofmann Reaction an amide is converted to an amine of one less carbon atom by treatment with bromine or chlorine, and alkali. In effect, the carbonyl group of the amide is eliminated. The Reaction is applicable to the preparation of amines from amides of aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, and hetereocyclic acids. The Hofmann Reaction is generally carried out by dissolving the amide in a very slight excess of cold aqueous hypohalite solution, followed by rapid warming, A valuable modification consists in carrying out the Reaction in an alcoholic solution, with subsequent hydrolysis of the urethan so obtained. Keywords: Hofmann Reaction; amides; side Reactions; alkaline sodium hypobromite; alkaline sodium hypochlorite; experimental conditions

Xavier Coqueret - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photocrosslinkable vinylamine copolymers. I. Synthesis and photosensitivity of cinnamoylated polyvinylamine
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret
    Abstract:

    Vinylamine copolymers prepared by the Hofmann Reaction were functionalized by amidification with cinnamoyl chloride. The resulting photosensitive polymers, which are the nitrogen analogues of poly(vinylcinnamate), can be prepared with various contents of cinnamamide side groups. The polymers exhibit a marked hydrophilicity and undergo efficient crosslinking upon exposure to 250–300 nm UV light. The sensitivity S expressed in cm2·J−1 was shown to be higher for a given content, τ, in cinnamamide groups expressed in mol·g−1 when the residual vinyl amine units are in the ammonium form. The dependence of S upon τ was of the second order for the free base form of the photopolymers, but a higher order with S approximately proportional to τ3 for the hydrochloride form of the photosensitive polymers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2513–2520, 1997

  • preparation of polyvinylamine from polyacrylamide a reinvestigation of the Hofmann Reaction
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret, A Lablachecombier, Claude Loucheux
    Abstract:

    The Hofmann modification of polyacrylamide to yield vinylamine homo- or copolymers was reinvestigated in order to determine the real scope of a procedure of great potential interest in polymer chemistry. The conditions of the treatment by sodium hypochlorite followed by concentrated sodium hydroxide at low temperature (0 o C) were adjusted to avoid or to limit side-Reactions between pendant reactive groups. A broad range of initial mole ratio a of sodium hypochlorite per initial amide function (0,05<α<1,10) was explored. The reported procedure allows to prepare in excellent yield water-soluble polymers of controlled vinylamine content

  • Preparation of polyvinylamine from polyacrylamide: a reinvestigation of the Hofmann Reaction
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 1993
    Co-Authors: Ahmida El Achari, Xavier Coqueret, Alain Lablache-combier, Claude Loucheux
    Abstract:

    The Hofmann modification of polyacrylamide to yield vinylamine homo- or copolymers was reinvestigated in order to determine the real scope of a procedure of great potential interest in polymer chemistry. The conditions of the treatment by sodium hypochlorite followed by concentrated sodium hydroxide at low temperature (0 o C) were adjusted to avoid or to limit side-Reactions between pendant reactive groups. A broad range of initial mole ratio a of sodium hypochlorite per initial amide function (0,05