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Edward J Calabrese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hormesis: Highly Generalizable and Beyond Laboratory.
Trends in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Hormesis is a biphasic dose–response relationship with contrasting effects of low versus high doses of stress. Hormesis is rapidly developing in plant science research and has wide implications for risk assessment, stress biology, and agriculture. Here, we explore selected areas of importance to the concept of Hormesis and suggest that Hormesis is a highly generalizable phenomenon. We address the questions of whether Hormesis occurs in high-risk groups or in response to mixtures of stress-inducing agents, whether there is a single biological mechanism of Hormesis, and what the temporal features of Hormesis are.
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Hormesis a compelling platform for sophisticated plant science
Trends in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:The field of dose–response has received attention from the early modern period in the history of science. While it was thought that linear dose–response is the rule of thumb, significant efforts revealed that biphasic dose–response commonly occurs when the experimental design permits its detection. This phenomenon is called Hormesis and suggests that a basal stress level is needed for optimum health. Extensive evidence has accumulated showing the occurrence of Hormesis in numerous plant species and the induction of adaptive responses by low stress doses that precondition plants for a following massive environmental challenge. However, the ecological consequences of low-level stress remain underexplored. In this Opinion article, we propose that Hormesis can provide a compelling platform for sophisticated, next-generation plant science.
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human and veterinary antibiotics induce Hormesis in plants scientific and regulatory issues and an environmental perspective
Environment International, 2018Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Abstract Veterinary and human pharmaceuticals have been widely used in the developed world, thus increasing their accumulation in the environment and thereby posing ecological risks. Earlier studies report that active pharmaceutical ingredients induce Hormesis in plants, i.e. at low doses may enhance plant health whereas at high doses may suppress plant vigor. There is hitherto no study critically reviewing the effects of antibiotics on plants within a hormetic context despite effects of low doses on plants can have implications to animals, including humans, and to ecological processes. This study critically reviews for first time antibiotic-induced Hormesis in plants, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hormesis was induced by several antibiotics in a variety of species and endpoints. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly Capsule Common antibiotics released in the environment induce Hormesis in plants, urging for re-examination of the risk assessment practices by worldwide regulatory agencies.
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Hormesis: Path and Progression to Significance
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Edward J CalabreseAbstract:This paper tells the story of how Hormesis became recognized as a fundamental concept in biology, affecting toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, agriculture, and all areas related to enhancing biological performance. This paper assesses how Hormesis enhances resilience to normal aging and protects against a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and other diseases, as well as trauma and other threats to health and well-being. This paper also explains the application of Hormesis to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, macrophage polarization and its systematic adaptive protections, and the role of Hormesis in enhancing stem cell functioning and medical applications.
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Temperature-induced Hormesis in plants
Journal of Forestry Research, 2018Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Hisanori Harayama, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Environmental change attracts particular attention by biologists concerned with the performance of biological systems under stress. To investigate these, dose–response relationships should be clarified. It was previously assumed that the fundamental nature of biological dose–responses follows a linear model, either with no threshold or with a threshold below which no effects are expected to occur in biological endpoints. However, substantial literature, including widespread documentation in plants, has revealed that Hormesis commonly occurs. Hormesis is highly generalized and can be utilized as a quantitative measure of biological plasticity. Conditioning induced by adaptive responses also occurs in the framework of Hormesis and is of particular importance to environmental change biology with regards to evolutionary adaptations. This paper presents additional evidence for hormetic dose responses induced by temperature in plants. The current understanding on Hormesis provides a perspective for next generation environmental change research. Hormesis should have a central role in environmental change biology of vegetation.
Linda A. Baldwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Radiation Hormesis: the demise of a legitimate hypothesis.
Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. BaldwinAbstract:This paper examines the underlying factors that contributed to the marginalization of radiation Hormesis in the early and middle decades of the 20th century. The most critical factor affecting the demise of radiation Hormesis was a lack of agreement over how to define the concept of Hormesis and quantitatively describe its dose-response features. If radiation Hormesis had been defined as a modest overcompensation to a disruption in homeostasis as would have been consistent with the prevailing notion in the area of chemical Hormesis, this would have provided the theoretical and practical means to blunt subsequent legitimate criticism of this hypothesis. A second critical factor undermining the radiation Hormesis hypothesis was the generally total lack of recognition by radiation scientists of the concept of chemical Hormesis which was markedly more advanced, substantiated and generalized than in the radiation domain. The third factor was that major scientific criticism of low dose stimulatory responses was...
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tales of two similar hypotheses the rise and fall of chemical and radiation Hormesis
Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2000Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. BaldwinAbstract:This paper compares the historical developments of chemical and radiation Hormesis from their respective inceptions in the late 1880's for chemical Hormesis and early 1900's for radiation Hormesis to the mid 1930's to 1940 during which both hypotheses rose to some prominence but then became marginalized within the scientific community. This analysis documents that there were marked differences in their respective temporal developments, and the direction and maturity of research. In general, the formulation of the chemical Hormesis hypothesis displayed an earlier, more-extensive and more sophisticated development than the radiation Hormesis hypothesis. It was able to attract prestigious researchers with international reputations from leading institutions, to be the subject of numerous dissertations, to have its findings published in leading journals, and to have its concepts incorporated into leading microbiological texts. While both areas became the object of criticism from leading scientists, the intensity of the challenge was greatest for chemical Hormesis due to its more visible association with the medical practice of homeopathy. Despite the presence of legitimate and flawed criticism, the most significant limitations of both chemical and radiation Hormesis and their respective ultimate undoing were due to their: (1) lack of development of a coherent dose-response theory using data of low dose stimulation from both the chemical and radiation domains; (2) difficulty in replication of low dose stimulatory responses without an adequate study design especially with respect to an appropriate number and properly spaced doses below the toxic threshold; (3) modest degree of stimulation even under optimal conditions which was difficult to distinguish from normal variation; and (4) lack of appreciation of the practical and/or commercial applications of the concepts of low dose stimulation.
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Hormesis: A Highly Generalizable and Reproducible Phenomenon With Important Implications for Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. Baldwin, Charles D. HollandAbstract:From a comprehensive search of the literature, the Hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation Hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that Hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of Hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the Hormesis phenomenon occurs.
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Hormesis a highly generalizable and reproducible phenomenon with important implications for risk assessment
Risk Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. Baldwin, Charles D. HollandAbstract:From a comprehensive search of the literature, the Hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation Hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that Hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of Hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the Hormesis phenomenon occurs.
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Hormesis as a biological hypothesis.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 1998Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. BaldwinAbstract:Abstract A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical Hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Evidence of chemical Hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 350 of the 4000 studies evaluated. Chemical Hormesis was observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups and involved agents representing highly diverse chemical classes, many of potential environmental relevance. Numerous biological end points were assessed; growth responses were the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, longevity, reproductive responses, and survival. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude. The average low-dose maximum stimulation was approximately 50% greater than controls. The hormetic dose-response range was generally limited to about one order of magnitude, with the upper end of the hormetic curve approaching the estimated no observable effect level for the particular end point. Based on the evaluation criteria, high to moderate evidence of Hormesis was observed in studies comprised of > 6 doses; with > 3 doses in the hormetic zone. The present analysis suggests that chemical Hormesis is a reproducible and relatively common biological phenomenon. A quantitative scheme is presented for future application to the database.
Charles D. Holland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hormesis: A Highly Generalizable and Reproducible Phenomenon With Important Implications for Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. Baldwin, Charles D. HollandAbstract:From a comprehensive search of the literature, the Hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation Hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that Hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of Hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the Hormesis phenomenon occurs.
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Hormesis a highly generalizable and reproducible phenomenon with important implications for risk assessment
Risk Analysis, 1999Co-Authors: Edward J Calabrese, Linda A. Baldwin, Charles D. HollandAbstract:From a comprehensive search of the literature, the Hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation Hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that Hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of Hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the Hormesis phenomenon occurs.
Evgenios Agathokleous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hormesis: Highly Generalizable and Beyond Laboratory.
Trends in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Hormesis is a biphasic dose–response relationship with contrasting effects of low versus high doses of stress. Hormesis is rapidly developing in plant science research and has wide implications for risk assessment, stress biology, and agriculture. Here, we explore selected areas of importance to the concept of Hormesis and suggest that Hormesis is a highly generalizable phenomenon. We address the questions of whether Hormesis occurs in high-risk groups or in response to mixtures of stress-inducing agents, whether there is a single biological mechanism of Hormesis, and what the temporal features of Hormesis are.
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Hormesis a compelling platform for sophisticated plant science
Trends in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:The field of dose–response has received attention from the early modern period in the history of science. While it was thought that linear dose–response is the rule of thumb, significant efforts revealed that biphasic dose–response commonly occurs when the experimental design permits its detection. This phenomenon is called Hormesis and suggests that a basal stress level is needed for optimum health. Extensive evidence has accumulated showing the occurrence of Hormesis in numerous plant species and the induction of adaptive responses by low stress doses that precondition plants for a following massive environmental challenge. However, the ecological consequences of low-level stress remain underexplored. In this Opinion article, we propose that Hormesis can provide a compelling platform for sophisticated, next-generation plant science.
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human and veterinary antibiotics induce Hormesis in plants scientific and regulatory issues and an environmental perspective
Environment International, 2018Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Abstract Veterinary and human pharmaceuticals have been widely used in the developed world, thus increasing their accumulation in the environment and thereby posing ecological risks. Earlier studies report that active pharmaceutical ingredients induce Hormesis in plants, i.e. at low doses may enhance plant health whereas at high doses may suppress plant vigor. There is hitherto no study critically reviewing the effects of antibiotics on plants within a hormetic context despite effects of low doses on plants can have implications to animals, including humans, and to ecological processes. This study critically reviews for first time antibiotic-induced Hormesis in plants, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hormesis was induced by several antibiotics in a variety of species and endpoints. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly Capsule Common antibiotics released in the environment induce Hormesis in plants, urging for re-examination of the risk assessment practices by worldwide regulatory agencies.
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Temperature-induced Hormesis in plants
Journal of Forestry Research, 2018Co-Authors: Evgenios Agathokleous, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Hisanori Harayama, Edward J CalabreseAbstract:Environmental change attracts particular attention by biologists concerned with the performance of biological systems under stress. To investigate these, dose–response relationships should be clarified. It was previously assumed that the fundamental nature of biological dose–responses follows a linear model, either with no threshold or with a threshold below which no effects are expected to occur in biological endpoints. However, substantial literature, including widespread documentation in plants, has revealed that Hormesis commonly occurs. Hormesis is highly generalized and can be utilized as a quantitative measure of biological plasticity. Conditioning induced by adaptive responses also occurs in the framework of Hormesis and is of particular importance to environmental change biology with regards to evolutionary adaptations. This paper presents additional evidence for hormetic dose responses induced by temperature in plants. The current understanding on Hormesis provides a perspective for next generation environmental change research. Hormesis should have a central role in environmental change biology of vegetation.
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environmental Hormesis a fundamental non monotonic biological phenomenon with implications in ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018Co-Authors: Evgenios AgathokleousAbstract:Abstract The biological response of individual organisms or groups of organisms to stress is crucial in several scientific disciplines, and Hormesis is the most appropriate concept for studying dose-response relationships. The concept of Hormesis supports that the response to low-level doses of an agent opposes the response to high-level doses and is characterized by a J or U shape outstretched in the Euclidean space. Hormesis has been widely known for chemical compounds and radiation; however, whether Hormesis appears upon a variety of environmental factors remains underexplored. Here I provide evidence for the occurrence of environmental Hormesis which opens Pandora's “pithos” for a wide variety of scientific disciplines. I demonstrate that plant response to environmental factors is often well described by hormetic model suggesting that dose responses should be evaluated based on a wide range of dose levels, taking into account potential effects at both low and high levels. I anticipate this study to serve as a starting point for more sophisticated experiments. The concept of environmental Hormesis provides critical quantitative information for biological plasticity; is relevant to ecological and evolutionary theory; and may have long-term ecological implications within the context of global change. The concept of environmental Hormesis can also be utilized for the benefit of human welfare and biosphere sustainability. However, to understand the underpinning biological or physiological mechanisms of environmental Hormesis, trans-disciplinary research is needed. Environmental Hormesis should be considered when developing science-based Environmental Quality Criteria (EQC).
D P Hayes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritional Hormesis
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: D P HayesAbstract:Objective: Hormesis, the biological and toxicological concept that small quantities have opposite effects from large quantities, is reviewed with emphasis on its relevance to nutrition. Results: Hormetic and other dose–response relationships are categorized, depicted, and discussed. Evidence for nutritional Hormesis is presented for essential vitamin and mineral nutrients, dietary restriction, alcohol (ethanol), natural dietary and some synthetic pesticides, some herbicides, and acrylamide. Some of the different hormetic mechanisms that have been proposed are reviewed. Conclusions: The credence and relevance of Hormesis to nutrition are considered to be established. The roles of Hormesis in nutritional research and in formulating nutritional guidelines are discussed. Sponsorship: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
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Nutritional Hormesis.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: D P HayesAbstract:Hormesis, the biological and toxicological concept that small quantities have opposite effects from large quantities, is reviewed with emphasis on its relevance to nutrition. Hormetic and other dose-response relationships are categorized, depicted, and discussed. Evidence for nutritional Hormesis is presented for essential vitamin and mineral nutrients, dietary restriction, alcohol (ethanol), natural dietary and some synthetic pesticides, some herbicides, and acrylamide. Some of the different hormetic mechanisms that have been proposed are reviewed. The credence and relevance of Hormesis to nutrition are considered to be established. The roles of Hormesis in nutritional research and in formulating nutritional guidelines are discussed. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
