The Experts below are selected from a list of 795 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Steffen Heidenreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hot Gas Filters
    Progress in Filtration and Separation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Steffen Heidenreich
    Abstract:

    Abstract A review on Hot Gas filters is provided. Advantages and disadvantages of Hot Gas Filtration are discussed. Hot Gas filter media, Hot Gas filter designs, as well as regeneration systems and concepts are reviewed. Moreover, applications using Hot Gas filters are presented. Hot Gas filters were firstly technically applied for flue Gas cleaning at the incineration of low-level contaminated radioactive wastes from nuclear power generation at the beginning of the 1970s. Nowadays, Hot Gas Filtration is a reliable and well proven technology. Hundreds of Hot Gas filters are applied worldwide in different processes, such as incineration and pyrolysis of radioactive waste, coal and biomass Gasification, fluid catalytic cracking in refineries, cement and glass production, recycling of metals, production of chemicals, catalysts, pigments and nanoparticles, smelting processes and metal production, as well as waste incineration and pyrolysis.

  • Hot Gas Filtration – A review
    Fuel, 2013
    Co-Authors: Steffen Heidenreich
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper provides a detailed survey on Hot Gas Filtration. Fundamental aspects of Filtration at higher temperatures are described first, including the influence of the temperature on dust properties and Filtration behaviour. The main focus is on the review of Hot Gas filter media as well as Hot Gas filter systems. Moreover, applications of Hot Gas Filtration are presented and discussed in detail, for example advanced coal Gasification as well as biomass Gasification and pyrolysis, incineration of low-level contaminated radioactive waste from nuclear power generation, waste incineration, fluid catalytic cracking in oil refineries and other processes. By using Hot Gas filters, downstream equipment, such as heat exchangers, catalyst units, turbines and scrubbers, are protected from erosion and fouling, processes can be intensified or simplified as well as blocking by condensation or desublimation can be prevented. Energy efficiency, process intensification, PM 10 and PM 2.5 emission values, water shortage and water quality as well as overall process costs are topics which raise an increasing interest in Hot Gas Filtration.

  • Hot Gas Filtration a review
    Fuel, 2013
    Co-Authors: Steffen Heidenreich
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper provides a detailed survey on Hot Gas Filtration. Fundamental aspects of Filtration at higher temperatures are described first, including the influence of the temperature on dust properties and Filtration behaviour. The main focus is on the review of Hot Gas filter media as well as Hot Gas filter systems. Moreover, applications of Hot Gas Filtration are presented and discussed in detail, for example advanced coal Gasification as well as biomass Gasification and pyrolysis, incineration of low-level contaminated radioactive waste from nuclear power generation, waste incineration, fluid catalytic cracking in oil refineries and other processes. By using Hot Gas filters, downstream equipment, such as heat exchangers, catalyst units, turbines and scrubbers, are protected from erosion and fouling, processes can be intensified or simplified as well as blocking by condensation or desublimation can be prevented. Energy efficiency, process intensification, PM 10 and PM 2.5 emission values, water shortage and water quality as well as overall process costs are topics which raise an increasing interest in Hot Gas Filtration.

  • HeißGasFiltrationHot Gas Filtration
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2012
    Co-Authors: Steffen Heidenreich
    Abstract:

    Auch wenn bereits viele HeisGasfiltersysteme in Betrieb sind, so ist doch die HeisGasFiltration mit all ihren Aspekten immer noch relativ unbekannt. Die HeisGasFiltration bietet in vielen Fallen erhebliche Vorteile. So konnen z. B. Prozesse vereinfacht und intensiviert oder die Prozesseffizienz gesteigert werden, Produktverunreinigungen und Verblockungen durch Kondensations- oder Desublimationsvorgange vermieden sowie nachgeschaltete Anlagenteile geschutzt werden. Nach einer Betrachtung der grundlegenden Besonderheiten der Filtration bei hohen Temperaturen wird eine Ubersicht uber Filtermedien und -systeme fur die HeisGasFiltration gegeben. Anwendungen werden dargestellt und ausfuhrlich beschrieben. Even if already numerous Hot Gas filter systems are installed, Hot Gas Filtration with all its aspects is still not known enough. Hot Gas Filtration offers significant advantages in many cases. Processes can be simplified or intensified, process efficiency can be increased, contamination of products or blocking by condensation or desublimation can be prevented, and downstream equipment can be protected. The paper describes the fundamental particularities of Filtration at higher temperatures and provides an overview of filter media and filter systems for Hot Gas Filtration. Moreover, applications of Hot Gas Filtration are presented.

  • Hot Gas Filtration with ceramic filters: Experiences and new developments
    Filtration & Separation, 2002
    Co-Authors: Steffen Heidenreich, Bernd Scheibner
    Abstract:

    A growing number of companies that require critical high temperature Filtration in their processes are turning to ceramic filter elements. Schumacher Umwelt- und Trenntechnik GmbH, Germany, a leading supplier to this market, explains why despite their relative high cost current ceramic filters can provide the optimum Filtration solution for high temperature Gases. It also highlights some of its more recent products developments, including a unique fail-safe filter element cleaning system.

Duane H Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Compositions of Filter-Vessel and Cyclone “Ash” from Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion
    Energy & Fuels, 2000
    Co-Authors: Kal Seshadri, Duane H Smith
    Abstract:

    Excessively hard filter cakes have occurred during Filtration of fine particles from Hot Gases in pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) power plants in which dolomitic limestone was used as the SO x sorbent. These deposits forced premature plant shutdown and became a major barrier to successful development of the Filtration technology. Our previous work implicated Mg 2 -Ca(SO 4 ) 3 as a chief cause of these excessive cake strengths, but no analytical technique was available to quantitatively relate filter-cake physical properties and operating problems to Mg 2 -Ca(SO 4 ) 3 concentrations. Hence, a new Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique has been developed to analyze for Mg 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 3 in the presence of CaSO 4 and other compounds in PFBC samples. This technique was used to measure chemical compositions of various samples taken from either the cyclone or the Hot-Gas Filtration vessel of a PFBC demonstration power plant. These measurements clarify and further demonstrate the critical role played by Mg 2 Ca-(SO 4 ) 3 . Further measurements of the type described here should allow researchers to quantitatively determine how Mg 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 3 concentrations in filter cakes depend on various operating parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, and composition of the coal and sorbent), and thus solve problems that have prevented the successful development of Hot-Gas Filtration for PFBC power plants.

  • Analysis of operational Filtration data Part II: Incomplete cleaning of candle filters
    Powder Technology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Duane H Smith, Victor Powell, Goodarz Ahmadi
    Abstract:

    Abstract A model has been developed for Hot-Gas Filtration by candle filters, which includes incomplete removal of the filter cakes by the cleaning backpulses of compressed air. Operational data from the Filtration system of the Integrated Gasification and Cleanup Facility at the Federal Energy Technology Center were analyzed with the model and used to estimate the cake permeability, thickness of cake left on the filter after each backpulse, and total cake thickness vs. time. The statistical R 2 for the fit of the incomplete-cleaning model was 0.93, compared to the R 2 = 0.78 previously obtained for a fit of the ‘ideal Filtration’ model to the same data set.

  • Gas Flow and Particle Deposition in the Hot Gas Filter Vessel at the Tidd 70 MWE PFBC Demonstration Power Plant
    Aerosol Science and Technology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Goodarz Ahmadi, Duane H Smith
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Advanced Hot-Gas Filtration systems for clean coal technologies have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The Tidd Hot-Gas Filtration system was the first demonstration unit in the United States. The system was operational for about four years (1990–1994) and has provided considerable engineering information concerning the operation of the demonstration-scale Hot-Gas particle Filtration system. The present work describes a computer simulation study of Gas flow and particle transport and deposition in the Tidd filter vessel. The FLUENT™ code is used for evaluating the Gas mean velocity, mean pressure, and the state of turbulence in the filter vessel. The three tiers with a total of 384 filters are modeled as three effective cylindrical filters. The particle equation of motion that includes the nonlinear drag and the gravity is used. The particle deposition patterns are evaluated, and the effect of particle size is studied. The results show that, for a clean filter system, the rate of ...

  • analysis of operational Filtration data part i ideal candle filter behavior
    Powder Technology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Duane H Smith, Goodarz Ahmadi, Victor Powell, E A Ibrahim
    Abstract:

    Operating data for the Hot-Gas Filtration system of the Integrated Gasification and Cleanup Facility (IGCF) at the Federal Energy Technology Center are carefully analyzed. A model for candle filters is developed and used to describe the ideal Filtration process. The parameters of the model are evaluated with a least-square error fit procedure. It is shown that the model predicts the time variation of the pressure drop with reasonable accuracy. The model is used to evaluate the buildup of filter-cake thickness and the filter-cake permeability.

  • Shear Strengths of Heated and Unheated Mixtures of MgSO4 and CaSO4 Powders. Model Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Filter Cakes
    Energy & Fuels, 1997
    Co-Authors: Duane H Smith, And George J. Haddad, M. Ferer
    Abstract:

    Shear strengths were measured (at 22 °C) for powders of MgSO4, CaSO4, and their mixtures both before and after heating at 750 °C for 1 h. The strengths were significantly greater for the heated samples and for samples that contained MgSO4. The compound Mg2Ca(SO4)3 was detected in the heated mixtures. The experiments were motivated by the hypothesis that excessively hard and strong deposits observed in the Hot-Gas Filtration vessel of a first-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) system were formed by solid-state diffusion and formation of “necks” at points of contact between MgSO4 and/or CaSO4 particles. The experimental results support this hypothesis and predict which limestone/dolomite minerals should be chosen as SOx sorbents.

Yujie Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • research progress of Hot Gas Filtration desulphurization and hcl removal in coal derived fuel Gas a review
    Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2012
    Co-Authors: Chao Wang, Haisheng Chen, Yongchen Song, Yujie Xu
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present review paper highlighted on the recent progress of Hot Gas Filtration, desulphurization and HCl removal in coal-derived fuel Gas for combined cycle power generation (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) technologies. As a critical process in the Gasification system, Hot Gas Filtration in the particulate control device (PCD) was introduced with enhanced understanding of equipment and operation, filter element and failsafe material properties, and Gasification ash characteristics. The issues associated with the commercialization of Hot Gas Filtration were also addressed, and some novel systems and methods were also discussed. The Hot Gas desulphurization in coal-derived fuel Gas has concentrated on developing regenerable sorbents including the single and composite oxides of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and other species, and the reduction of metal oxides in the highly reducing atmosphere followed by vaporization of elements can be a problem for reactivity and regeneration. With regard to the removal of HCl, the studies have indicated sorbents prepared by pelletizing the powders of naturally available alkali metal and alkali earth metal substances can rapidly react with HCl vapor and reduce the HCl vapor concentration to less than 1 ppmv, and some sorbents lab-made have very high chlorine capacity. The sorbents based Hot Gas cleaning also has some challenges. Kinetics studies showed that unreacted shrinking core (USC) can be applied to the modeling of H 2 S and HCl removal by sorbents at high temperature, and the surface chemical reaction and reactant diffusion by product layers between solid sorbents and Gases were very important mechanisms. The paper also proposed and discussed a rational concept for the simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants including ash, H 2 S and HCl, which will offer a possible cost reduction by two or more processes in a single vessel for Hot Gas cleaning.

Robert M. Baldwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bio-oil Stabilization and Upgrading by Hot Gas Filtration
    Energy & Fuels, 2013
    Co-Authors: Robert M. Baldwin, Calvin J. Feik
    Abstract:

    The objective of this research project was to test the hypothesis that separation of char with its associated mineral matter from pyrolysis vapors before condensation will lead to improved bio-oil ...

  • Pyrolysis Oil Stabilization: Hot-Gas Filtration; Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-09-333
    2012
    Co-Authors: Robert M. Baldwin
    Abstract:

    The hypothesis that was tested in this task was that separation of char, with its associated mineral matter from pyrolysis vapors before condensation, will lead to improved oil quality and stability with respect to storage and transportation. The metric used to evaluate stability in this case was a 10-fold reduction in the rate of increase of viscosity as determined by ASTM D445 (the accelerated aging test). The primary unit operation that was investigated for this purpose was Hot-Gas Filtration. A custom-built heated candle filter system was fabricated by the Pall Corporation and furnished to NREL for this test campaign. This system consisted of a candle filter element in a containment vessel surrounded by heating elements on the external surface of the vessel. The filter element and housing were interfaced to NREL?s existing 0.5 MTD pyrolysis Process Development Unit (PDU). For these tests the pyrolysis reactor of the PDU was operated in the entrained-flow mode. The HGF test stand was installed on a slipstream from the PDU so that both Hot-Gas filtered oil and bio-oil that was not Hot-Gas filtered could be collected for purposes of comparison. Two filter elements from Pall were tested: (1) porous stainless steel (PSS) sintered metalmore » powder; (2) sintered ceramic powder. An extremely sophisticated bio-oil condensation and collection system was designed and fabricated at NREL and interfaced to the filter unit.« less

Qiuran Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Multi-Scale Polyimide/Carbon Fibers Hybrid Filters for Hot Gas Filtration
    Materials Science Forum, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qian Nan Wang, Yu Ying Bai, Jian Fei Xie, Yi Ping Qiu, Qiuran Jiang
    Abstract:

    Increasing air pollution caused mainly by exhaust emission has become a serious concern for public health. In order to efficiently control the exhaust emission from the origin, Hot Gas Filtration is required in many industries, such as thermal power regeneration, metal refining/recycling, and biomass/coal Gasification. This study aimed to develop a hybrid filter composed with ultrafine fibrous polyimide (PI) Filtration layers and carbon woven fabric supporting layers for Hot Gas Filtration. Uniform PI ultrafine fibers around 200 nm with small pores about 2.2 μm were electrospun on carbon fabrics supporting layers to serve as the Filtration layer. During Filtration test, NaCl aerosols (0.3 mm), which mimicked PM 2.5 particles were accumulated on the top of Filtration layer and formed dust cake, but limited aerosols were observed on the carbon fabric supporting layers. It was proved that PI fiber mats played the key role in Filtration. The Filtration efficiency could be maintained above 95% after 9 min and reached 99.4 %. This research proved that the multi-scale polyimide/carbon fibers hybrid filters possessed the potential to serve as Filtration media in bag filters for Hot Gas Filtration.

  • multi scale polyimide carbon fibers hybrid filters for Hot Gas Filtration
    Materials Science Forum, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qian Nan Wang, Yu Ying Bai, Jian Fei Xie, Yi Ping Qiu, Qiuran Jiang
    Abstract:

    Increasing air pollution caused mainly by exhaust emission has become a serious concern for public health. In order to efficiently control the exhaust emission from the origin, Hot Gas Filtration is required in many industries, such as thermal power regeneration, metal refining/recycling, and biomass/coal Gasification. This study aimed to develop a hybrid filter composed with ultrafine fibrous polyimide (PI) Filtration layers and carbon woven fabric supporting layers for Hot Gas Filtration. Uniform PI ultrafine fibers around 200 nm with small pores about 2.2 μm were electrospun on carbon fabrics supporting layers to serve as the Filtration layer. During Filtration test, NaCl aerosols (0.3 mm), which mimicked PM 2.5 particles were accumulated on the top of Filtration layer and formed dust cake, but limited aerosols were observed on the carbon fabric supporting layers. It was proved that PI fiber mats played the key role in Filtration. The Filtration efficiency could be maintained above 95% after 9 min and reached 99.4 %. This research proved that the multi-scale polyimide/carbon fibers hybrid filters possessed the potential to serve as Filtration media in bag filters for Hot Gas Filtration.