The Experts below are selected from a list of 6366 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John V. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

James E Crowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Paramyxoviruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus
    Viral Infections of Humans, 2014
    Co-Authors: James E Crowe, John V. Williams
    Abstract:

    Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (MPV) are members of the family Paramyxoviridae of the Mononegavirales order, comprising the nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Paramyxoviridae has two subfamilies: Paramyxovirinae, which includes the parainfluenza viruses 1–4 and measles and mumps viruses, and Pneumovirinae, which includes RSV and MPV. Pneumovirinae has two genera: Pneumovirus, which includes Human RSV, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and pneumonia virus of mice, and Metapneumovirus, which includes Human MPV and avian Metapneumovirus, sometimes called avian pneumovirus.

  • Structure of the Human Metapneumovirus fusion protein with neutralizing antibody identifies a pneumovirus antigenic site.
    2012
    Co-Authors: Xiaolin Wen, James E Crowe, John V. Williams, Jens C. Krause, George P. Leser, Reagan G. Cox, Robert A. Lamb, Theodore S. Jardetzky
    Abstract:

    Human Metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus cause lower respiratory tract infections. The virus fusion (F) glycoprotein promotes membrane fusion by refolding from a metastable pre-fusion to a stable post-fusion conformation. F is also a major target of the neutralizing antibody response. Here we show that a potently neutralizing anti-Human Metapneumovirus antibody (DS7) binds a structurally invariant domain of F, revealing a new epitope that could be targeted in vaccine development.

  • Human Metapneumovirus as a major cause of Human respiratory tract disease.
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2004
    Co-Authors: James E Crowe
    Abstract:

    Background: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly identified paramyxovirus that appears to be one of the most significant and common viral infections in Humans. The virus, first isolated in 2001, is a clear cause of lower respiratory tract disease in both the very young and the frail elderly. The virus causes acute wheezing in children or, less commonly, croup or pneumonia. Methods/Results: Molecular epidemiology studies have shown that field strains exhibit sufficient sequence diversity to designate 2 subgroups of circulating viruses. Small animal and nonHuman primate models of infection have been described, which will allow studies of pathogenesis and immunity. Recombinant viruses have already been generated by several groups using reverse genetics, which facilitates the study of the biology of the virus and the generation of live attenuated vaccine candidates. Conclusions: Ongoing research promises to elucidate the molecular basis for pathogenesis and immunity of Human Metapneumovirus infections and to pave the way for rapid vaccine development.

  • Human Metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: John V. Williams, Sharon J Tollefson, Lisa L Halburntrush, Joyce M Pingsterhaus, Peter F Wright, Paul A Harris, Kathryn M. Edwards, James E Crowe
    Abstract:

    Background We sought to determine the role of Human Metapneumovirus in lower respiratory tract illness in previously healthy infants and children. Methods We tested nasal-wash specimens, obtained over a 25-year period from otherwise healthy children presenting with acute respiratory tract illness, for Human Metapneumovirus. Results A viral cause other than Human Metapneumovirus was determined for 279 of 687 visits for acute lower respiratory tract illness (41 percent) by 463 children in a population of 2009 infants and children prospectively seen from 1976 to 2001. There were 408 visits for lower respiratory tract illness by 321 children for which no cause was identified. Of these 321 children, specimens from 248 were available. Forty-nine of these 248 specimens (20 percent) contained Human Metapneumovirus RNA or viable virus. Thus, 20 percent of all previously virus-negative lower respiratory tract illnesses were attributable to Human Metapneumovirus, which means that 12 percent of all lower respiratory ...

  • Human Metapneumovirus as a major cause of Human respiratory tract disease.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2004
    Co-Authors: James E Crowe
    Abstract:

    Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly identified paramyxovirus that appears to be one of the most significant and common viral infections in Humans. The virus, first isolated in 2001, is a clear cause of lower respiratory tract disease in both the very young and the frail elderly. The virus causes acute wheezing in children or, less commonly, croup or pneumonia. Molecular epidemiology studies have shown that field strains exhibit sufficient sequence diversity to designate 2 subgroups of circulating viruses. Small animal and nonHuman primate models of infection have been described, which will allow studies of pathogenesis and immunity. Recombinant viruses have already been generated by several groups using reverse genetics, which facilitates the study of the biology of the virus and the generation of live attenuated vaccine candidates. Ongoing research promises to elucidate the molecular basis for pathogenesis and immunity of Human Metapneumovirus infections and to pave the way for rapid vaccine development.

Lawrence Corey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • brief communication fatal Human Metapneumovirus infection in stem cell transplant recipients
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Janet A Englund, Rhoda Morrow, Garrett W Nichols, David N. Fredricks, Robert C Hackman, Jane Kuypers, Michael Boeckh, Lawrence Corey
    Abstract:

    Background: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently discovered respiratory virus, is associated with clinical disease in young and elderly persons. Objective: To determine the importance of hMPV in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients. Design: Retrospective survey of patients with consecutive residual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Setting: Referral cancer center. Patients: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients who underwent BAL because of lower respiratory tract disease. Measurements: Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: Human Metapneumovirus was detected in BAL specimens from 5 of 163 patients (3.0%). Persistent viral infection was noted in 3 patients with several samples, and hMPV was detected in 1 of 2 lung specimens tested. Infected patients became symptomatic within the first 40 days after transplantation. Initial symptoms included fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Clinical findings included respiratory failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and culture-negative septic shock. Four of 5 patients died with acute respiratory failure. Limitations: This retrospective study did not evaluate asymptomatic patients or those with mild disease. Conclusion: Human Metapneumovirus infection in the lower respiratory tract is associated with respiratory failure in immunocompromised adults who were previously considered to have "idiopathic pneumonia." The infection may result in fulminant respiratory decompensation and shock after transplantation.

  • Brief communication: fatal Human Metapneumovirus infection in stem-cell transplant recipients.
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Janet A Englund, David N. Fredricks, Robert C Hackman, Jane Kuypers, Michael Boeckh, W. Garrett Nichols, Rhoda Ashley Morrow, Lawrence Corey
    Abstract:

    Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) usually affects children and the elderly. The authors found hMPV in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 5 of 163 hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients (3.0%) ...

Grazia M Revello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection and pathogenicity of Human Metapneumovirus respiratory infection in pediatric italian patients during a winter spring season
    Journal of Clinical Virology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Antonella Sarasini, Emilia Genini, Maria Torsellini, Antonietta Marchi, Stefania Paolucci, Giulia Campanini, Francesca Rovida, Fausto Baldanti, Elena Percivalle, Grazia M Revello
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Some diagnostic, epidemiological and clinical features of the recently discovered Human Metapneumovirus remain to be investigated. Objectives To study the best approach for the diagnosis of Human Metapneumovirus infections by both conventional and molecular methods, along with the Human Metapneumovirus circulation rate in northern Italy and the severity of Human Metapneumovirus respiratory infections in a pediatric patient population. Study design Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were taken from 306 pediatric patients during the winter–spring season 2003–2004, and examined for conventional respiratory viruses by direct fluorescent staining and cell culture, while Human coronavirus and Human Metapneumovirus were sought by RT-PCR. Results RT-PCR detected Human Metapneumovirus in 40/306 (13.1%) children positive for respiratory viruses, with an incidence intermediate between that of respiratory syncytial virus (58 patients, 18.9%) and that of influenzavirus infections (29 patients, 9.5%). Phylogenetic analysis showed cocirculation of both Human Metapneumovirus types (A and B) as well as their relevant subtypes (A1–A2 and B1–B2). Clinically, Human Metapneumovirus was found to be second to Human respiratory syncytial virus alone, as a cause of respiratory tract infections, while duration of virus excretion appeared to correlate with severity of infection, and virus load in NPA with the stage of respiratory infection. Conclusion (i) Human Metapneumovirus is a major viral pathogen in the Italian pediatric patient population; (ii) the severity of lower respiratory tract infections approaches that of Human respiratory syncytial virus; (iii) there are preliminary indications that the duration of virus excretion may reach 2–3 weeks and that the level of viral load in NPA correlates with the clinical stage of Human Metapneumovirus infection.

Janet A Englund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • brief communication fatal Human Metapneumovirus infection in stem cell transplant recipients
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Janet A Englund, Rhoda Morrow, Garrett W Nichols, David N. Fredricks, Robert C Hackman, Jane Kuypers, Michael Boeckh, Lawrence Corey
    Abstract:

    Background: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently discovered respiratory virus, is associated with clinical disease in young and elderly persons. Objective: To determine the importance of hMPV in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients. Design: Retrospective survey of patients with consecutive residual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Setting: Referral cancer center. Patients: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients who underwent BAL because of lower respiratory tract disease. Measurements: Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: Human Metapneumovirus was detected in BAL specimens from 5 of 163 patients (3.0%). Persistent viral infection was noted in 3 patients with several samples, and hMPV was detected in 1 of 2 lung specimens tested. Infected patients became symptomatic within the first 40 days after transplantation. Initial symptoms included fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Clinical findings included respiratory failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and culture-negative septic shock. Four of 5 patients died with acute respiratory failure. Limitations: This retrospective study did not evaluate asymptomatic patients or those with mild disease. Conclusion: Human Metapneumovirus infection in the lower respiratory tract is associated with respiratory failure in immunocompromised adults who were previously considered to have "idiopathic pneumonia." The infection may result in fulminant respiratory decompensation and shock after transplantation.

  • Brief communication: fatal Human Metapneumovirus infection in stem-cell transplant recipients.
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Janet A Englund, David N. Fredricks, Robert C Hackman, Jane Kuypers, Michael Boeckh, W. Garrett Nichols, Rhoda Ashley Morrow, Lawrence Corey
    Abstract:

    Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) usually affects children and the elderly. The authors found hMPV in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 5 of 163 hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients (3.0%) ...