The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Domenico Otranto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longrange eprinomectin 5 w v extended release injection efficacy against hypoderma lineatum in an endemic area in southern italy
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Steffen Rehbein, Becky Fankhauser, Alessio Giannelli, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Despite intensive control measures including governmental campaigns using highly-efficacious systemic insecticides, there is evidence for persisting or recurring bovine Hypoderma species populations in parts of Europe, the USA and Canada. The present study evaluated the efficacy of LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin 5% w/v extended-release injection) against the infestation of cattle with Hypoderma lineatum, which is considered to be the predominant bovine warble fly in southern Europe and in North America. METHODS: Thirty-six local breed cattle sourced in an endemic area in southern Italy and confirmed positive for Hypoderma exposure by ELISA were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 animals each. Cattle of one group served as control and received saline injectable solution, whereas those in the two other groups received LONGRANGE® by subcutaneous injection. LONGRANGE® was administered once, either when Hypoderma larvae were expected to be first-instars (L1) or after warbles development, with Hypoderma larvae moulting to the second-(L2) and third-(L3) instars. Cattle were checked at intervals for warbles and Hypoderma larvae were collected, examined for their viability and morphologically identified. The detection of Hypoderma on cattle was terminated when warbles were no longer emerging. RESULTS: All intact larvae collected were identified as H. lineatum. No live larvae were collected from any animal treated with LONGRANGE® while live specimens were sampled from nine of the 12 control cattle (1 to 9 larvae per animal) (P = 0.0001 at α = 0.05). LONGRANGE® treatment was well accepted and no adverse events related to treatment or other health problems were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the continued ‘preventive’ (efficacy against migrating L1) and ‘therapeutic’ (efficacy against L2 and L3 in warbles) efficacy of LONGRANGE® against H. lineatum infestation of cattle under contemporary field conditions.
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treatment and control of bovine hypodermosis with ivermectin long acting injection ivomec gold
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Greg Johnson, Kevin Syvrud, James S Hunter, S. Yoon, Steffen RehbeinAbstract:The studies reported here were conducted to assess the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial; 3.15 % w/v ivermectin) for the treatment and control of natural infestations of cattle by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, which are the most economically important oestrid flies of cattle in the northern hemisphere. Cattle selected from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were grouped into blocks of three (Italy, 33 cattle; Germany, 30 cattle) or two (USA, 16 cattle) animals each, on the basis of positivity at the pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titres. Within each block, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimens: saline (control); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of first-instar larvae (Italy, Germany, USA); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of second- and/or third-instar larvae (Italy, Germany). All treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in correspondence of the area anterior to the shoulder at 1 ml/50 kg body weight, which corresponds to 630 mcg IVM/kg for IVM LAI. No Hypoderma larvae emerged from animals treated with IVM LAI, whereas live H. lineatum (Italy) or H. bovis (Germany, USA) larvae were collected from saline-treated animals (P < 0.01). No adverse reactions to treatments were in any of the animals enrolled in the study. The results from this study demonstrate that ivermectin in a long-acting formulation is 100 % efficacious in the treatment of cattle naturally infested by H. bovis and H. lineatum larvae at all stages of development. IVM LAI can, therefore, be used as ‘prophylactic’ treatment for Hypoderma spp. infestations in absence of external evidence of their presence and thus prior to skin and carcass damage, and as ‘therapeutic’ treatment, when warbles are already present.
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analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused hypoderma species diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:Abstract Hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. Their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. The recent release of the whole mtDNA of Hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between tRNASer and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. The noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial genes (i.e., tRNASer and nd1) of the most diffused Hypoderma spp. (i.e., Hypoderma actaeon, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma diana, H. lineatum, Hypoderma sinense and Hypoderma tarandi) were analysed. Interspecific variations in amplicon size (from 20 to 102 bp in H. tarandi and H. lineatum, respectively) and nucleotide sequences allowed a genetic discrimination of the examined species providing information instrumental to a rapid molecular identification of Hypoderma spp.
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the mitochondrial genome of the common cattle grub hypoderma lineatum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16 354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were organized in the same order and orientation as in the mitochondrial genomes available for other species belonging to the Oestroidea superfamily and compared in this study [Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Dermatobia hominis (L.)], except for the occurrence of a 102-bp non-coding region partially present in other species. The complete sequence of H. lineatum will represent a useful dataset to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of mtDNA within Oestroidea by using molecular information in diagnostic, taxonomic and evolutionary studies.
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first description of the endogenous life cycle of hypoderma sinense affecting yaks and cattle in china
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, P Paradies, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Annunziata Giangaspero, Douglas D. ColwellAbstract:Larvae belonging to five species of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myiasis in wild and domestic ruminants that is characterized by migrations within deep tissues. In China hypodermosis is one of the most important arthropod diseases affecting ruminants and, moreover, represents a significant zoonosis, with numerous reports of Hypoderma spp. affecting farmers. Recently, a sixth species, Hypoderma sinense Pleske, has been rediscovered but the endogenous migration pathway within the host body is completely unknown and it represents a major constraint for the control of larval infection. In December 2003 a total of 165 larval stages of Hypoderma spp. were collected from different anatomical sites of 40 yaks slaughtered at an abattoir in the province of Gansu, China. The morphological characters and size of the recovered larvae were used to infer migratory routes and 45 specimens were also subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of cox1 mtDNA and amplicons sequenced. All the larvae molecularly processed were identified as H. sinense and sequence identity was confirmed by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tool carried out using Bfa I and Hinf I endonucleases. The finding of H. sinense larvae only in the oesophagus or both in oesophagus and subcutaneous tissue of 12 and 15 animals, respectively, indicates that H. sinense larvae migrate through the oesophagus similarly to Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers). The description of the endogenous life cycle of H. sinense will help to determine the timing of specific treatment programmes to guarantee the improvement of animal welfare and health, thus resulting in an increase in livestock production in China.
Steffen Rehbein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longrange eprinomectin 5 w v extended release injection efficacy against hypoderma lineatum in an endemic area in southern italy
Parasites & Vectors, 2019Co-Authors: Steffen Rehbein, Becky Fankhauser, Alessio Giannelli, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Despite intensive control measures including governmental campaigns using highly-efficacious systemic insecticides, there is evidence for persisting or recurring bovine Hypoderma species populations in parts of Europe, the USA and Canada. The present study evaluated the efficacy of LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin 5% w/v extended-release injection) against the infestation of cattle with Hypoderma lineatum, which is considered to be the predominant bovine warble fly in southern Europe and in North America. METHODS: Thirty-six local breed cattle sourced in an endemic area in southern Italy and confirmed positive for Hypoderma exposure by ELISA were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 animals each. Cattle of one group served as control and received saline injectable solution, whereas those in the two other groups received LONGRANGE® by subcutaneous injection. LONGRANGE® was administered once, either when Hypoderma larvae were expected to be first-instars (L1) or after warbles development, with Hypoderma larvae moulting to the second-(L2) and third-(L3) instars. Cattle were checked at intervals for warbles and Hypoderma larvae were collected, examined for their viability and morphologically identified. The detection of Hypoderma on cattle was terminated when warbles were no longer emerging. RESULTS: All intact larvae collected were identified as H. lineatum. No live larvae were collected from any animal treated with LONGRANGE® while live specimens were sampled from nine of the 12 control cattle (1 to 9 larvae per animal) (P = 0.0001 at α = 0.05). LONGRANGE® treatment was well accepted and no adverse events related to treatment or other health problems were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the continued ‘preventive’ (efficacy against migrating L1) and ‘therapeutic’ (efficacy against L2 and L3 in warbles) efficacy of LONGRANGE® against H. lineatum infestation of cattle under contemporary field conditions.
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treatment and control of bovine hypodermosis with ivermectin long acting injection ivomec gold
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Greg Johnson, Kevin Syvrud, James S Hunter, S. Yoon, Steffen RehbeinAbstract:The studies reported here were conducted to assess the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial; 3.15 % w/v ivermectin) for the treatment and control of natural infestations of cattle by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, which are the most economically important oestrid flies of cattle in the northern hemisphere. Cattle selected from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were grouped into blocks of three (Italy, 33 cattle; Germany, 30 cattle) or two (USA, 16 cattle) animals each, on the basis of positivity at the pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titres. Within each block, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimens: saline (control); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of first-instar larvae (Italy, Germany, USA); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of second- and/or third-instar larvae (Italy, Germany). All treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in correspondence of the area anterior to the shoulder at 1 ml/50 kg body weight, which corresponds to 630 mcg IVM/kg for IVM LAI. No Hypoderma larvae emerged from animals treated with IVM LAI, whereas live H. lineatum (Italy) or H. bovis (Germany, USA) larvae were collected from saline-treated animals (P < 0.01). No adverse reactions to treatments were in any of the animals enrolled in the study. The results from this study demonstrate that ivermectin in a long-acting formulation is 100 % efficacious in the treatment of cattle naturally infested by H. bovis and H. lineatum larvae at all stages of development. IVM LAI can, therefore, be used as ‘prophylactic’ treatment for Hypoderma spp. infestations in absence of external evidence of their presence and thus prior to skin and carcass damage, and as ‘therapeutic’ treatment, when warbles are already present.
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the efficacy of eprinomectin extended release injection against hypoderma spp diptera oestridae in cattle
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Steffen Rehbein, Larry L Smith, J E Holste, J L LloydAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was determined in cattle harboring naturally acquired infestations of first- or second- and third-stage larvae of Hypoderma spp. in three studies conducted according to the same protocol in the USA (two studies) and Germany (one study). Thirty cattle sourced from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were included in each study. Cattle were formed into replicates of three animals each on the basis of pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titers. Within replicates each animal was randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: ERI vehicle (control) at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight, administered once on Day 0; Eprinomectin 5% ERI at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg), administered once on Day 0 (when larvae were expected to be first instars); or Eprinomectin 5% ERI at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg), administered once when larvae were second or third instars (study dependent, Day 73, 119, or 140). Treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder. In all studies, emerging and/or expressed Hypoderma larvae were recovered, speciated, and counted and viability was determined. Eprinomectin LAI treatment was 100% (p
Douglas D. Colwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused hypoderma species diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:Abstract Hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. Their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. The recent release of the whole mtDNA of Hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between tRNASer and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. The noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial genes (i.e., tRNASer and nd1) of the most diffused Hypoderma spp. (i.e., Hypoderma actaeon, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma diana, H. lineatum, Hypoderma sinense and Hypoderma tarandi) were analysed. Interspecific variations in amplicon size (from 20 to 102 bp in H. tarandi and H. lineatum, respectively) and nucleotide sequences allowed a genetic discrimination of the examined species providing information instrumental to a rapid molecular identification of Hypoderma spp.
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the mitochondrial genome of the common cattle grub hypoderma lineatum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16 354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were organized in the same order and orientation as in the mitochondrial genomes available for other species belonging to the Oestroidea superfamily and compared in this study [Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Dermatobia hominis (L.)], except for the occurrence of a 102-bp non-coding region partially present in other species. The complete sequence of H. lineatum will represent a useful dataset to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of mtDNA within Oestroidea by using molecular information in diagnostic, taxonomic and evolutionary studies.
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first description of the endogenous life cycle of hypoderma sinense affecting yaks and cattle in china
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, P Paradies, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Annunziata Giangaspero, Douglas D. ColwellAbstract:Larvae belonging to five species of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myiasis in wild and domestic ruminants that is characterized by migrations within deep tissues. In China hypodermosis is one of the most important arthropod diseases affecting ruminants and, moreover, represents a significant zoonosis, with numerous reports of Hypoderma spp. affecting farmers. Recently, a sixth species, Hypoderma sinense Pleske, has been rediscovered but the endogenous migration pathway within the host body is completely unknown and it represents a major constraint for the control of larval infection. In December 2003 a total of 165 larval stages of Hypoderma spp. were collected from different anatomical sites of 40 yaks slaughtered at an abattoir in the province of Gansu, China. The morphological characters and size of the recovered larvae were used to infer migratory routes and 45 specimens were also subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of cox1 mtDNA and amplicons sequenced. All the larvae molecularly processed were identified as H. sinense and sequence identity was confirmed by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tool carried out using Bfa I and Hinf I endonucleases. The finding of H. sinense larvae only in the oesophagus or both in oesophagus and subcutaneous tissue of 12 and 15 animals, respectively, indicates that H. sinense larvae migrate through the oesophagus similarly to Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers). The description of the endogenous life cycle of H. sinense will help to determine the timing of specific treatment programmes to guarantee the improvement of animal welfare and health, thus resulting in an increase in livestock production in China.
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hypoderma sinense solving a century old enigma
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Douglas D. Colwell, Thomas PapeAbstract:. Among the species of Hypoderma (Diptera: Oestridae) that have been described and named over the last three centuries, Hypoderma sinense Pleske has been the subject of several scientific discussions. Hypoderma sinense was described by T. Pleske in 1926 on the basis of only three females collected by the Russian explorer P. K. Kozlov nearly 25 years earlier during a scientific expedition to China (1900–1901). This species was examined by the foremost oestrid authorities and synonomized with H. lineatum. Recently a unique, unidentified species of Hypoderma was observed to infect cattle and yaks in China. Molecular and morphological observations confirmed the unique nature of the third-stage larvae. This data initiated a debate within the scientific community regarding the proper name of this species, in particular with reference to previous taxonomical discussion on the validity of H. sinense. The present work provides a historical overview of the Russian scientific expeditions that collected the specimens and of the explorers and the entomologists who contributed to the description of H. sinense. The morphological examination of the original type material of H. sinense and the comparison with females of H. lineatum indicated that the H. sinense lectotype, deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, was within the range of variation of H. lineatum. Comparisons of the cox1 (688 bp) sequence obtained from the leg of a paralectotype of H. sinense with those of H. bovis (Linneaus), H. lineatum (De Villers) and of a sixth valid species of Hypoderma identified as ‘H. sinense’ available in GenBank revealed differences of 9.7%, 7.2% and 0.3%, respectively. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the nominal species H. sinense should be treated as valid.
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a third species of hypoderma diptera oestridae affecting cattle and yaks in china molecular and morphological evidence
Journal of Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, G Guan, Donato Traversa, Annunziata Giangaspero, Douglas D. Colwell, C??line BoulardAbstract:Cattle and yak hypodermosis in China is caused by Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum, with a prevalence reaching up to 98-100% of the animals and maximum intensities exceeding 400 warbles for each animal. A third species, H. sinense ,i s also considered by Chinese researchers to affect livestock. The molecular characterization of the most variable region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and of the ribosomal 28S gene has been performed for the third-stage larvae collected from cattle and yaks in China and identified (on the basis of the spinulation on the ventral side of the 10th segment) as H. bovis, H. lineatum, and H. sinense. Amplicons were digested with the HinfI and BfaI restriction enzymes, which provided diagnostic profiles to simultaneously differentiate the 3 Hypodermaspecies. Third-stage larvae of H. sinense were also examined by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed proper morphological characteristics different from those of H. bovis and H. lineatum. The molecular and morphological evidence herein reported support the existence of a third species of Hypoderma affecting cattle and yaks in China, and the results provide new tools for unequivocal identification of this species and present key components for the evaluation of its endogenous cycle and pathogenicity in animals and humans. Larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myia- sis to develop in warbles under the skin of domestic and wild ruminants (Zumpt, 1965). The most common species are Hy- poderma bovis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hypoderma lineatum(De Villers, 1789), mainly affecting cattle, Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858, Hypoderma actaeonBrauer, 1858, and Hypoder- ma tarandi (Linnaeus, 1758), affecting cervids (roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively). Myiasis caused by larvae of Hypoderma spp. greatly impairs livestock production and wild ruminant welfare by inducing mechanical damage to internal organs and skin and by down- regulating the host's immune system (Boulard, 1989; Chabaudie and Boulard, 1992; Scholl, 1993; Nicolas-Gaulard et al., 1995; Boulard, 2002). In addition to the 5 species noted above, 2 other species have been described by Zumpt (1965), i.e., Hypoderma capreola Rubtzov, 1939, which has also been considered as synonymous of H. diana (see Grunin, 1962), and Hypoderma moschiferi Brauer, 1863. An eighth species, H. sinense, was described by Pleske (1926), but the author did not make comparisons between the adult flies and those of the other species (Grunin, 1969) and did not deposit holotypes. Furthermore, this species has long been considered a synonym of H. lineatum (see Zumpt, 1965), thought to affect animals living in mountainous regions (Grun- in, 1969). Identification of third larval stages (L3) of Hypoderma spp. is currently performed using 3 morphological keys (James, 1947; Zumpt, 1965; Sugar, 1976) on the basis of the presence or absence of the spines on the ventral surface of the 10th segment or on the structure of the posterior spiracles. A com- parative description of H. bovis, H. lineatum, H. diana, H. ac- taeon, and H. tarandi has been made using scanning electron
Donato Traversa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused hypoderma species diptera oestridae
Veterinary Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:Abstract Hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. Their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. The recent release of the whole mtDNA of Hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between tRNASer and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. The noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial genes (i.e., tRNASer and nd1) of the most diffused Hypoderma spp. (i.e., Hypoderma actaeon, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma diana, H. lineatum, Hypoderma sinense and Hypoderma tarandi) were analysed. Interspecific variations in amplicon size (from 20 to 102 bp in H. tarandi and H. lineatum, respectively) and nucleotide sequences allowed a genetic discrimination of the examined species providing information instrumental to a rapid molecular identification of Hypoderma spp.
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the mitochondrial genome of the common cattle grub hypoderma lineatum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Stefania Weigl, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Filipe Dantastorres, Antonio Parisi, Douglas D. Colwell, Domenico OtrantoAbstract:The mitochondrial DNA of the cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) (Diptera: Oestridae) was completely sequenced. The entire molecule was 16 354 bp long and presented a heavy bias towards A + T, which accounted for 77.8% of the whole genome. Hypoderma lineatum genes were organized in the same order and orientation as in the mitochondrial genomes available for other species belonging to the Oestroidea superfamily and compared in this study [Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Dermatobia hominis (L.)], except for the occurrence of a 102-bp non-coding region partially present in other species. The complete sequence of H. lineatum will represent a useful dataset to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of mtDNA within Oestroidea by using molecular information in diagnostic, taxonomic and evolutionary studies.
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first description of the endogenous life cycle of hypoderma sinense affecting yaks and cattle in china
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, P Paradies, Donato Traversa, Gabriella Testini, Annunziata Giangaspero, Douglas D. ColwellAbstract:Larvae belonging to five species of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myiasis in wild and domestic ruminants that is characterized by migrations within deep tissues. In China hypodermosis is one of the most important arthropod diseases affecting ruminants and, moreover, represents a significant zoonosis, with numerous reports of Hypoderma spp. affecting farmers. Recently, a sixth species, Hypoderma sinense Pleske, has been rediscovered but the endogenous migration pathway within the host body is completely unknown and it represents a major constraint for the control of larval infection. In December 2003 a total of 165 larval stages of Hypoderma spp. were collected from different anatomical sites of 40 yaks slaughtered at an abattoir in the province of Gansu, China. The morphological characters and size of the recovered larvae were used to infer migratory routes and 45 specimens were also subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of cox1 mtDNA and amplicons sequenced. All the larvae molecularly processed were identified as H. sinense and sequence identity was confirmed by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) tool carried out using Bfa I and Hinf I endonucleases. The finding of H. sinense larvae only in the oesophagus or both in oesophagus and subcutaneous tissue of 12 and 15 animals, respectively, indicates that H. sinense larvae migrate through the oesophagus similarly to Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers). The description of the endogenous life cycle of H. sinense will help to determine the timing of specific treatment programmes to guarantee the improvement of animal welfare and health, thus resulting in an increase in livestock production in China.
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a third species of hypoderma diptera oestridae affecting cattle and yaks in china molecular and morphological evidence
Journal of Parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, G Guan, Donato Traversa, Annunziata Giangaspero, Douglas D. Colwell, C??line BoulardAbstract:Cattle and yak hypodermosis in China is caused by Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum, with a prevalence reaching up to 98-100% of the animals and maximum intensities exceeding 400 warbles for each animal. A third species, H. sinense ,i s also considered by Chinese researchers to affect livestock. The molecular characterization of the most variable region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and of the ribosomal 28S gene has been performed for the third-stage larvae collected from cattle and yaks in China and identified (on the basis of the spinulation on the ventral side of the 10th segment) as H. bovis, H. lineatum, and H. sinense. Amplicons were digested with the HinfI and BfaI restriction enzymes, which provided diagnostic profiles to simultaneously differentiate the 3 Hypodermaspecies. Third-stage larvae of H. sinense were also examined by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed proper morphological characteristics different from those of H. bovis and H. lineatum. The molecular and morphological evidence herein reported support the existence of a third species of Hypoderma affecting cattle and yaks in China, and the results provide new tools for unequivocal identification of this species and present key components for the evaluation of its endogenous cycle and pathogenicity in animals and humans. Larvae of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera, Oestridae) cause myia- sis to develop in warbles under the skin of domestic and wild ruminants (Zumpt, 1965). The most common species are Hy- poderma bovis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hypoderma lineatum(De Villers, 1789), mainly affecting cattle, Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858, Hypoderma actaeonBrauer, 1858, and Hypoder- ma tarandi (Linnaeus, 1758), affecting cervids (roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively). Myiasis caused by larvae of Hypoderma spp. greatly impairs livestock production and wild ruminant welfare by inducing mechanical damage to internal organs and skin and by down- regulating the host's immune system (Boulard, 1989; Chabaudie and Boulard, 1992; Scholl, 1993; Nicolas-Gaulard et al., 1995; Boulard, 2002). In addition to the 5 species noted above, 2 other species have been described by Zumpt (1965), i.e., Hypoderma capreola Rubtzov, 1939, which has also been considered as synonymous of H. diana (see Grunin, 1962), and Hypoderma moschiferi Brauer, 1863. An eighth species, H. sinense, was described by Pleske (1926), but the author did not make comparisons between the adult flies and those of the other species (Grunin, 1969) and did not deposit holotypes. Furthermore, this species has long been considered a synonym of H. lineatum (see Zumpt, 1965), thought to affect animals living in mountainous regions (Grun- in, 1969). Identification of third larval stages (L3) of Hypoderma spp. is currently performed using 3 morphological keys (James, 1947; Zumpt, 1965; Sugar, 1976) on the basis of the presence or absence of the spines on the ventral surface of the 10th segment or on the structure of the posterior spiracles. A com- parative description of H. bovis, H. lineatum, H. diana, H. ac- taeon, and H. tarandi has been made using scanning electron
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species identification of hypoderma affecting domestic and wild ruminants by morphological and molecular characterization
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Donato Traversa, Douglas D. Colwell, Jamie R. StevensAbstract:. Cuticular structures and the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I gene were compared for Hypoderma bovis (Linnaeus), Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers), Hypoderma actaeon Brauer, Hypoderma diana Brauer and Hypoderma tarandi (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Oestridae). Third-stage larvae of each species were examined by scanning electron microscopy revealing differences among species in the pattern and morphology of spines on the cephalic and thoracic segments, by spine patterns on the tenth abdominal segment, and by morphology of the spiracular plates. The morphological approach was supported by the molecular characterization of the most variable region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of these species, which was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analysed. Amplicons were digested with the unique restriction enzyme, BfaI, providing diagnostic profiles able to simultaneously differentiate all Hypoderma species examined. These findings confirm the utility of morphological characters for differentiating the most common Hypoderma larvae and reconfirm the power of the COI gene for studying insect identification and systematics.
Jamie R. Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species identification of hypoderma affecting domestic and wild ruminants by morphological and molecular characterization
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Donato Traversa, Douglas D. Colwell, Jamie R. StevensAbstract:. Cuticular structures and the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I gene were compared for Hypoderma bovis (Linnaeus), Hypoderma lineatum (De Villers), Hypoderma actaeon Brauer, Hypoderma diana Brauer and Hypoderma tarandi (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Oestridae). Third-stage larvae of each species were examined by scanning electron microscopy revealing differences among species in the pattern and morphology of spines on the cephalic and thoracic segments, by spine patterns on the tenth abdominal segment, and by morphology of the spiracular plates. The morphological approach was supported by the molecular characterization of the most variable region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of these species, which was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analysed. Amplicons were digested with the unique restriction enzyme, BfaI, providing diagnostic profiles able to simultaneously differentiate all Hypoderma species examined. These findings confirm the utility of morphological characters for differentiating the most common Hypoderma larvae and reconfirm the power of the COI gene for studying insect identification and systematics.
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molecular differentiation of hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum diptera oestridae by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism pcr rflp
Veterinary Parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Elvira Tarsitano, Donato Traversa, Jamie R. StevensAbstract:The most variable region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of Hypoderma bovis1 and Hypoderma lineatum2 (Diptera, Oestridae) was amplified by PCR and the amplicons were sequenced and analysed. PCR products were digested with three restriction enzymes, namely BfaI, HinfI and TaqI, providing informative profiles. H. bovis and H. lineatum sequences revealed an inter-specific variation rate of 8.5%, and an intra-specific variation rate of 0.87 and 0.29%, respectively. The results showed that the COI gene region examined was useful for the differentiation of H. bovis and H. lineatum and that a PCR-RFLP assay is a practical tool for their identification, offering additional diagnostic and epidemiological instruments for the study of cattle grub infestation.