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C Boulard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a successful sustainable and low cost control programme for bovine Hypodermosis in france
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: C Boulard, M Alvinerie, Gerard Argente, Jerome Languille, Laure Paget, Etienne Petit
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bovine Hypodermosis affecting livestock performance and the leather industry was still widespread in France up to the nineties despite successive directives from the Ministry of Agriculture since 1941, encouraging livestock owners to treat, on a voluntary basis. In 1969 the French Ministry of Agriculture, asked the national Farmers’ Animal Health Organisation (FAHO), to plan a durable Hypodermosis control programme and a working group including all the partners in cattle production was set up, under the coordination of the national FAHO. Improved systems of Hypodermosis control, including new treatment and surveillance methods were developed. Among the main benefits obtained from this original work, were (i) the identification of scientific data which allowed inexpensive and accurate immuno-surveillance procedures, and a highly effective low-cost treatment, Ivomec®, administered at the micro dose rate (2 μg/kg), which is environmentally non-threatening, and (ii) the development of a new strategy to manage the control programmes progressively, on a regional basis, in two to three concentric zones over three successive years at a maximum. The current programme, coordinated at the National level since 1998, has been implemented in each region of France. The compulsory systemic winter treatments directed against the endo-parasitic stage, carried out by technicians and veterinarians involved the entire bovine population in controlled zones. As each zone reached a Hypodermosis herd prevalence of under 5%, usually after two years, the treatments were suspended. However treatments of the infected farms and contiguous farms were maintained. An immuno-survey was carried out, each winter, to evaluate the prevalence of the disease and detect any residual foci or re-infestations. Since 2002, bovine Hypodermosis in France is under control with immuno-surveillance maintained at a very low cost. In 2006 Hypodermosis became a notifiable disease.

  • sero epidemiological surveillance of Hypodermosis in yaks and cattle in north china by elisa
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Guiquan Guan, Dongying Yang, Yanhua Wang, Zhisheng Dang, C Boulard
    Abstract:

    A large-scale serological surveillance was conducted for Hypodermosis in the north of China. A total of 4175 sera samples of yaks and cattle were collected from five provinces in north China that included Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiling and Gansu provinces, between 2001 and 2002, and were examined for anti-hypoderma antibody by ELISA. The results indicate that the naturally infested positive rates of Hypoderma spp. in the above provinces were 51.77%, 27.02%, 13.00%, 6.03% and 44.41%, respectively. These results suggest a significant warble fly population in the north of China. Positive sera were collected from infested cattle in Pingliang county of the Gansu province monthly between August 2001 and July 2002. These sera were used to evaluate the seasonal kinetics of anti-hypoderma antibody. The kinetics demonstrated that anti-hypoderma antibody was elevated from October to December. Thus, serological surveillances associated with low infestation rates and chemical therapy would best be performed from October to December in the region.

  • durably controlling bovine Hypodermosis
    Veterinary Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: C Boulard
    Abstract:

    Cattle Hypodermosis, due to insect larvae, is widely spread over the northern hemisphere. Very efficient insecticides are available and their use in most countries are done on an individual level but never cover the whole cattle population of a country. Untreated animals remain the reservoir of the disease and annually re-infest the cattle population. The economic effects of this disease on animal production (meat, milk and the leather industry) but also on the general cattle health status, have led many European countries to launch organised control programs. The first example of definitive Hypodermosis control goes back one hundred years ago when Danish farmers eradicated Hypodermosis from the Danish islands by manual elimination of the warbles. Since then, more and more European countries have considered the feasibility and economic returns of such programs. The various factors which foster these programs are related to (i) biological factors, (parasite cattle speci- ficity, synchronous biological cycles of both species of insects involved), (ii) the development of more and more efficient insecticides used only once a year by systemic application, with high effi- ciency at very low dosages against the first larval stage of Hypoderma spp., (iii) the development of acute techniques of detection of the disease for the monitoring of Hypodermosis free countries and (iv) the durable successful results obtained in more and more European countries. Although the pro- grams were imposed by different partners of the livestock channel production (farmers, dairy indus- try, leather industry) and have been engaged within the last 50 years in many European countries (Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Germany, France and Switzerland) common features have emerged among these different eradication programs. They all need a preliminary statement of the economic impact of this pest and the farmers' awareness of the economic returns of such programs. The programs'efficacy depends: (i) on a good knowledge of the epidemiology of the parasites, (ii) on the simultaneous implementation of the control program on the whole national cattle population whatever the structure monitoring the treatments (veterinary ser- vices, farmers association), (iii) on a national Warble fly legislation making the treatments compul- sory and (iv) on an acute epidemiological survey as soon as the status of a Hypodermosis free country is reached and the treatments are suspended. The sanitary and financial returns of such programs are a benefit to all the partners of livestock production, to the quality of the environment and to the consumers.

  • comparative efficacy of different insecticides in the treatment of cattle Hypodermosis in north eastern algeria
    Veterinary Research, 1998
    Co-Authors: A Benakhla, C Boulard, Bertrand Losson, J F Lonneux, D Benouareth
    Abstract:

    : The efficacy of different drugs (microdose of ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin at the recommended doses and topically applied rotenone) against the first, second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum was studied in cattle in the El Tarf area (northeastern Algeria). Before performing the efficacy trials, the life cycle of the warble fly was studied at the slaughterhouse between July 1993 and June 1994. This survey revealed that both species of warble fly were present in this area: L1 larvae of H. lineatum were found around the oesophagus between August and January, whereas L1 larvae of H. bovis were observed around the spine from November until March. Warbles were present under the skin from the end of October until May. The nymphal phase took place between February and May. As a result of this study the authors recommend applying chemoprophylaxis (treatment against L1) in September. This work also confirmed the excellent efficacy of avermectins and milbemycins against the three instar larvae of Hypoderma sp. under the field conditions prevailing in Algeria. Rotenone has a lower efficacy (95%) which is limited to the second and third instar larvae. However, this drug appears useful in dairy cattle.

  • the prevalence of bovine Hypodermosis in greece
    Parassitologia, 1997
    Co-Authors: E Papadopoulos, C Himonas, C Boulard
    Abstract:

    : Hypodermosis is a common parasitic disease of great importance on cattle production and breeding worldwide. In Greece, no reliable data are available regarding the extent of this infection and therefore, as expected, no national or regional control programme is being applied. In order to cover this lack of information, a total of 4200 cattle blood sera were collected from different parts of the country and tested for Hypodermosis using the ELISA method. The prevalence of the infection was found to be 37.4%, varying from place to place between 0.7 and 78.8%. The range of the infection per flock was from 0 up to 100%.

Domenico Otranto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Treatment and control of bovine Hypodermosis with ivermectin long-acting injection (IVOMEC® GOLD)
    Parasites & Vectors, 2016
    Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Greg Johnson, Kevin Syvrud, S Yoon, James S Hunter, Steffen Rehbein
    Abstract:

    Background The studies reported here were conducted to assess the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial; 3.15 % w/v ivermectin) for the treatment and control of natural infestations of cattle by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum , which are the most economically important oestrid flies of cattle in the northern hemisphere. Methods Cattle selected from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were grouped into blocks of three (Italy, 33 cattle; Germany, 30 cattle) or two (USA, 16 cattle) animals each, on the basis of positivity at the pre-treatment anti- Hypoderma antibody titres. Within each block, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimens: saline (control); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of first-instar larvae (Italy, Germany, USA); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of second- and/or third-instar larvae (Italy, Germany). All treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in correspondence of the area anterior to the shoulder at 1 ml/50 kg body weight, which corresponds to 630 mcg IVM/kg for IVM LAI. Results No Hypoderma larvae emerged from animals treated with IVM LAI, whereas live H. lineatum (Italy) or H. bovis (Germany, USA) larvae were collected from saline-treated animals ( P  

  • treatment and control of bovine Hypodermosis with ivermectin long acting injection ivomec gold
    Parasites & Vectors, 2016
    Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Greg Johnson, Kevin Syvrud, S Yoon, James S Hunter, Steffen Rehbein
    Abstract:

    The studies reported here were conducted to assess the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial; 3.15 % w/v ivermectin) for the treatment and control of natural infestations of cattle by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, which are the most economically important oestrid flies of cattle in the northern hemisphere. Cattle selected from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were grouped into blocks of three (Italy, 33 cattle; Germany, 30 cattle) or two (USA, 16 cattle) animals each, on the basis of positivity at the pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titres. Within each block, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimens: saline (control); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of first-instar larvae (Italy, Germany, USA); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of second- and/or third-instar larvae (Italy, Germany). All treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in correspondence of the area anterior to the shoulder at 1 ml/50 kg body weight, which corresponds to 630 mcg IVM/kg for IVM LAI. No Hypoderma larvae emerged from animals treated with IVM LAI, whereas live H. lineatum (Italy) or H. bovis (Germany, USA) larvae were collected from saline-treated animals (P < 0.01). No adverse reactions to treatments were in any of the animals enrolled in the study. The results from this study demonstrate that ivermectin in a long-acting formulation is 100 % efficacious in the treatment of cattle naturally infested by H. bovis and H. lineatum larvae at all stages of development. IVM LAI can, therefore, be used as ‘prophylactic’ treatment for Hypoderma spp. infestations in absence of external evidence of their presence and thus prior to skin and carcass damage, and as ‘therapeutic’ treatment, when warbles are already present.

  • Treatment and control of bovine Hypodermosis with ivermectin long-acting injection (IVOMEC® GOLD).
    Parasites & Vectors, 2016
    Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Greg Johnson, Kevin Syvrud, S Yoon, James S Hunter, Steffen Rehbein
    Abstract:

    The studies reported here were conducted to assess the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting injection (IVM LAI; IVOMEC® GOLD, Merial; 3.15 % w/v ivermectin) for the treatment and control of natural infestations of cattle by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum, which are the most economically important oestrid flies of cattle in the northern hemisphere. Cattle selected from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were grouped into blocks of three (Italy, 33 cattle; Germany, 30 cattle) or two (USA, 16 cattle) animals each, on the basis of positivity at the pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titres. Within each block, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimens: saline (control); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of first-instar larvae (Italy, Germany, USA); IVM LAI, administered at the predicted time of occurrence of second- and/or third-instar larvae (Italy, Germany). All treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in correspondence of the area anterior to the shoulder at 1 ml/50 kg body weight, which corresponds to 630 mcg IVM/kg for IVM LAI. No Hypoderma larvae emerged from animals treated with IVM LAI, whereas live H. lineatum (Italy) or H. bovis (Germany, USA) larvae were collected from saline-treated animals (P 

  • efficacy of moxidectin injectable and pour on formulations in a pilot control program against bovine Hypodermosis in southern italy
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2005
    Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Alessandro Agostini, Donato Traversa, Piermarino Milillo, Gioia Capelli
    Abstract:

    Bovine Hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae, which has a severe economic impact on the livestock industry. Though myiasis is widespread throughout Italy, no nationwide eradication program has ever been planned, unlike in other European Countries. With a view to setting up a national control program, a pilot study was carried out in Southern Italy on 9939 cattle bred in an area with a high prevalence of cattle Hypodermosis, using moxidectin 0.5% pour-on (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge) and 1% injectable (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge) formulations. At the recommended dosage, moxidectin displayed efficacy levels of 99.9% in the pour-on and 100% in the injectable formulation, whereas the microdose (1 mg per head regardless of body weight) was less effective (65.7%). This trial contributed to a significant reduction in infestation rates in the study area and represented the first step through which a national program for eradicating warble fly infestation in Italy.

  • cattle grub infestation by hypoderma sp in albania and risks for european countries
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Gabriella Testini, Pellumb Zalla, Selman Zanaj
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to estimate the presence and the seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in Albania, 625 head of cattle were bled during two sampling seasons (i.e. from February to March 2003 and from November to December 2003). The cattle came from three collection sites in Northern (site A), Central (site B) and Southern (site C) Albania. Milk samples were collected monthly from four animals from October 2002 to May 2003 during the lactating period. The animals were also clinically examined for the presence of warbles by manual palpation from April to July 2003 and 2004 and third instar larvae were collected and morphologically identified. Serum and milk samples were processed by ELISA. One hundred and thirty-three (38.6%) out of 344 and 116 (41.3%) out of 281 animals were found to be seropositive for Hypoderma during the first and the second sampling season. In particular, the animals from site C presented the highest percentage of seropositive results (i.e. 72.8% and 97.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) followed by the animals from sites A (i.e. 35.8% and 23.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) and B (i.e. 17.8% and 3.4% in the first and in second year, respectively). The kinetics of anti- Hypoderma antibodies in milk samples showed the highest antibody titres from October to February 2003. All the seropositive animals in both the sampling periods showed the presence of one or more warbles under the skin during April and May 2003 and 2004 and the third-stage larvae collected were morphologically identified as Hypoderma bovis . The results of this survey indicate that Hypodermosis is widespread in Albania and that early prophylactic treatments must be carried out accordingly. The hope is not only to reduce the parasitic intensity with obvious benefits for livestock production, but also to avoid the risk of spreading this parasitic disease to neighboring countries.

Sami Simsek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle in Nigde province of Turkey by comparison of commercial and indirect-ELISA methods.
    Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Karatepe, Bilge Karatepe, Sami Simsek, M Cayvaz, M Sevgili, Ibrahim Balkaya
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle of Nigde province, located in the centre of Turkey. A total of 183 serum samples were collected between December 2009 and February 2010 for this goal. The serum samples were analyzed with a commercial ELISA kit (Pourquier ELISA Hypodermosis bovine serum screening) and an indirect-ELISA (using antigen Hypodermin C) methods. The results of the tests with the commercial ELISA kit showed that 53 (28.9%) out of the 183 cattle were seropositive for Hypodermosis. Eleven (18.3%) out of the 60 female and 42 (34.1%) out of the 123 male, were found to be seropositive. The seropositivity rate was calculated as 21.8% (40/183) by indirectELISA, and the seroprevalence was 18.3% (11/60) and 23.5% (29/123) in female and males, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed when the two test methods for detecting seropositivity of Hypoderma were compared (p

  • an overview on different aspects of Hypodermosis current status and future prospects
    Acta Tropica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Haroon Ahmed, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek
    Abstract:

    Abstract Livestock plays a vital role in economic development of a nation and is being used in agriculture for draft power, production of farmyard manure as well as milk and meat production. Bovine Hypodermosis is the top culprit among all parasitic infections across the world. Hypodermosis is an endemic disease in the mountainous areas/plain areas and is regularly observed in the northern hemisphere of the globe affecting cattle, deer, yaks and buffaloes. There is a wide variation in geographical distribution of Hypoderma spp. during the years 1945–2015. The manuscript includes a geospatial study that tries to maps the global distribution of Hypodermosis in different areas of the world in order to detect hotspots or endemic areas that may be a potential source for disease spread. This information’s are very useful to predict the potential high risk areas that are prone to disease outbreak. The present review aims to evaluate the global distribution, molecular discrimination, diagnostics and vaccination of Hypodermosis, focusing on its current status and future perspectives towards the management of the disease and its control strategies.

  • seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle in nigde province of turkey by comparison of commercial and indirect elisa methods
    Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Karatepe, Bilge Karatepe, Sami Simsek, M Cayvaz, M Sevgili, Ibrahim Balkaya
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle of Nigde province, located in the centre of Turkey. A total of 183 serum samples were collected between December 2009 and February 2010 for this goal. The serum samples were analyzed with a commercial ELISA kit (Pourquier ELISA Hypodermosis bovine serum screening) and an indirect-ELISA (using antigen Hypodermin C) methods. The results of the tests with the commercial ELISA kit showed that 53 (28.9%) out of the 183 cattle were seropositive for Hypodermosis. Eleven (18.3%) out of the 60 female and 42 (34.1%) out of the 123 male, were found to be seropositive. The seropositivity rate was calculated as 21.8% (40/183) by indirectELISA, and the seroprevalence was 18.3% (11/60) and 23.5% (29/123) in female and males, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed when the two test methods for detecting seropositivity of Hypoderma were compared (p<0.001). This study is to the best of our knowledge the first serological survey on Hypodermosis in cattle from the Nigde province of Turkey.

  • a serological and molecular survey of cattle Hypodermosis in east turkey
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ibrahim Balkaya, Sami Simsek, Cem Ecmel Saki
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle in East-Turkey and to identify Hypoderma species using morphological and molecular methods. For this purpose, a total of 778 serum samples of cattle were collected from Erzurum provinces of east-Turkey from December 2008 to February 2009. The sera were analyzed using a Hypodermin C antigen by means of indirect ELISA. In addition, 10 Hypoderma spp. larvae were collected from slaughtered animals in the abattoir for morphological identification and molecular characterization on the basis of mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP. Two hundred and twenty three (28.6%) out of 778 cattle were seropositive for hypoderma antibodies. All positive cattle were female of a local breed. Seven out of 10 Hypoderma larvae were morphologically classified as third instar larvae (L3) of H. bovis and 3 were classified as L3 of H. lineatum. The TaqI restriction enzyme was used to differentiate the Hypoderma species on the basis of the 438 and 250 bp bands for H. bovis and the 488 and 200 bp bands for H. lineatum resulting from PCR-RFLP. According to the alignment of the mitochondrial CO1 sequences of the Hypoderma species and the PCR-RFLP results, all examined larva samples were classified as H. bovis.

  • seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle in some provinces of turkey
    Research in Veterinary Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Sami Simsek, Armagan Erdem Utuk, Ergun Koroglu, Nazir Dumanli
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hypodermosis in cattle in the east and southeast of Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 634 sera samples of cattle were collected from Malatya, Elazig and Diyarbakir provinces of east and southeast of Turkey from November 2005 to February 2006. The sera were analyzed using a Hypodermin C antigen by means of indirect ELISA. One hundred and forty eight (23.3%) out of 634 cattle were seropositive for hypoderma antibodies. The highest percentage of seropositivity were detected at Elazig province (26.3%) followed by Malatya (22.3%) and Diyarbakir provinces (22.1%). The seropositivity rate was higher in female (31%) than male (14.1%). When the mean is considered by animal breed, the highest seropositivity was detected at local breed (27.7%) following crossbreed (26.8%) and purebreed (19.7%). There was a positive relation between age and seropositivity. Seropositivity rate was 15.9% in 2 and under ages while these rates were 38.1% and 30.4% in 3–4 ages and 5 and up ages, respectively.

C Villejoubert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sero surveillance of Hypodermosis in a herd under therapeutic control effect of a low level of infestation
    Veterinary Parasitology, 1996
    Co-Authors: C Boulard, C Villejoubert, Nathalie Moiré, Bertrand Losson, J F Lonneux
    Abstract:

    Abstract A cattle herd from the experimental farm of INRA in Nouzilly has been treated for Hypodermosis since October 1990. Additionally, a regional eradication scheme has been implemented in this area since autumn 1992. Bi-monthly warble counts were performed between March and July each year on an average of 200 animals. No warble was recorded in this herd from 1991 to 1994 with the exception of two dairy cows in 1993. In autumn 1994, therapeutic control measures were stopped. Serological surveys were performed in the autumn of each year from 1991 until 1995. Anti-Hypoderma antibodies were found in 25%, 27.2%, 4.3%, 3.2% and 0% of the animals respectively. An experimental low infestation was conducted in the summer of 1994. During the spring 1994, third instars of Hypoderma bovis were collected from naturally infested animals. From a total of 13 pupae, six adults (four males and two females) emerged and were released in the herd of Nouzilly on 24 June and 4 July. In October 1994 serological investigations revealed two animals seropositive for Hypodermosis. This number increased to six in January 1995. The antibody kinetics of these six animals remained parallel throughout the next 6 months: the titres increased up to April and started to fall in May to return to negative values in August. Manual examinations of the animals at weekly intervals between April and July revealed the presence of four warbled animals with one, one, two and three warbles respectively. The two other seropositive animals remained warble free. One other animal showed antibody titre fluctuations between negative and low positive values, but was warble free in the spring. In October 1995 all the animals of the herd were seronegative. The interpretation and the value of a sensitive immunodiagnosis in a large eradication programme are discussed and compared with warble counts, especially in the case of a low level of infestation.

  • the response of cattle vaccinated with hypodermin a to a natural infestation of hypoderma bovis and hypoderma lineatum
    International Journal for Parasitology, 1991
    Co-Authors: N Chabaudie, C Villejoubert, C??line Boulard
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chabaudie N. , Villejoubert C. and Boulard C. 1991. The response of cattle vaccinated with hypodermin A to a natural infestation of Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum . International Journal for Parasitology 21 : 859–862. In this study, we have determined whether immunization with hypodermin A (HA), associated with various adjuvants, could provide protective immunity for calves when challenged with a natural hypoderma infestation. Groups of naive calves were vaccinated with HA antigen alone or with adjuvants [Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) or alumina phosphate (AP)]. Subcutaneous injection with HA antigen with or without adjuvant did not significantly protect calves against a natural Hypodermosis infestation. The humoral response during the infestation period was evaluated by ELISA. A significant earlier and greater response was induced in groups vaccinated with HA alone and HA combined with FIA. These results indicate that HA, in this vaccination protocol, induces a very incomplete protection in calves exposed to a natural infestation.

  • use of pooled serum or milk samples for the epidemiological surveillance of bovine Hypodermosis
    Veterinary Parasitology, 1991
    Co-Authors: C Boulard, C Villejoubert
    Abstract:

    Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used on pooled serum and milk samples to determine whether Hypodermosis could be detected where a larger sero-epidemiological survey was required. This study was undertaken to assess the potential of this assay for testing sera on milk samples, pooled from 10 cows, and determining the period of the year when detection was optimal. The sensitivity of the assay was determined by increasingly diluting a positive serum with pooled negative sera, from 1 : 10 to 1 : 100. The diagnostic lower limit of the assay requires at least two serological reactors within a herd of 100. The kinetic development and depletion of anti- Hypoderma antibody of individual and pooled sera or milk from 30 cows was evaluated from November to July. Anti- Hypoderma antibody levels of two groups of 8 calves, one control and one treated with ivermectin (Ivomec), were tested from October to June. These preliminary results indicate that an ELISA assay on serum or milk samples pooled from 10 cows can be used between February and April to evaluate the prevalence of Hypodermosis within cattle herds in France, demonstrating the feasibility of using pooled serum already collected for bovine leucosis testing.

Haroon Ahmed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development of indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of bovine Hypodermosis (Hypoderma lineatum) in the cattle of subtropical region of Pakistan.
    Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020
    Co-Authors: Haroon Ahmed, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Saira Asif, Irfan Mustafa, Rosario Panadero-fontán, C. Lopéz Sandez, Abdul Ghani, Shahab Naqvi, Iftikhar Ahmad, Mazhar Qayyum
    Abstract:

    Summary The aim of this study was to develop an indirect ELISA for the detection of Hypoderma lineatum antibodies and to determine the influence of seroepidemiological factors on the seroprevalence of bovine Hypodermosis in cattle of subtropical region of Pakistan. For this purpose a total of 1000 blood samples were taken from twenty eight villages of Rawalpindi, Attock, Chakwal and Jhelum districts. First instar larvae (L1) of the warble fly were collected from the surrounding abattoirs to obtain the antigen (HyC) used for development of indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence was 17.4% (174/1000). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in the Rawalpindi district (28.81%), followed by Attock (21.51%), Jhelum (10%) and Chakwal (6.66%). In present study the sensitivity and specificity was 97.28% and 96.44%, respectively. The epidemiological factors showed that the village having hilly locations, local breed, young animals, water bodies, extensive grazing, primary exposed and non medicated were more seropositive as compare to others (P

  • Prevalence of bovine Hypodermosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from Jhelum District, Pakistan.
    Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020
    Co-Authors: Haroon Ahmed, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Saira Asif, Irfan Mustafa, Rosario Panadero-fontán, C. Lopéz Sandez, Abdul Ghani, Munib Hussain, Aftab Ahmad, Shahab Naqvi
    Abstract:

    Hypodermosis is an endemic disease in semi-hilly and mountainous areas of Pakistan. Keeping in view the importance of buffaloes an epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Hypodermosis in district Jhelum Punjab, Pakistan, during the year 2010-2011. Out of 1000 buffaloes examined clinically in the study area, 32 (3.2%) found to be positive for the warble fly infestation. The number of nodules in the infested animals ranged from 1-5 (2.7±1.1). There were significant differences (P

  • A computational structural analysis of functional attributes of hypodermin A and B proteins: A way forward for vaccine development.
    Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Irum Arif, Haroon Ahmed, Saira Asif, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Abdul Rauf Siddiqi, Muhammad Inam Afzal, Muhammad Umer, Arooma Maryam, Rana Rehan Khalid, Shabnum Shaheen
    Abstract:

    Hypodermosis is a parasitic disease of cattle. The pathogenicity of the disease is attributed to Hypodermin proteins (Hypodermin A, Hypodermin B and Hypodermin C). Studies suggest that Hypodermin proteins may be defined as Serine proteases and collagenases. The structure of both proteases Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B were modeled using the Swiss-model server followed by its validation using Procheck, Errat and Verify-3D. Afterwards, both Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B were docked against collagen in order to study its interaction with respective Hypodermin proteins. The structure of both Hypodermin A and Hypodermin B showed more bent towards hydrophobic nature as more beta sheets were present in them. Both structures were also superimposed to check out similarities and differences present between them. Serine, Aspartic acid, Histidine, Glutamic acid and Lysine are found as interacting residues that are involved in hydrogen bonding with collagen. The interactions are found in the active domain region of Hypodermin proteins. The interacting residues were present in the active region of the hypodermin proteins thus validating the docking studies. This study may help in the drug development against Hypodermosis with least side effects.

  • an overview on different aspects of Hypodermosis current status and future prospects
    Acta Tropica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Haroon Ahmed, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek
    Abstract:

    Abstract Livestock plays a vital role in economic development of a nation and is being used in agriculture for draft power, production of farmyard manure as well as milk and meat production. Bovine Hypodermosis is the top culprit among all parasitic infections across the world. Hypodermosis is an endemic disease in the mountainous areas/plain areas and is regularly observed in the northern hemisphere of the globe affecting cattle, deer, yaks and buffaloes. There is a wide variation in geographical distribution of Hypoderma spp. during the years 1945–2015. The manuscript includes a geospatial study that tries to maps the global distribution of Hypodermosis in different areas of the world in order to detect hotspots or endemic areas that may be a potential source for disease spread. This information’s are very useful to predict the potential high risk areas that are prone to disease outbreak. The present review aims to evaluate the global distribution, molecular discrimination, diagnostics and vaccination of Hypodermosis, focusing on its current status and future perspectives towards the management of the disease and its control strategies.

  • risk mapping of bovine Hypodermosis using geographical information system gis in cattle of subtropical region pakistan
    Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mobushir Riaz Khan, Rosario Panaderofontan, Haroon Ahmed, Ceferino Lopezsandez, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Saira Asif, Irfan Mustafa, Hamid Raza, Mazhar Qayyum
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Hypodermosis is an ectoparasitic disease of cattle caused by Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis. It is an important health problem of cattle, leading to considerable economic losses. There are various factors that are involved in the spread of this disease such as herd size, location, temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Methodology: Blood samples from 112 herds were collected to determine the presence of Hypoderma spp. infestation. For these herds, size and location were determined; temperature, humidity, and precipitation data were obtained from meteorological stations; and topographic features were obtained from existing maps and through field work. A regression analysis was then used to generate a risk factor analysis profile for Hypodermosis and geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the risks. Results: The GIS map developed showed the degree of infestation in different geographical locations at district and village levels. Cluster analysis demonstrated that Hypodermosis prevalence varied within zones and across zones. The regression analysis showed that the temperature in the months of January, February, March, August, and November, and the precipitation in September and October had significant results (p < 0.05) when all the risks factors were analyzed. Conclusions: It is concluded that different ecological factors have an important impact on the intensity and infestation rate of Hypodermosis across the globe. The present study might be used to control and eradicate the Hypodermosis across the globe.