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Chen Shao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does the gonostomum patterned oral apparatus in Hypotrichia carry a phylogenetic signal evidence from morphological and molecular data based on extended taxon sampling using three nuclear genes ciliophora spirotrichea
Science China-life Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Jingyi Wang, Alan Warren, Yan Zhao, Zhao Lyu, Chen ShaoAbstract:The classification of Hypotrichs based on the gonostomatid oral structure is widely accepted, but the phylogenetic signal of this character is unknown. Here, we infer the species phylogeny of those gonostomatids for which molecular data are available, plus 26 new sequences of SSU-rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU-rDNA genes. The results indicate that: (i) the endoral is more phylogenetically informative than the paroral; (ii) the structure of the endoral and the Gonostomum-pattern adoral zone of membranelles are plesiomorphies for the Hypotrichs sensu stricto; (iii) the group of species possessing these features is monophyletic in all our phylogenetic analyses, except that for the SSU-rDNA; (iv) Schmidingerotrichidae is monophyletic in all trees, suggesting that it is a well-defined family; (v) the Gonostomatidae is polyphyletic in the SSU-rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 trees, with Gonostomum, Cladotricha, Cotterillia, Metagonostomum, Paragonostomum and Wallackia distributed among separate clades, but monophyletic in the LSU-rDNA and concatenated trees; (vi) higher Hypotrich taxa such as core urostyloids and core sporadotrichids/stichotrichids might have evolved from species that possessed a gonostomatid oral apparatus.
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morphology morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate sterkiella multicirrata sp nov ciliophora Hypotrichia from china
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Dan Luo, Miao Miao, Chen ShaoAbstract:The morphology and morphogenesis of a new soil Hypotrich ciliate, Sterkiella multicirrata sp. nov., was investigated using live observation and protargol staining. The new species is characterised by: body elliptical, 110-180 × 45-75 μm in vivo, an average of 35 adoral membranelles; usually 19 frontoventral-transverse cirri, consisting of three frontal, five frontoventral, one buccal, four postoral ventral, two pretransverse, and four transverse cirri; four macronuclear nodules, and 2-5 micronuclei. S. multicirrata sp. nov. differs from its congeners mainly in the number of frontoventral-transverse cirri and macronuclear nodules. Morphogenesis of the new species is similar to its congeners; the primary difference exists in the segmentation of the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, which is usually generated in a 1:2:3:3:5:5 pattern. Based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence, the phylogenetic position of the new species is discussed.
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morphology cell division and phylogeny of schmidingerothrix elongata spec nov ciliophora Hypotricha and brief guide to Hypotrichs with gonostomum like oral apparatus
European Journal of Protistology, 2018Co-Authors: Jie Huang, Chen Shao, Helmut BergerAbstract:The Hypotrich Schmidingerothrix elongata spec. nov., discovered in saline (20‰) soil of the Longfeng Wetland, Daqing, northern China, was studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. It is characterized, inter alia, by colorless cortical granules arranged in short rows, three frontoventral cirral rows with the rightmost extending far posteriorly, and 4-8, usually six macronuclear nodules. Cell division proceeds as in congeners and confirms the lack of dorsal ciliature. In phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, S. elongata is sister of S. salinarum+Paracladotricha salina. A re-investigation of the type slides of P. salina, type of Paracladotricha, revealed a misobservation in the original description. Since P. salina lacks, like Schmidingerothrix spp., a dorsal ciliature, Paracladotricha becomes a junior, subjective synonym of Schmidingerothrix with S. salina comb. nov. as fourth species. A review of the phylogenetic analyses dealing with Schmidingerothrix shows that its position is variable. However, together with the gonostomatid oral apparatus it can be hypothesized that Schmidingerothrix is a member of the Gonostomatidae or a close relative. A list of genera (14) and species (58) which have - like Schmidingerothrix - a gonostomatid oral apparatus, as well as a key to these genera are provided.
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morphology morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a novel saline soil ciliate lamtostyla salina n sp ciliophora Hypotricha
European Journal of Protistology, 2016Co-Authors: Jingyi Dong, Chen Shao, Jie Huang, Khaled A S AlrasheidAbstract:The morphology and morphogenesis of a new saline soil Hypotrich, Lamtostyla salina n. sp., collected from Longfeng Wetland in Daqing, north China, were studied based on live observations and protargol stained specimens. The new species is characterized as follows: body very flexible but not contractile, lanceolate with anterior end broadly rounded, widest at about 1/3 of body length, posterior end narrowly rounded; cortical granules colourless and scattered; amphisiellid median cirral row ends ahead of mid-body, composed of 5-13 cirri; 4-20 frontoventral cirri arranged in 2-4 rows; three frontal, one buccal and 2-6 transverse cirri; usually one left and one right marginal row, composed of 17-51 and 20-51 cirri respectively; usually two dorsal kineties; two macronuclear nodules and two micronuclei. Morphogenesis is typical of the genus Lamtostyla: parental structures are involved in the formation of frontoventral transverse anlagen in the proter. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that the systematic position of Lamtostyla is rather unstable with low support values across the tree. However, a well-recognized close relationship between Lamtostyla and Bistichella are shown in all phylogenetic analyses.
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morphology morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a novel saline soil ciliate lamtostyla salina n sp ciliophora Hypotricha
European Journal of Protistology, 2016Co-Authors: Chen Shao, Jingyi Dong, Jie Huang, Khaled A S AlrasheidAbstract:The morphology and morphogenesis of a new saline soil Hypotrich, Lamtostyla salina n. sp., collected from Longfeng Wetland in Daqing, north China, were studied based on live observations and protargol stained specimens. The new species is characterized as follows: body very flexible but not contractile, lanceolate with anterior end broadly rounded, widest at about 1/3 of body length, posterior end narrowly rounded; cortical granules colourless and scattered; amphisiellid median cirral row ends ahead of mid-body, composed of 5-13 cirri; 4-20 frontoventral cirri arranged in 2-4 rows; three frontal, one buccal and 2-6 transverse cirri; usually one left and one right marginal row, composed of 17-51 and 20-51 cirri respectively; usually two dorsal kineties; two macronuclear nodules and two micronuclei. Morphogenesis is typical of the genus Lamtostyla: parental structures are involved in the formation of frontoventral transverse anlagen in the proter. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that the systematic position of Lamtostyla is rather unstable with low support values across the tree. However, a well-recognized close relationship between Lamtostyla and Bistichella are shown in all phylogenetic analyses. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Xumiao Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an integrative investigation of parabistichella variabilis protista ciliophora Hypotrichia including its general morphology ultrastructure ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Jingyi Dong, Xumiao Chen, Yongqiang Liu, Xinpeng Fan, Alan WarrenAbstract:Hypotrichs are a highly differentiated and very diverse group of ciliated protists. Their systematics and taxonomy are challenging and call for detailed investigations on their general morphology, ultrastructure, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny. Here, a comprehensive study is conducted on a brackish water population of Parabistichella variabilis using light and electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data. Its morphology, including the infraciliature, pellicle, nuclei, buccal seal, and extrusomes, is documented. The present findings indicate that in P. variabilis: (i) the cortical granules are extrusomes, which differ from those of other Hypotrichs; (ii) the buccal seal is bounded by the plasma membrane and contains a single layer of longitudinal microtubules; (iii) two contractile vacuoles might be present rather than one; and (iv) the pharyngeal disks are bounded by a single membrane. Early-to-middle stages of ontogenesis are described for the first time, enabling the complete characterization of this process. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Parabistichella variabilis is closely related to several species from different genera, such as Orthoamphisiella breviseries, Uroleptoides magnigranulosus, and Tachysoma pellionellum. However, ultrastructural and gene sequence data for more taxa are needed in order to resolve the systematics of Parabistichella.
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morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new Hypotrich ciliate pseudourostyla guizhouensis sp nov from southern china with notes on a chinese population of hemicycliostyla franzi foissner 1987 paiva et al 2012 ciliophora Hypotricha
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Zhao Lyu, Alan Warren, Kexin Zhou, Xumiao ChenAbstract:The morphology and molecular phylogeny of a soil Hypotrich ciliate, Pseudourostyla guizhouensis sp. nov., collected from southern China, were investigated. Pseudourostyla guizhouensis sp. nov. has an elongate elliptical body measuring 180–310 × 65–85 μm in vivo; invariably two right and three or four left marginal rows; six or seven dorsal kineties; adoral zone consisting of 57–70 membranelles; 12–16 frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, 13–20 midventral pairs, two frontoterminal cirri, two pre-transverse ventral cirri, and five to seven transverse cirri. Morphogenesis during physiological regeneration indicates that the marginal rows of each side originate from a common anlage that differentiates into several rows. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rDNA sequence data reveals that P. guizhouensis sp. nov. clusters with the type species P. cristata (Jerka-Dziadosz, 1964) Borror, 1972 and that the genus Pseudourostyla is monophyletic. The morphological characters of another soil Hypotrich ciliate, Hemicycliostyla franzi (Foissner, 1987) Paiva et al., 2012, are also described based on a Chinese (Guizhou) population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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morphology and morphogenesis of a soil ciliate rigidohymena candens kahl 1932 berger 2011 ciliophora Hypotricha oxytrichidae with notes on its molecular phylogeny based on small subunit rdna sequence data
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Xumiao Chen, Ying Yan, Mingzhuang Zhu, Alan WarrenAbstract:The morphology and morphogenesis of the stylonychine Hypotrich Rigidohymena candens (Kahl, 1932) Berger, 2011, isolated from garden soil in Qingdao, China, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation methods. The Qingdao isolate possesses all diagnostic morphological characters of R. candens. The main events during binary fission are as follows: (i) the proter retains the parental adoral zone of membranelles entirely, whereas the old undulating membranes dedifferentiate into an anlage that gives rise to the leftmost frontal cirrus and the new undulating membranes of the proter; (ii) five streaks of fronto-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen are segmented in the pattern 3 : 3 : 3 : 4 : 4 from left to right, which form two frontal, four frontoventral, one buccal, five ventral and five transverse cirri, respectively; (iii) dorsal morphogenesis is in the typical Oxytricha pattern; (iv) three caudal cirri are formed, one at the posterior end of each of dorsal kineties 1, 2 and 4; and (v) the postoral ventral cirrus V/3 is not involved in primordia formation. The morphological and morphogenetic observations and phylogenetic analyses based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence data support the validity of Rigidohymena Berger, 2011 and its systematic position in the subfamily Stylonychinae.
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Phylogeny and systematic revision of the family Pseudokeronopsidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotricha), with description of a new estuarine species of Pseudokeronopsis
Zoologica Scripta, 2011Co-Authors: Xumiao Chen, John C. Clamp, Weibo SongAbstract:Chen, X., Clamp, J. C. & Song, W. (2011). Phylogeny and systematic revision of the family Pseudokeronopsidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotricha), with description of a new estuarine species of Pseudokeronopsis. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 659–671. The family Pseudokeronopsidae is a taxon of Hypotrich ciliates with a history of uncertainty regarding its systematic and phylogenetic relationships to other members of the order Urostylida. Phylogenetic analyses of pseudokeronopsids were made using all available molecular and morphological information, and the patterns of morphogenesis of the group were reinvestigated. Results clearly demonstrated that the genera Thigmokeronopsis and Apokeronopsis are not confamilial with Pseudokeronopsis and Nothoholosticha but, instead, must be transferred to the family Urostylidae. A new estuarine species, Pseudokeronopsis erythrina sp. n. was discovered and described using a combination of morphological and molecular characters. Species of Pseudokeronopsis are difficult to characterize but can be distinguished from one another by a combination of morphological and morphogenetic characters. Pseudokeronopsis similis is a freshwater species that has significant morphogenetic differences with other members of the genus and may not be congeneric with them.
Thiago Da Silva Paiva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic redefinition of the Hypotricha alveolata ciliophora based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular characters
Protist, 2020Co-Authors: Thiago Da Silva PaivaAbstract:The systematics of Hypotricha is one of the most puzzling problems in ciliate biology, having spanned numerous conflicting hypotheses with unstable relationships at various levels in molecular trees, for which the constant addition of newly discovered species has only increased the confusion. The Hypotrichs comprise a remarkable morphologically diversified group of ciliates, and the phylogenetic potential of morphological traits is generally recognized. However, such characters were rarely used in phylogenetic reconstructions, and congruence with molecular data never assessed from simultaneous analyses. To properly reconciliate morphological and molecular information, maximum-likelihood and parsimony analyses of 79 morphological characters and 18S rDNA sequences were performed for 130 ingroup terminals, broadly sampled to represent the known Hypotrich diversity. As result, well-supported and relatively stable clades were recovered, based on which the redefined Hypotricha comprises at least six higher taxa: The “arcuseriids”, Holostichida, Parabirojimida, and the “amphisiellids”, plus the two large clades Kentrurostylida nov. tax. (Hispidotergida nov. tax. and Simplicitergida nov. tax.) and Diatirostomata nov. tax. (“bistichellids”, “kahliellids”, Gonostomatida and Dorsomarginalia [Postoralida nov. tax. and Uroleptida]). Each taxon was circumscribed by synapomorphies, of which most were homoplastic, as the natural history of Hypotrichs is portrayed by an outstanding quantity of convergences and reversions.
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physiological reorganization in the Hypotrich ciliate apoamphisiella vernalis protista ciliophora Hypotricha
Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 2017Co-Authors: Larissa Araguaia Monteiro De Castro, Thiago Da Silva Paiva, Inacio Domingos Da SilvanetoAbstract:Physiological reorganization is described for the first timed for the Hypotrichous ciliate genus Apoamphisiella FOISSNER, 1997, based on a population of A. vernalis (STOKES, 1887) BERGER, 2006 collected from an eutrophic pond in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Stomatogenesis is epiapokinetal, and the cirral pattern reorganizes from six typical fronto-ventral-transverse primordia, plus at least one short primordium located between IV and V. Primordia I and II originate from disaggregating undulating membranes and buccal cirrus, respectively; primordium III originates from left frontoventral cirrus plus a streak of basal bodies extending from the distal end of oral primordium; primordium IV and the short extra primordia are formed from basal bodies perhaps associated to the proximal end of III plus the disaggregation of anteriormost cirri of the left ventral row. Sometimes, the right frontoventral cirrus is incorporated by primordium IV. Primordia V and VI arise within the right ventral row as a single streak, splitting to form the two primordia. Marginal primordia develop initially within the pre-existent marginal rows, continuing to reorganize outside, pushing the old marginal cirri leftwards. Two dorsomarginal kineties develop associated to the right marginal row primordium. Dorsal ciliature also reorganizes from within the pre-existent dorsal kineties. The two macronuclear nodules approach each in middle reorganizers, briefly touching each other. At least one micronucleus undergo division. The process of physiological reorganization in A. vernalis resembles that of the North American Paraurostyla weissei complex representative, and along with features of the interphase morphology, indicate that Apoamphisiella belongs or is related to the Cyrtohymena-Paraurostyla group, within the Dorsomarginalia BERGER, 2006.
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Ontogeny and Molecular Phylogeny of Apoamphisiella vernalis Reveal Unclear Separation between Genera Apoamphisiella and Paraurostyla (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hypotricha).
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2026Co-Authors: Larissa Araguaia Monteiro De Castro, Martin Schlegel, Gabriela Cristina Küppers, Noemi Mendes Fernandes, Thiago Da Silva PaivaAbstract:Morphology and divisional morphogenesis of the Hypotrich ciliate Apoamphisiella vernalis are investigated based on two populations from Brazil. Typical specimens of A. vernalis replicates its ventral ciliature from six fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen independently formed for proter and opisthe, plus one or more short anlagen located between IV and V, which form surplus transverse cirri. Dorsal morphogenesis occurs as in typical oxytrichid dorsomarginalians, viz., with formation of three anlagen and fragmentation of the rightmost one. Dorsomarginal kineties are formed near anterior end of right marginal cirral row anlagen. Various anomalous specimens exhibiting more than two long ventral rows were found, which are explained by increasing the number of FVT anlagen and/or the number of cirri produced by anlagen. Comparative ontogeny and phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rDNA reveal that Apoamphisiella vernalis is closely affine to North American and European strains of the Paraurostyla weissei complex. Their reduced genetic distances and conspicuous morphological variability show that both genera can overlap, which implies the necessity of re-evaluating the contextual relevance of some morphological characters commonly used for genus-level separation within Hypotrich taxa
Alan Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does the gonostomum patterned oral apparatus in Hypotrichia carry a phylogenetic signal evidence from morphological and molecular data based on extended taxon sampling using three nuclear genes ciliophora spirotrichea
Science China-life Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Jingyi Wang, Alan Warren, Yan Zhao, Zhao Lyu, Chen ShaoAbstract:The classification of Hypotrichs based on the gonostomatid oral structure is widely accepted, but the phylogenetic signal of this character is unknown. Here, we infer the species phylogeny of those gonostomatids for which molecular data are available, plus 26 new sequences of SSU-rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and LSU-rDNA genes. The results indicate that: (i) the endoral is more phylogenetically informative than the paroral; (ii) the structure of the endoral and the Gonostomum-pattern adoral zone of membranelles are plesiomorphies for the Hypotrichs sensu stricto; (iii) the group of species possessing these features is monophyletic in all our phylogenetic analyses, except that for the SSU-rDNA; (iv) Schmidingerotrichidae is monophyletic in all trees, suggesting that it is a well-defined family; (v) the Gonostomatidae is polyphyletic in the SSU-rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 trees, with Gonostomum, Cladotricha, Cotterillia, Metagonostomum, Paragonostomum and Wallackia distributed among separate clades, but monophyletic in the LSU-rDNA and concatenated trees; (vi) higher Hypotrich taxa such as core urostyloids and core sporadotrichids/stichotrichids might have evolved from species that possessed a gonostomatid oral apparatus.
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taxonomy ontogenesis and evolutionary relationships of the algae bearing ciliate bourlandella viridis kahl 1932 comb nov with establishment of a new genus and new family protista ciliophora Hypotrichia
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021Co-Authors: Weibo Song, Alan Warren, Yan Zhao, Wenya Song, Tengyue Zhang, Xue Zhang, Xiaotian LuoAbstract:Hypotrichs are the most complex and highly differentiated ciliate lineages and have great potential for evolutionary novelties. Problems in Hypotrich systematics are mainly due to discordance between the morphological and genetic data (mainly small subunit rRNA gene). Species with morphologies that are characteristic of two or more higher rank taxa are probably a major contributing factor to these conflicts. The present study describes a Chinese population of a poorly known organism with numerous endosymbiotic zoochlorellae, the morphology of which corresponds well with the type population of Limnoholosticha viridis (Kahl, 1932) Li et al., 2017. Newly obtained information shows this species has a zigzag midventral cirral pattern that is diagnostic of urostylids, whereas the dorsal ciliature shares features (presence of dorsomarginal kinety and dorsal kinety 3 fragmentation) that are typical of oxytrichids. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close relationship with oxytrichids. An integrative approach combining morphological, morphogenetic, phylogenetic and ecological analyses indicates that L. viridis represents a new genus and new family which might be an intermediate form between uorstylids and dorsomarginalians. Thus, Bourlandellidae fam. nov. and Bourlandella gen. nov. are here established. Lastly, we speculate that phenotypic convergence and mixtrophy might confer on the new combination, Bourlandella viridis (Kahl, 1932) comb. nov., the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.
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assessing the utility of hsp90 gene for inferring evolutionary relationships within the ciliate subclass Hypotricha protista ciliophora
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Qi Zhang, Alan Warren, Ran Yang, Zhuo ShenAbstract:Although phylogenomic analyses are increasingly used to reveal evolutionary relationships among ciliates, relatively few nuclear protein-coding gene markers have been tested for their suitability as candidates for inferring phylogenies within this group. In this study, we investigate the utility of the heat-shock protein 90 gene (Hsp90) as a marker for inferring phylogenetic relationships among Hypotrich ciliates. A total of 87 novel Hsp90 gene sequences of 10 Hypotrich species were generated. Of these, 85 were distinct sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on these data showed that: (1) the Hsp90 gene amino acid trees are comparable to the small subunit rDNA tree for recovering phylogenetic relationships at the rank of class, but lack sufficient phylogenetic signal for inferring evolutionary relationships at the genus level; (2) Hsp90 gene paralogs are recent and therefore unlikely to pose a significant problem for recovering Hypotrich clades; (3) definitions of some Hypotrich orders and families need to be revised as their monophylies are not supported by various gene markers; (4) The order Sporadotrichida is paraphyletic, but the monophyly of the “core” Urostylida is supported; (5) both the subfamily Oxytrichinae and the genus Urosoma seem to be non-monophyletic, but monophyly of Urosoma is not rejected by AU tests. Our results for the first time demonstrate that the Hsp90 gene is comparable to SSU rDNA for recovering phylogenetic relationships at the rank of class, and its paralogs are unlikely to pose a significant problem for recovering Hypotrich clades. This study shows the value of careful gene marker selection for phylogenomic analyses of ciliates.
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an integrative investigation of parabistichella variabilis protista ciliophora Hypotrichia including its general morphology ultrastructure ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Jingyi Dong, Xumiao Chen, Yongqiang Liu, Xinpeng Fan, Alan WarrenAbstract:Hypotrichs are a highly differentiated and very diverse group of ciliated protists. Their systematics and taxonomy are challenging and call for detailed investigations on their general morphology, ultrastructure, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny. Here, a comprehensive study is conducted on a brackish water population of Parabistichella variabilis using light and electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data. Its morphology, including the infraciliature, pellicle, nuclei, buccal seal, and extrusomes, is documented. The present findings indicate that in P. variabilis: (i) the cortical granules are extrusomes, which differ from those of other Hypotrichs; (ii) the buccal seal is bounded by the plasma membrane and contains a single layer of longitudinal microtubules; (iii) two contractile vacuoles might be present rather than one; and (iv) the pharyngeal disks are bounded by a single membrane. Early-to-middle stages of ontogenesis are described for the first time, enabling the complete characterization of this process. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Parabistichella variabilis is closely related to several species from different genera, such as Orthoamphisiella breviseries, Uroleptoides magnigranulosus, and Tachysoma pellionellum. However, ultrastructural and gene sequence data for more taxa are needed in order to resolve the systematics of Parabistichella.
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Assessing the utility of Hsp90 gene for inferring evolutionary relationships within the ciliate subclass Hypotricha (Protista, Ciliophora)
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Qi Zhang, Alan Warren, Ran Yang, Zhuo ShenAbstract:Abstract Background Although phylogenomic analyses are increasingly used to reveal evolutionary relationships among ciliates, relatively few nuclear protein-coding gene markers have been tested for their suitability as candidates for inferring phylogenies within this group. In this study, we investigate the utility of the heat-shock protein 90 gene (Hsp90) as a marker for inferring phylogenetic relationships among Hypotrich ciliates. Results A total of 87 novel Hsp90 gene sequences of 10 Hypotrich species were generated. Of these, 85 were distinct sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on these data showed that: (1) the Hsp90 gene amino acid trees are comparable to the small subunit rDNA tree for recovering phylogenetic relationships at the rank of class, but lack sufficient phylogenetic signal for inferring evolutionary relationships at the genus level; (2) Hsp90 gene paralogs are recent and therefore unlikely to pose a significant problem for recovering Hypotrich clades; (3) definitions of some Hypotrich orders and families need to be revised as their monophylies are not supported by various gene markers; (4) The order Sporadotrichida is paraphyletic, but the monophyly of the “core” Urostylida is supported; (5) both the subfamily Oxytrichinae and the genus Urosoma seem to be non-monophyletic, but monophyly of Urosoma is not rejected by AU tests. Conclusions Our results for the first time demonstrate that the Hsp90 gene is comparable to SSU rDNA for recovering phylogenetic relationships at the rank of class, and its paralogs are unlikely to pose a significant problem for recovering Hypotrich clades. This study shows the value of careful gene marker selection for phylogenomic analyses of ciliates
Helmut Berger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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morphology cell division and phylogeny of schmidingerothrix elongata spec nov ciliophora Hypotricha and brief guide to Hypotrichs with gonostomum like oral apparatus
European Journal of Protistology, 2018Co-Authors: Jie Huang, Chen Shao, Helmut BergerAbstract:The Hypotrich Schmidingerothrix elongata spec. nov., discovered in saline (20‰) soil of the Longfeng Wetland, Daqing, northern China, was studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. It is characterized, inter alia, by colorless cortical granules arranged in short rows, three frontoventral cirral rows with the rightmost extending far posteriorly, and 4-8, usually six macronuclear nodules. Cell division proceeds as in congeners and confirms the lack of dorsal ciliature. In phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, S. elongata is sister of S. salinarum+Paracladotricha salina. A re-investigation of the type slides of P. salina, type of Paracladotricha, revealed a misobservation in the original description. Since P. salina lacks, like Schmidingerothrix spp., a dorsal ciliature, Paracladotricha becomes a junior, subjective synonym of Schmidingerothrix with S. salina comb. nov. as fourth species. A review of the phylogenetic analyses dealing with Schmidingerothrix shows that its position is variable. However, together with the gonostomatid oral apparatus it can be hypothesized that Schmidingerothrix is a member of the Gonostomatidae or a close relative. A list of genera (14) and species (58) which have - like Schmidingerothrix - a gonostomatid oral apparatus, as well as a key to these genera are provided.
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monograph of the gonostomatidae and kahliellidae ciliophora Hypotricha
2011Co-Authors: Helmut BergerAbstract:A General Section.- B Systematic Section.- Gonostomatidae (33 species).- Kahliellidae (15 species).- Taxa of Unknown Position in the Non-dorsomarginalian Hypotricha (14 species).- Supplement to Apourosomoida (5 species).- References.- Systematic Index.- Table Index.
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monograph of the amphisiellidae and trachelostylidae ciliophora Hypotricha
2008Co-Authors: Helmut BergerAbstract:A General Section B Systematic Section Amphisiellidae (59 species) Trachelostylidae (6 species) Taxa of Unknown Position in the Hypotricha (7 species) Taxa of Unknown Position in the Non-oxytrichid Dorsomarginalia (12 species). Supplement to the Urostyloidea (2 species) Supplement to the Oxytrichidae (3 species) Addenda References Systematic Index Table Index
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monograph of the urostyloidea ciliophora Hypotricha
2006Co-Authors: Helmut BergerAbstract:A. General Section 1. Morphology, Biology, and Terminology 2. Phylogeny 3 Previous Classifications and Revisions 4. Parasitism 5. Ecology, Occurrence, and Geographic Distribution 6. Collecting, Culturing, Observing, and Staining of Urostyloid Ciliates 7. Species Concept and Nomenclature B. Systematic Section Urostyloidae Taxa of Unknown Position within the Urostyloidea Supplement to the Oxytrichidae Taxa not Considered Addenda References Systematic Index Table Index
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redefinition of holosticha wrzesniowski 1877 ciliophora Hypotricha
European Journal of Protistology, 2003Co-Authors: Helmut BergerAbstract:A revision of the urostylid Hypotrichs showed that at present Holosticha is characterized by an unspecified combination of plesiomorphies. Thus more than 100 species have been originally described in this genus, and about 49 species are currently recognised. However, a detailed comparison of the descriptions showed that Holosticha comprises only 7 species unified by a highly characteristic combination of apomorphies (e.g. anterior end of left marginal row curved rightwards, adoral zone bipartite, buccal cirrus distinctly ahead of paroral) and plesiomorphies. The other species at present included in Holosticha are assigned to Anteholosticha nov. gen. (29 species), Caudiholosticha nov. gen. (10 species), and Biholosticha nov. gen. (2 species).