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Simplice A. Asongu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Inclusive Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance
Journal of Economic Studies, 2019Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Sara Le RouxAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of Inclusive human Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance.,It is based on 53 African countries for the period 1998–2012 and interactive generalised method of moments is employed. Six governance indicators from the World Bank and two terrorism variables are used, namely, domestic and transnational terrorism dynamics.,The following main findings are established. There is a negative net effect on governance (regulation quality and corruption-control) when Inclusive human Development is used to reduce terrorism. There is a positive net impact on governance (voice and accountability and rule of law) when military expenditure is used to reduce domestic terrorism.,The authors have complemented the sparse literature on the use of policy variables to mitigate the effect of policy syndromes on macroeconomic outcomes.
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the comparative economics of ict environmental degradation and Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
Social Indicators Research, 2019Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Chris PykeAbstract:This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote Inclusive human Development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on fixed effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000 to 2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of Inclusive Development and environmental degradation based on income levels (low income vs. middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (landlocked vs. coastal); resource-wealth (oil-rich vs. oil-poor) and political stability (stable vs. unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO2 emissions on Inclusive human Development. When the analysis is extended with the above mentioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, middle income and oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, low income countries and oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.
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Recent finance advances in information technology for Inclusive Development: a systematic review
NETNOMICS: Economic Research and Electronic Networking, 2018Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta Chikaodi NwachukwuAbstract:The overarching question tackled in this paper is: to what degree has financial Development contributed to providing opportunities of human Development for those on low-incomes and by which information technology mechanisms? We systematically review about 180 recently published papers to provide recent information technology advances in finance for Inclusive Development. Retained financial innovations are structured along three themes. They are: (i) the rural-urban divide, (ii) women empowerment and (iii) human capital in terms of skills and training. The financial instruments are articulated with case studies, innovations and investment strategies with particular emphasis, inter alia on: informal finance, microfinance, mobile banking, crowdfunding, microinsurance, Islamic finance, remittances, Payment for Environmental Services (PES) and the Diaspora Investment in Agriculture (DIA) initiative.
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the comparative economics of ict environmental degradation and Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
MPRA Paper, 2018Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Chris PykeAbstract:This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote Inclusive human Development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000-2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of Inclusive Development and environmental degradation based on income levels (Low income versus (vs.) Middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (Landlocked vs. Coastal); resource-wealth (Oil-rich vs. Oil-poor) and political stability (Stable vs. Unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO2 emissions on Inclusive human Development. When the analysis is extended with the abovementioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, Middle income and Oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, Low income countries and Oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.
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basic formal education quality information technology and Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
MPRA Paper, 2018Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Nicholas M. OdhiamboAbstract:This study assesses the relevance of basic formal education in information technology for Inclusive human Development in 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The question it aims to answer is the following: what is the relevance of basic formal education in the effect of mobile phone penetration on Inclusive human Development in sub-Saharan Africa when initial levels of Inclusive human Development are taken into account? The empirical evidence is based on instrumental quantile regressions. Poor primary education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on Inclusive human Development. This main finding should be understood in the perspective that, the education quality indicator represents a policy syndrome because of the way it is computed, notably: the ratio of pupils to teachers. Hence, an increasing ratio indicates decreasing quality of education. It follows that decreasing quality of education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone on Inclusive Development. This tendency is consistent throughout the conditional distribution of Inclusive human Development. Policy implications for sustainable Development are discussed.
Jacinta C Nwachukwu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Inclusive Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance
Journal of Economic Studies, 2019Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Sara Le RouxAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of Inclusive human Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance.,It is based on 53 African countries for the period 1998–2012 and interactive generalised method of moments is employed. Six governance indicators from the World Bank and two terrorism variables are used, namely, domestic and transnational terrorism dynamics.,The following main findings are established. There is a negative net effect on governance (regulation quality and corruption-control) when Inclusive human Development is used to reduce terrorism. There is a positive net impact on governance (voice and accountability and rule of law) when military expenditure is used to reduce domestic terrorism.,The authors have complemented the sparse literature on the use of policy variables to mitigate the effect of policy syndromes on macroeconomic outcomes.
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the comparative economics of ict environmental degradation and Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
Social Indicators Research, 2019Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Chris PykeAbstract:This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote Inclusive human Development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on fixed effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000 to 2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of Inclusive Development and environmental degradation based on income levels (low income vs. middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (landlocked vs. coastal); resource-wealth (oil-rich vs. oil-poor) and political stability (stable vs. unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO2 emissions on Inclusive human Development. When the analysis is extended with the above mentioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, middle income and oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, low income countries and oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.
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the comparative economics of ict environmental degradation and Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
MPRA Paper, 2018Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C Nwachukwu, Chris PykeAbstract:This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote Inclusive human Development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000-2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of Inclusive Development and environmental degradation based on income levels (Low income versus (vs.) Middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (Landlocked vs. Coastal); resource-wealth (Oil-rich vs. Oil-poor) and political stability (Stable vs. Unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO2 emissions on Inclusive human Development. When the analysis is extended with the abovementioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, Middle income and Oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, Low income countries and Oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.
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educational quality thresholds in the diffusion of knowledge with mobile phones for Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C NwachukwuAbstract:The study investigates critical masses or thresholds of educational quality at which the diffusion of information with mobile phones enhances Inclusive human Development. The empirical evidence is based on simultaneity-robust Fixed Effects regressions with data from 49 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. The following findings are established: (1) There are positive marginal and net effects on Inclusive Development from the interaction between mobile phones and educational quality, (2) Between 10 and 27 pupils per teacher is needed in primary education in order for mobile phones to enhance Inclusive human Development, (3) From a comparative dimension: (i) English Common law countries enjoy higher net effects compared to their French Civil law counterparts, (ii) positive net effects are more obvious in politically stable (vis-a-vis politically unstable) countries, (iii) positive net impacts are also more apparent in resource-poor (vis-a-vis resource-rich) countries, (iv) low income (vis-a-vis higher income) countries have a higher net effect on Inclusive Development, (v) landlocked (vis-a-vis unlandlocked) countries experience higher net effects and, (iv) Islam-dominated countries have a slightly higher net impact compared to their Christian-oriented counterparts.
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mobile phones in the diffusion of knowledge and persistence in Inclusive human Development in sub saharan africa
Research Papers in Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Jacinta C NwachukwuAbstract:The success of Inclusive Development strategies in the post-2015 sustainable Development agenda depends substantially on the adoption of common Inclusive Development policies among nations. Building on the relevance of a knowledge economy in the post-2015 Development agenda, this study models the feasibility of common policies for Inclusive human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). More specifically, we investigate the complementary role of knowledge diffusion in the Inclusive benefits of mobile phone penetration in SSA from 2000 to 2012 by employing the Generalised Method of Moments. Knowledge diffusion variables include educational quality, innovation and internet penetration. The main finding is that Inclusive human Development is persistently conditional on mobile phones in knowledge diffusion. Moreover, countries with low levels of Inclusive human Development are catching-up their counterparts with higher Development. Policy implications are discussed with particular emphasis on how to leverage common knowledge economy initiatives for Inclusive Development.
Asongu Simplice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fighting terrorism in Africa: complementarity between Inclusive Development, military expenditure and political stability
2020Co-Authors: Asongu Simplice, Le Roux Sara, Singh PritamAbstract:This study examines complementarities between Inclusive Development, military expenditure and political stability in the fight against terrorism in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. Hence the policy variables employed in the study are Inclusive Development, military expenditure and political stability. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with forward orthogonal deviations. The paper reports three main findings. Firstly, military expenditure and Inclusive Development are substitutes and not complements. Secondly, it is more relevant to use political stability as a complement of Inclusive Development than to use Inclusive Development as a complement of political stability. Thirdly, it can be broadly established that military expenditure and political stability are complementary. In the light of the sequencing, complementarity and substitutability, when the three policy variables are viewed within the same framework, it is more feasible to first pursue political stability and then complement it with military expenditure and Inclusive Development
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Inclusive Development in environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from governance mechanisms
2019Co-Authors: Asongu Simplice, Odhiambo NicholasAbstract:This research examines the relevance of Inclusive Development in modulating the role of governance on environmental degradation. The study focuses on forty-four countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as the empirical strategy and CO2 emissions per capita is used to measure environmental pollution. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are employed, notably: political governance (consisting of political stability/no violence and “voice and accountability”), economic governance (encompassing government effectiveness and regulation quality), institutional governance (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law), and general governance (a composite measure of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance). The following main findings are established. First, the underlying net effect in the moderating role of Inclusive Development in the governance-CO2 emissions nexus is not significant in regressions pertaining to political governance and economic governance. Second, there are positive net effects from the relevance of Inclusive Development in modulating the effects of regulation quality, economic governance and general governance on CO2 emissions. The significant and insignificant effects are elucidated. Policy implications are discussed
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The role of Inclusive Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance
2019Co-Authors: Asongu Simplice, Nwachukwu Jacinta, Le Roux SaraAbstract:Purpose. The study investigates the role of Inclusive human Development and military expenditure in modulating the effect of terrorism on governance. Design/methodology/approach. It is based on 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012 and interactive Generalised Method of Moments is employed. Six governance indicators from the World Bank and two terrorism variables are used, namely: domestic and transnational terrorism dynamics. Findings. The following main findings are established. There is a negative net effect on governance (regulation quality and corruption-control) when Inclusive human Development is used to reduce terrorism. There is a positive net impact on governance (“voice and accountability” and rule of law) when military expenditure is used to reduce domestic terrorism. Originality/value. We have complemented the sparse literature on the use of policy variables to mitigate the effect of policy syndromes on macroeconomic outcomes
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A Survey on Inequality-Adjusted Human Development in Africa
2017Co-Authors: Asongu SimpliceAbstract:The survey puts some structure on recent empirical studies from the African Governance and Development institute (AGDI) on Inclusive Development published between 2016 and 2017 for the most part. The emphasis is exclusively on the inequality adjusted human Development index (IHDI) because of the sparse scholarly literature on the indicator which was first published in 2010. The review provides relationships between the IHDI and inter alia: foreign aid, globalisation, information and communication technology, business dynamics and knowledge economy, software piracy, finance, health worker migration and the feasibility of common cross-country policies aimed at improving the IHDI. The survey is of policy relevance because Inclusive human Development is fundamental to Africa’s growth agenda in the post-2015 sustainable Development era
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Recent finance advances in information technology for Inclusive Development: a survey
2017Co-Authors: Asongu Simplice, Nwachukwu JacintaAbstract:The overarching question tackled in this paper is: to what degree has financial Development contributed to providing opportunities of human Development for those on low-incomes and by what information technology mechanisms? We survey about 180 recently published papers to provide recent information technology advances in finance for Inclusive Development. Retained financial innovations are structured along three themes. They are: (i) the rural-urban divide, (ii) women empowerment and (iii) human capital in terms of skills and training. The financial instruments are articulated with case studies, innovations and investment strategies with particular emphasis, inter alia on: informal finance, microfinance, mobile banking, crowd funding, microinsurance, Islamic finance, remittances, Payment for Environmental Services (PES) and the Diaspora Investment in Agriculture (DIA) initiative
Joyeeta Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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public water supply and sanitation policies and Inclusive Development of the urban poor in brazil
Water Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Joyeeta Gupta, Raquel Rodrigues Dos Santos, Nicky Pouw, Klaas SchwartzAbstract:Poorly designed policies jeopardise ecosystems and their services and the expansion of basic services to vulnerable populations. In the water and sanitation (WatSan) sector, inadequate access of the urban poor to formal and public drinking water supply and sanitation services (WSS) calls for more Inclusive policies. Inclusive Development (ID) has social, environmental and relational dimensions. However, there is little research on operationalising ID dimensions in WatSan policy discourse analysis. Hence, this paper addresses: How can we elaborate on indicators for Inclusive WatSan policies? How can these be applied to assess the design of Brazilian WatSan policies? It examines the literature on ID and WatSan, develops and applies an analytical framework with six indicators to assess ID in WSS through policy analysis: access to minimum WSS; access to WSS even if the urban poor do not have formal housing; domestic wastewater collection/treatment; water availability; participation; and WSS subsidies for low-income people. Comparison between two Brazilian WatSan policies shows that the current WatSan law scores higher on ID than the previous law but neglects key aspects of social, environmental and relational ID dimensions. The selected indicators were useful to operationalise ID in WatSan policy discourse analysis and can boost policy design assessment elsewhere.
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social capital interactive governance and coastal protection the effectiveness of mangrove ecosystem based strategies in promoting Inclusive Development in demak indonesia
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2017Co-Authors: Joyeeta Gupta, Annisa Triyanti, Maarten Bavinck, Muh Aris MarfaiAbstract:While there is considerable literature on coastal adaptation, there is less scholarly attention for how social capital, interactive governance, and ecosystem-based approaches can be combined to promote Inclusive Development. Hence, this paper examines contemporary efforts to protect coasts in Demak, northern Java, Indonesia, which are threatened by coastal erosion induced flooding, through large-scale planting of mangroves. We argue that the success of such ecosystem-based approaches depends on wide-spread civil society participation. Our analysis of the structure of bonding, bridging and linking capital in Demak reveals that although some local groups may lack bonding and bridging capital, their ability to acquire linking capital enables them to monopolise resources from the state and international NGOs for mangrove plantings; this negatively effects the cohesion of the coastal protection program and therefore its effectiveness and Inclusiveness as mangrove groups protect their own areas. The paper shows that an understanding of the social capital of different local groups can enable a better understanding of how to engage them in ecosystem based governance.
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sustainable Development goals and Inclusive Development
International Environmental Agreements-politics Law and Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Joyeeta Gupta, Courtney VegelinAbstract:Achieving sustainable Development has been hampered by trade-offs in favour of economic growth over social well-being and ecological viability, which may also affect the sustainable Development goals (SDGs) adopted by the member states of the United Nations. In contrast, the concept of Inclusive Development emphasizes the social, ecological and political dimensions of Development. In this context, this paper addresses the question: What does Inclusive Development mean and to what extent is it taken into account in the framing of the SDGs? It presents Inclusive Development as having three key dimensions (social, ecological, and relational Inclusiveness) with five principles each. This is applied to the 17 SDGs and their targets. The paper concludes that while the text on the SDGs fares quite well on social Inclusiveness, it fares less well in respect to ecological and relational Inclusiveness. This implies that there is a risk that implementation processes also focus more on social Inclusiveness rather than on ecological and relational Inclusiveness. Moreover, in order to de facto achieve social Inclusiveness in the Anthropocene, it is critical that the latter two are given equal weight in the actual implementation process.
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towards an elaborated theory of Inclusive Development
The European Journal of Development Research, 2015Co-Authors: Joyeeta Gupta, Nicky Pouw, Mirjam A F RostonenAbstract:Sustainable Development often leads to strong trade-offs, mostly in favour of economic growth. Inclusive Development responds by focusing mainly on the social and environmental aspects of Development and on current generations. While the literature covers Inclusive growth in some detail, few authors actually elaborate on Inclusive Development and how the concept can be made operational. This article first positions Inclusive Development in the Development debate. It then discusses Inclusive Development per se, in the Anthropocene, and from a relational perspective. Finally, it elaborates how Inclusive Development can be implemented by (i) developing relevant epistemic communities, communities of practice and social movements, (ii) transforming governance into interactive governance to enable empowerment and (iii) adopting appropriate governance instruments. It concludes that Inclusive Development will only be brought about through genuine interactive governance that provides the instruments and creates the conditions for adaptive learning and the empowerment of marginalized people.
Nina Tchamyou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the comparative african economics of Inclusive Development and military expenditure in fighting terrorism
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Simplice A. Asongu, Vanessa S Tchamyou, Ndemaze Asongu, Nina TchamyouAbstract:This study investigates the role of Inclusive human Development and military expenditure in fighting terrorism in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and instrumental variable Fixed Effects regressions. Inclusive Development is not a sufficient condition for the fight against terrorism whereas military expenditure can be effectively employed to mitigate the phenomenon. Significant negative effects are established only when endogeneity is accounted for by means of non-contemporary and instrumental-variables approaches. Hence, the policy effectiveness of employed tools is contingent on whether they are engaged proactively (i.e. non-contemporarily) or not. From the findings, the propensity of military expenditure to fight transnational terrorism is higher in: (i) middle income countries vis-a-vis their low income counterparts; (ii) oil-rich countries compared to oil-poor countries and (iii) Christian-dominated countries vis-a-vis their Islam-oriented counterparts. Furthermore military expenditure is also more effective at combating domestic and transnational terrorism in: (i) North African countries vis-a-vis their sub-Saharan Africa counterparts; (ii) landlocked countries compared to countries that are open to the sea and (iii) politically-stable countries vis-a-vis their politically-unstable counterparts. Contributions to the comparative economics are discussed. Practical and theoretical contributions are also provided.
