The Experts below are selected from a list of 209166 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guoying Sheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jianwen Hong, Zhiqiang Yu, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca- BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2688-2696. # 2011 SETAC
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jianwen Hong, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca-BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary.
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jingzhi Wang, Zhiqiang Yu, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ...
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Qingrong Guo, Jingzhi Wang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ranged from 0.503(0.010) to 0.507(0.003), 0.494(0.003) to 0.506(0.009), and 0.502(0.003) to 0.511(0.006), respectively, suggesting that there was no stereoselective transformation of the three diastereoisomers. The mass inventories of HBCDs gave preliminarily estimates of 3.42 kg and 1.84 tonnes for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas, respectively. It is notable that the diasteroisomer and enantiomer profiles of this study failed to distinguish definitely that the isomeric transformation occurred during the product processing or in the environmental matrix. Further laboratory studies on abiotic and biotic transformation are needed to clarify this issue.
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levels and isomer profiles of dechlorane plus in the surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jingzhi Wang, Xiangying Zeng, Guoying ShengAbstract:Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a highly chlorinated flame retardant. Levels of DP were measured in surface soils from e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in South China. Higher DP levels were found in e-waste recycling Areas (undetectablee47.4 ng/g) than those in Industrial Areas (0.0336e4.65 ng/g) in South China. The highest DP concentration (3327 ng/g) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while DP levels fell dramatically with increasing distance away from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities are an important source of DP emissions. The mean ratios of anti-DP to total DP (fanti) for different sampling Areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.76 and showed no significant difference from the ratio for the technical DP products (t-test, p > 0.05). Further intensive studies are needed to investigate the process of DP degradation and its degradation products.
Jingzhi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jianwen Hong, Zhiqiang Yu, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca- BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2688-2696. # 2011 SETAC
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jianwen Hong, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca-BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary.
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jingzhi Wang, Zhiqiang Yu, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ...
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Qingrong Guo, Jingzhi Wang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ranged from 0.503(0.010) to 0.507(0.003), 0.494(0.003) to 0.506(0.009), and 0.502(0.003) to 0.511(0.006), respectively, suggesting that there was no stereoselective transformation of the three diastereoisomers. The mass inventories of HBCDs gave preliminarily estimates of 3.42 kg and 1.84 tonnes for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas, respectively. It is notable that the diasteroisomer and enantiomer profiles of this study failed to distinguish definitely that the isomeric transformation occurred during the product processing or in the environmental matrix. Further laboratory studies on abiotic and biotic transformation are needed to clarify this issue.
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levels and isomer profiles of dechlorane plus in the surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jingzhi Wang, Xiangying Zeng, Guoying ShengAbstract:Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a highly chlorinated flame retardant. Levels of DP were measured in surface soils from e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in South China. Higher DP levels were found in e-waste recycling Areas (undetectablee47.4 ng/g) than those in Industrial Areas (0.0336e4.65 ng/g) in South China. The highest DP concentration (3327 ng/g) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while DP levels fell dramatically with increasing distance away from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities are an important source of DP emissions. The mean ratios of anti-DP to total DP (fanti) for different sampling Areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.76 and showed no significant difference from the ratio for the technical DP products (t-test, p > 0.05). Further intensive studies are needed to investigate the process of DP degradation and its degradation products.
Shutao Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jianwen Hong, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca-BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary.
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Qingrong Guo, Jingzhi Wang, Guoying ShengAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ranged from 0.503(0.010) to 0.507(0.003), 0.494(0.003) to 0.506(0.009), and 0.502(0.003) to 0.511(0.006), respectively, suggesting that there was no stereoselective transformation of the three diastereoisomers. The mass inventories of HBCDs gave preliminarily estimates of 3.42 kg and 1.84 tonnes for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas, respectively. It is notable that the diasteroisomer and enantiomer profiles of this study failed to distinguish definitely that the isomeric transformation occurred during the product processing or in the environmental matrix. Further laboratory studies on abiotic and biotic transformation are needed to clarify this issue.
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levels and isomer profiles of dechlorane plus in the surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jingzhi Wang, Xiangying Zeng, Guoying ShengAbstract:Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a highly chlorinated flame retardant. Levels of DP were measured in surface soils from e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in South China. Higher DP levels were found in e-waste recycling Areas (undetectablee47.4 ng/g) than those in Industrial Areas (0.0336e4.65 ng/g) in South China. The highest DP concentration (3327 ng/g) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while DP levels fell dramatically with increasing distance away from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities are an important source of DP emissions. The mean ratios of anti-DP to total DP (fanti) for different sampling Areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.76 and showed no significant difference from the ratio for the technical DP products (t-test, p > 0.05). Further intensive studies are needed to investigate the process of DP degradation and its degradation products.
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levels and isomer profiles of dechlorane plus in the surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Shutao Gao, Jingzhi Wang, Xiangying Zeng, Guoying ShengAbstract:Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a highly chlorinated flame retardant. Levels of DP were measured in surface soils from e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in South China. Higher DP levels were found in e-waste recycling Areas (undetectable-47.4 ng/g) than those in Industrial Areas (0.0336-4.65 ng/g) in South China. The highest DP concentration (3327 ng/g) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while DP levels fell dramatically with increasing distance away from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities are an important source of DP emissions. The mean ratios of anti-DP to total DP (fanti) for different sampling Areas ranged from 0.58 to 0.76 and showed no significant difference from the ratio for the technical DP products (t-test, p>0.05). Further intensive studies are needed to investigate the process of DP degradation and its degradation products.
Genserik Reniers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost benefit management of intentional domino effects in chemical Industrial Areas
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020Co-Authors: Chao Chen, Genserik Reniers, Nima KhakzadAbstract:Abstract Chemical Industrial Areas comprising various hazardous installations may be attacked by adversaries, triggering possible intentional domino effects. Compared with accidental domino effects, intentional domino effects may be more difficult to prevent since intelligent and strategic adversaries can adapt their tactics according to protection measures. However, how and to what extent domino effects affect security management is ignored in previous studies. This study proposes a methodology to prevent and mitigate intentional domino effects taking into consideration economic issues in the decision-making process on safety and security resources. The methodology is divided into five parts: threat analysis, vulnerability analysis of installations with respect to intentional attacks, vulnerability analysis of installations subject to possible domino effects caused by the attacks, cost-benefit analysis, and optimization. Net present value of benefits (NPVB) is employed and quantified in the cost-benefit analysis to determine whether a protection strategy (a combination of safety and security measures) is profitable, or not. Besides, an optimization algorithm called “PROTOPT” based on “maximin” strategy is developed to achieve the most profitable protection strategy. An illustrated case study shows that domino effects can not be ignored in security management since they may have a profound impact on adversaries’ strategies.
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Multi-plant emergency response for tackling major accidents in chemical Industrial Areas
Safety Science, 2018Co-Authors: Behnaz Hosseinnia, Nima Khakzad, Genserik ReniersAbstract:Abstract Emergency response planning for major accidents in the chemical industry is essential to protect the public and workers’ health and safety, to reduce the environmental impacts, and to accelerate the resumption of normal operations. So far, much attention has been given to developing and implementing emergency planning in single chemical plants. However in chemical Industrial Areas – also known as chemical clusters – which consist of a number of different plants, less attention has been given to multi-plant emergency response planning. This paper is aimed at developing a multi-plant emergency response decision tool for chemical clusters in case of major accidents so that not only plant emergency levels but also respective response strategies can be determined. This way, a crisis situation within the chemical cluster can be handled in a much faster way than is the case today.
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resilience of chemical Industrial Areas through attenuation based security
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2014Co-Authors: Genserik Reniers, Kenneth Sörensen, Faisal Khan, Paul AmyotteAbstract:This paper investigates the possibility of attenuation-based security within chemical Industrial Areas. Representing chemical Industrial Areas as mathematical networks, we prove by case-study that the resilience to disaster of such Areas may follow a power-law distribution. Furthermore, we examine what happens to the network when highly hazardous installations would be intelligently protected against malicious acts: the network disintegrates into separate smaller networks. Hence, islands are formed with no escalation danger in between. We conclude that it is possible to protect chemical Industrial Areas in such a way that they are more resilient against terrorism.
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a threat assessment review planning tarp decision flowchart for complex Industrial Areas
Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 2013Co-Authors: Genserik Reniers, Dioni Herdewel, Jeanluc WyboAbstract:Planning Threat Assessments (TAs) within an area consisting of numerous chemical installations, should be part of adequate and sound Management Of Change procedures (including a baseline periodic TA, on top of change control) of every company belonging to the chemical and process industries. This paper discusses the optimization of threat assessment planning activities. By establishing a planning procedure that objectively determines the need for TAs for all kinds of threats, correct, updated and consistent information becomes easily available to the company's security management department. Threat assessments to be carried out in each facility belonging to an organization can thus easily be scheduled on an organization-wide scale. A prioritization can be made considering legislative requirements, the type of threats, the type of assessment to be carried out, the availability of external experts, etc.
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A multi-attribute Systemic Risk Index for comparing and prioritizing chemical Industrial Areas
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2012Co-Authors: Genserik Reniers, Kenneth Sörensen, Wout DullaertAbstract:Abstract Measures taken to decrease interdependent risks within chemical Industrial Areas should be based on quantitative data from a holistic (cluster-based) point of view. Therefore, this paper examines the typology of networks representing Industrial Areas to formulate recommendations to more effectively protect a chemical cluster against existing systemic risks. Chemical Industrial Areas are modeled as two distinct complex networks and are prioritized by computing two sub-indices with respect to existing systemic safety and security risks (using Domino Danger Units) and supply chain risks (using units from an ordinal expert scale). Subsequently, a Systemic Risk Index for the Industrial area is determined employing the Borda algorithm, whereby the systemic risk index considers both a safety and security network risk index and a supply chain network risk index. The developed method allows decreasing systemic risks within chemical Industrial Areas from a holistic (inter-organizational and/or inter-cluster) perspective. An illustrative example is given.
Jiamo Fu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentration levels congener profile and inventory
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jianwen Hong, Zhiqiang Yu, Jingzhi Wang, Guoyi Yang, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in 60 surface soils from two e-waste recycling sites (Qingyuan and Guiyu, China) and their surrounding Areas to assess the extent and influence of PBDEs from e-waste recycling sites on the surrounding Areas. A total of 32 surface soils from Industrial Areas in South China were also investigated for comparison. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites of Guiyu and Qingyuan were 2,909 and 3,230 ng/g dry weight, respectively, whereas the PBDE concentrations decreased dramatically (1-2 orders of magnitude) with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were the major source of PBDEs in the surrounding Areas. Decabromodiphenyl ethers accounted for 77.0 to 85.8% of total PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas, whereas it accounted for 90.2% in Industrial Areas. Principal component analysis showed that the major source of PBDEs in e-waste recycling Areas were a combination of penta-, octa-, and deca- BDE commercial formulations, whereas deca-BDE commercial formulations were the major source of PBDE congeners in Industrial Areas. The inventories of PBDEs gave preliminary estimates of 6.22 tons and 13.4 tons for the e-waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas. The results suggested that significantly higher PBDEs in the e-waste recycling sites have already affected surrounding Areas negatively within a relatively large distance. Because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of PBDEs, improving the recycling techniques employed at such facilities and developing e-waste management policies are necessary. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2688-2696. # 2011 SETAC
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hexabromocyclododecanes in surface soils from e waste recycling Areas and Industrial Areas in south china concentrations diastereoisomer and enantiomer specific profiles and inventory
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jingzhi Wang, Zhiqiang Yu, Guoying Sheng, Jiamo FuAbstract:Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are raising concern because of their potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and mass inventories of HBCDs in 90 surface soils from two e-waste recycling Areas (Qingyuan, Guiyu) and from Industrial Areas in South China. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 to 0.79 and from 0.31 to 9.99 ng/g dw for two surrounding e-waste recycling sites and Industrial Areas, respectively. The highest total HBCD concentration (284 ng/g dw) was found at the e-waste recycling site in Qingyuan, while total HBCD levels fell dramatically with increasing distance from the recycling site, suggesting that the e-waste recycling activities were an important source of HBCDs. The diastereoisomer profiles in 75 of the 90 soil samples differed from those of the commercial products. The mean enantiomeric fraction values for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in soils ...