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Chris Hatton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the development of a measure of confidence in delivering therapy to people with Intellectual Disabilities
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2015Co-Authors: Dave Dagnan, John Masson, Amy Cavagin, Richard Thwaites, Chris HattonAbstract:Current policy in UK health services emphasizes that, where possible, people with Intellectual Disabilities should access the same services as people without Intellectual Disabilities. One of the barriers to this is the confidence of clinicians and therapists. In this paper, we report on the development of a scale to describe the confidence of therapists in working with people with Intellectual Disabilities (the Therapy Confidence Scale-Intellectual Disabilities [TCS-ID]). One-hundred and eighty-one therapists who provided talking therapies but who did not work primarily with people with Intellectual Disabilities completed the scale; 43 people completed the scale twice for test-retest reliability purposes. One-hundred and seven people also completed a scale of general therapy self-efficacy. The TCS-ID has a single factor structure accounting for 62% of the variance, Cronbach's alpha for the scale is 0.93 and test-retest reliability is 0.83. There are significant differences in confidence based upon participants experience in working with people with Intellectual Disabilities and their therapeutic orientation, and there is a significant association between the TCS-ID and the General Therapy Self-efficacy Scale. Sixty clinicians working in mainstream mental health services received training on adapting their therapeutic approaches to meet the needs of people with Intellectual Disabilities. The TCS-ID was used pre-training and post-training and demonstrated a significant increase in confidence for all group. We suggest that the scale has good psychometric properties and can be used to develop an understanding of the impact of training for mainstream therapist in working with people with Intellectual Disabilities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message There is increasing emphasis on people with Intellectual Disabilities receiving services from mainstream mental health services. There is no research describing the experiences and outcomes of people with Intellectual Disabilities receiving mainstream talking therapy services. The confidence that clinicians have in working with people with Intellectual Disabilities may be a barrier to them receiving mainstream services. The Therapy Confidence Scale-Intellectual Disabilities is a psychometrically sound scale for measuring the confidence of therapists in working with people with Intellectual Disabilities and is a useful outcome measure for training clinicians to work with people with Intellectual Disabilities.
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prevalence of epilepsy among people with Intellectual Disabilities a systematic review
Seizure-european Journal of Epilepsy, 2015Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Abstract Purpose Epilepsy is more common in people with Intellectual Disabilities than in the general population. However, reported prevalence rates vary widely between studies. This systematic review aimed to provide a summary of prevalence studies and estimates of prevalence based on meta-analyses. Method Studies were identified via electronic searches using Medline, Cinahl and PsycINFO and cross-citations. Information extracted from studies was tabulated. Prevalence rate estimates were pooled using random effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results A total of 48 studies were included in the tabulation and 46 studies were included in meta-analyses. In general samples of people with Intellectual Disabilities, the pooled estimate from 38 studies was 22.2% (95% CI 19.6–25.1). Prevalence increased with increasing level of Intellectual disability. For samples of people with Down syndrome, the pooled estimate from data in 13 studies was 12.4% (95% CI 9.1–16.7), decreasing to 10.3% (95% CI 8.4–12.6) following removal of two studies focusing on older people. Prevalence increased with age in people with Down syndrome and was particularly prevalent in those with Alzheimer's/dementia. Conclusion Epilepsy is highly prevalent in people with Intellectual Disabilities. Services must be equipped with the skills and information needed to manage this condition.
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the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities an updated systematic review of evidence
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2014Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities have been recommended as one component of international health policy responses to the poorer health of people with Intellectual Disabilities. This review updates a previously published review summarising evidence on the impact of health checks on the health and well-being of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Electronic literature searches and email contacts were used to identify literature relevant to the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities published from 1989 to 2013. Forty-eight publications were identified, of which eight articles and two reports were newly identified and not included in the previous review. These involved checking the health of people with Intellectual Disabilities from a range of countries including a full range of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Health checks consistently led to detection of unmet health needs and targeted actions to address health needs. Health checks also had the potential to increase knowledge of the health needs of people with Intellectual Disabilities amongst health professionals and support staff, and to identify gaps in health services. Health checks are effective in identifying previously unrecognised health needs, including life threatening conditions. Future research should consider strategies for optimising the cost effectiveness or efficiency of health checks.
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health inequalities and people with Intellectual Disabilities
2013Co-Authors: Eric Emerson, Chris HattonAbstract:People with Intellectual Disabilities die at a younger age and have poorer health than their non-disabled peers. This is largely avoidable and is unjust. This book uses concepts from contemporary public health to provide a comprehensive evidence-based overview of: the nature and extent of the health inequalities experienced by people with Intellectual Disabilities; why these inequalities occur and persist; and what can and needs to be done to address these inequalities. The authors have a wealth of firsthand experience gained from years of working at the interface between disability research and public health. This experience is collected and shared in this volume, which will be an invaluable resource for practitioners, advocates, policymakers and researchers concerned with health and social care and the wellbeing of disabled people.
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mental health of children and adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities in britain
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Emerson, Chris HattonAbstract:Background Few studies have employed formal diagnostic criteria to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in contemporaneous samples of children with and without Intellectual Disabilities. Aims To establish the prevalence of psychiatric disorders against ICD–10 criteria among children with and without Intellectual Disabilities, the association with social/environmental risk factors, and risk attributable to Intellectual disability. Method Secondary analysis of the 1999 and 2004 Office for National Statistics surveys of the mental health of British children and adolescents with ( n =641) and without ( n =17 774) Intellectual disability. Results Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 36% among children with Intellectual disability and 8% among children without (OR=6.5). Children with Intellectual Disabilities accounted for 14% of all British children with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Increased prevalence was particularly marked for autistic-spectrum disorder (OR=33.4), hyperkinesis (OR=8.4) and conduct disorders (OR=5.7). Cumulative risk of exposure to social disadvantage was associated with increased prevalence. Conclusions A significant proportion of the elevated risk for psychopathology among children with Intellectual disability may be due to their increased rate of exposure to psychosocial disadvantage.
Peter E Langdon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measuring symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in people with Intellectual Disabilities the development and psychometric properties of the impact of event scale Intellectual Disabilities ies ids
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: James C Hall, Peter E Langdon, Laura JobsonAbstract:Background The aims of the study were to (1) revise the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for use with people with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs), creating the Impact of Event Scale-Intellectual Disabilities (IES-IDs), (2) assess the reliability of the IES-IDs, and (3) compare the IES-IDs to an existing measure trauma-related symptomatology, namely the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (LANTS), along with measures of anxiety and depression. Methods Forty adults with IDs who had experienced at least one traumatic event were recruited and completed the IES-IDs and the LANTS on two occasions, separated by 2 weeks. Participants also completed the Glasgow Depression Scale and the Glasgow Anxiety Scale, along with the Trauma Information Form which was used to collect information about trauma history. Results Fifteen per cent of the sample had encountered five or more traumatic events. The IES-IDs and the LANTS had good to excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Both measures correlated with self-report measures of depression and anxiety, although the strength of this correlation was greater with the LANTS. There was a significant positive correlation between trauma frequency and the IES-IDs, while trauma frequency did not correlate with the LANTS. Conclusions Both the IES-IDs and the LANTS appear to have good reliability. Practitioner points There is a lack of well-developed questionnaires that can be used to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with Intellectual Disabilities. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was augmented creating the Impact of Event Scale-Intellectual Disabilities (IES-IDs). The IES-IDs was shown to have good psychometric properties. The IES-IDs was compared to the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (LANTS), but the LANTS did not correlate with trauma frequency. However, this study had a small sample size, and a much larger study is needed to examine the factor structure of both the IES-IDs and the LANTS. Future studies should attempt to recruit people with IDs who have a diagnosis of PTSD.
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relationships among moral reasoning empathy and distorted cognitions in men with Intellectual Disabilities and a history of criminal offending
Scopus, 2011Co-Authors: Peter E Langdon, Glynis H. Murphy, Isabel C H Clare, Tom Steverson, Emma J PalmerAbstract:Eighty men, spread equally across 4 groups, were recruited, including men with and without Intellectual Disabilities. The men were either criminal offenders or nonoffenders. Participants completed measures of moral reasoning, empathy, and distorted cognitions. The results indicated that the moral reasoning abilities of offenders with Intellectual Disabilities were developmentally delayed but were still more mature than those of nonoffenders with Intellectual Disabilities. Offenders without Intellectual Disabilities had less mature moral reasoning abilities than nonoffenders without Intellectual Disabilities. The differences may be partially accounted for by Intellectual ability. The results also indicated that the relationship between empathy and distorted cognitions was mediated by moral reasoning. The findings have implications for the use of psychological interventions with offenders with Intellectual Disabilities.
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moral reasoning theory and illegal behaviour by adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Psychology Crime & Law, 2011Co-Authors: Peter E Langdon, Isabel C H Clare, Glynis H. MurphyAbstract:Abstract Many studies conclude there is a strong relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behaviour amongst young offenders. However, there has been no research examining this relationship amongst people with Intellectual Disabilities. There is some empirical evidence to suggest that the relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behaviour may be curvilinear, such that lower moral reasoning and higher moral reasoning relates to lower rates of illegal behaviour and inappropriate conduct. Given this, and evidence that people with Intellectual Disabilities are reasoning at a lower moral stage than their same-age peers, it is proposed that some people with Intellectual Disabilities may actually be less likely to engage in illegal behaviour because they are reasoning at an earlier moral stage, while those with ‘borderline’ intelligence would be more likely to engage in illegal behaviour. This suggests that the relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behaviour is moderated by intelligence...
Sally-ann Cooper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relative influence of Intellectual Disabilities and autism on sensory impairments and physical disability a whole country cohort of 5 3 million children and adults
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2020Co-Authors: Deborah Kinnear, Craig Melville, Laura Hughesmccormack, Ewelina Rydzewska, Kirsty Dunn, Angela Henderson, Sally-ann CooperAbstract:Background: Intellectual Disabilities and autism are lifelong and often co‐occur. Little is known on their extent of independent association with sensory impairments and physical disability. Methods: For Scotland's population, logistic regressions investigated age–gender‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) of associations, independently, of Intellectual Disabilities and autism with sensory impairments and physical disability. Results: 1,548,819 children/youth, and 3,746,584 adults. In children/youth, the effect size of Intellectual Disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR = 30.12; OR = 2.63), deafness (OR = 13.98; OR = 2.31), and physical disability (OR = 43.72; OR = 5.62). For adults, the effect size of Intellectual Disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR = 16.89; OR = 3.29), deafness (OR = 7.47; OR = 2.36), and physical disability (OR = 6.04; OR = 3.16). Conclusions: Intellectual Disabilities have greater association with the population burden of sensory impairments/physical disability, but autism is also associated regardless of overlap with Intellectual Disabilities. These may impact further on communication limitations due to autism and Intellectual Disabilities, increasing complexity of assessments/management of other health conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of these important issues.
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early death and causes of death of people with Intellectual Disabilities a systematic review
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2018Co-Authors: Lisa Oleary, Sally-ann Cooper, Laura HughesmccormackAbstract:Background Death of people with Intellectual Disabilities is considered to be earlier than for the general population. Methods Databases were searched for key words on Intellectual Disabilities and death. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used. Information was extracted from selected papers, tabulated and synthesized. Prospero registration number: CRD42015020161. Results Of 19,111 retrieved articles, 27 met criteria. Death was earlier by 20 years. It has improved in recent decades; however, the same inequality gap with the general population remains. More severe Intellectual Disabilities, and/or additional comorbidities rendered it shortest. Standardized mortality rates showed a greater inequality for women than men. Respiratory disease and circulatory diseases (with greater congenital and lesser ischaemic disease compared with the general population) were the main causes of death. Cancer was less common, and cancer profile differed from the general population. Some deaths are potentially avoidable. All research is from high-income countries, and cause of death is surprisingly little investigated. Conclusions Improved health care, including anticipatory care such as health checks, and initiatives addressing most relevant lifestyle behaviours and health risks are indicated.
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the relationship between physical ill health and mental ill health in adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2018Co-Authors: A. Dunham, Linda Allan, Elita Smiley, Deborah Kinnear, Sally-ann CooperAbstract:Background: People with Intellectual Disabilities face a much greater burden and earlier onset of physical and mental ill‐health than the general adult population. Physical–mental comorbidity has been shown to result in poorer outcomes in the general population, but little is known about this relationship in adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Aims: To identify whether physical ill‐health is associated with mental ill‐health in adults with Intellectual Disabilities and whether the extent of physical multi‐morbidity can predict the likelihood of mental ill‐health. To identify any associations between types of physical ill‐health and mental ill‐health. Method: A total of 1023 adults with Intellectual Disabilities underwent comprehensive health assessments. Binary logistic regressions were undertaken to establish any association between the independent variables: total number of physical health conditions, physical conditions by International Classification of Disease‐10 chapter and specific physical health conditions; and the dependent variables: problem behaviours, mental disorders of any type. All regressions were adjusted for age, gender, level of Intellectual Disabilities, living arrangements, neighbourhood deprivation and Down syndrome. Results: The extent of physical multi‐morbidity was not associated with mental ill‐health in adults with Intellectual Disabilities as only 0.8% of the sample had no physical conditions. Endocrine disease increased the risk of problem behaviours [odds ratio (OR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.47], respiratory disease reduced the risk of problem behaviours (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.99) and mental ill‐health of any type (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.92), and musculoskeletal disease reduced the risk of mental ill‐health of any type (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.98). Ischaemic heart disease increased the risk of problem behaviours approximately threefold (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02–10.60). Conclusions: The extent of physical multi‐morbidity in the population with Intellectual Disabilities is overwhelming, such that associations are not found with mental ill‐health. Mental health interventions and preventative measures are essential for the entire population with Intellectual Disabilities and should not be focussed on subgroups based on overall health burden.
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multiple physical and mental health comorbidity in adults with Intellectual Disabilities population based cross sectional analysis
BMC Family Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Sally-ann Cooper, Gary Mclean, Bruce Guthrie, Alex Mcconnachie, Stewart W Mercer, Frank Sullivan, Jillian MorrisonAbstract:Adults with Intellectual Disabilities have increased early mortality compared with the general population. However, their extent of multimorbidity (two or more additional conditions) compared with the general population is unknown, particularly with regards to physical ill-health, as are associations between comorbidities, neighbourhood deprivation, and age. We analysed primary health-care data on 1,424,378 adults registered with 314 representative Scottish practices. Data on Intellectual Disabilities, 32 physical, and six mental health conditions were extracted. We generated standardised prevalence rates by age-groups, gender, and neighbourhood deprivation, then calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for adults with Intellectual Disabilities compared to those without, for the prevalence, and number of condition. Eight thousand fourteen (0.56 %) had Intellectual Disabilities, of whom only 31.8 % had no other conditions compared to 51.6 % without Intellectual Disabilities (OR 0.26, 95 % 0.25–0.27). The Intellectual Disabilities group were significantly more likely to have more conditions, with the biggest difference found for three conditions (10.9 % versus 6.8 %; OR 2.28, 95 % CI 2.10–2.46). Fourteen physical conditions were significantly more prevalent, and four cardiovascular conditions occurred less frequently, as did any cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Five of the six mental health conditions were significantly more prevalent. For the adults with Intellectual Disabilities, no gradient was seen in extent of multimorbidity with increasing neighbourhood deprivation; indeed findings were similar in the most affluent and most deprived areas. Co-morbidity increased with age but is highly prevalent at all ages, being similar at age 20–25 to 50–54 year olds in the general population. Multi-morbidity burden is greater, occurs at much earlier age, and the profile of health conditions differs, for adults with Intellectual Disabilities compared with the general population. There is no association with neighbourhood deprivation; people with Intellectual Disabilities need focussed services irrespective of where they live, and at a much earlier age than the general population. They require specific initiatives to reduce inequalities.
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specialist versus generic models of psychiatry training and service provision for people with Intellectual Disabilities
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2008Co-Authors: Gillian Jess, Sally-ann Cooper, Jennifer Jayne Torr, Nicholas Lennox, N Edwards, Jennifer Marie Galea, Gregory ObrienAbstract:Background Models of service provision and professional training differ between countries. This study aims to investigate a specialist Intellectual Disabilities model and a generic mental health model, specifically comparing psychiatrists’ knowledge and competencies, and service quality and accessibility in meeting the mental health needs of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Method Data were collected from consultant and trainee psychiatrists within a specialist Intellectual Disabilities model (UK) and a generic mental health model (Australia). Results The sample sizes were 294 (UK) and 205 (Australia). Statistically significant differences were found, with UK participants having positive views about the specialist Intellectual Disabilities service model they worked within, demonstrating flexible and accessible working practices and service provision, responsive to the range of mental health needs of the population with Intellectual Disabilities, and providing a wide range of treatments and supports. The UK participants were knowledgeable, well trained and confident in their work. They wanted to work with people with Intellectual Disabilities. In all of these areas, the converse was found from the Australian generic mental health service model. Conclusions The specialist Intellectual Disabilities model of service provision and training has advantages over the generic mental health model.
Eric Emerson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence of epilepsy among people with Intellectual Disabilities a systematic review
Seizure-european Journal of Epilepsy, 2015Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Abstract Purpose Epilepsy is more common in people with Intellectual Disabilities than in the general population. However, reported prevalence rates vary widely between studies. This systematic review aimed to provide a summary of prevalence studies and estimates of prevalence based on meta-analyses. Method Studies were identified via electronic searches using Medline, Cinahl and PsycINFO and cross-citations. Information extracted from studies was tabulated. Prevalence rate estimates were pooled using random effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results A total of 48 studies were included in the tabulation and 46 studies were included in meta-analyses. In general samples of people with Intellectual Disabilities, the pooled estimate from 38 studies was 22.2% (95% CI 19.6–25.1). Prevalence increased with increasing level of Intellectual disability. For samples of people with Down syndrome, the pooled estimate from data in 13 studies was 12.4% (95% CI 9.1–16.7), decreasing to 10.3% (95% CI 8.4–12.6) following removal of two studies focusing on older people. Prevalence increased with age in people with Down syndrome and was particularly prevalent in those with Alzheimer's/dementia. Conclusion Epilepsy is highly prevalent in people with Intellectual Disabilities. Services must be equipped with the skills and information needed to manage this condition.
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the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities an updated systematic review of evidence
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2014Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities have been recommended as one component of international health policy responses to the poorer health of people with Intellectual Disabilities. This review updates a previously published review summarising evidence on the impact of health checks on the health and well-being of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Electronic literature searches and email contacts were used to identify literature relevant to the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities published from 1989 to 2013. Forty-eight publications were identified, of which eight articles and two reports were newly identified and not included in the previous review. These involved checking the health of people with Intellectual Disabilities from a range of countries including a full range of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Health checks consistently led to detection of unmet health needs and targeted actions to address health needs. Health checks also had the potential to increase knowledge of the health needs of people with Intellectual Disabilities amongst health professionals and support staff, and to identify gaps in health services. Health checks are effective in identifying previously unrecognised health needs, including life threatening conditions. Future research should consider strategies for optimising the cost effectiveness or efficiency of health checks.
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health inequalities and people with Intellectual Disabilities
2013Co-Authors: Eric Emerson, Chris HattonAbstract:People with Intellectual Disabilities die at a younger age and have poorer health than their non-disabled peers. This is largely avoidable and is unjust. This book uses concepts from contemporary public health to provide a comprehensive evidence-based overview of: the nature and extent of the health inequalities experienced by people with Intellectual Disabilities; why these inequalities occur and persist; and what can and needs to be done to address these inequalities. The authors have a wealth of firsthand experience gained from years of working at the interface between disability research and public health. This experience is collected and shared in this volume, which will be an invaluable resource for practitioners, advocates, policymakers and researchers concerned with health and social care and the wellbeing of disabled people.
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mental health of children and adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities in britain
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Eric Emerson, Chris HattonAbstract:Background Few studies have employed formal diagnostic criteria to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in contemporaneous samples of children with and without Intellectual Disabilities. Aims To establish the prevalence of psychiatric disorders against ICD–10 criteria among children with and without Intellectual Disabilities, the association with social/environmental risk factors, and risk attributable to Intellectual disability. Method Secondary analysis of the 1999 and 2004 Office for National Statistics surveys of the mental health of British children and adolescents with ( n =641) and without ( n =17 774) Intellectual disability. Results Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 36% among children with Intellectual disability and 8% among children without (OR=6.5). Children with Intellectual Disabilities accounted for 14% of all British children with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Increased prevalence was particularly marked for autistic-spectrum disorder (OR=33.4), hyperkinesis (OR=8.4) and conduct disorders (OR=5.7). Cumulative risk of exposure to social disadvantage was associated with increased prevalence. Conclusions A significant proportion of the elevated risk for psychopathology among children with Intellectual disability may be due to their increased rate of exposure to psychosocial disadvantage.
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Poverty and people with Intellectual Disabilities.
Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 2007Co-Authors: Eric EmersonAbstract:Epidemiological studies have consistently reported a significant association between poverty and the prevalence of Intellectual Disabilities. The available evidence suggests that this association reflects two distinct processes. First, poverty causes Intellectual Disabilities, an effect mediated through the association between poverty and exposure to a range of environmental and psychosocial hazards. Second, families supporting a child with Intellectual Disabilities and adults with Intellectual Disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing poverty due to the financial and social impact of caring and the exclusion of people with Intellectual Disabilities from the workforce. It is likely that the association between poverty and Intellectual Disabilities accounts in part for the health and social inequalities experienced by people with Intellectual Disabilities and their families. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in relation to the funding of services for people with Intellectual Disabilities and preventative approaches to addressing the health and social inequalities experienced by people with Intellectual Disabilities and their families.
Janet Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevalence of epilepsy among people with Intellectual Disabilities a systematic review
Seizure-european Journal of Epilepsy, 2015Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Abstract Purpose Epilepsy is more common in people with Intellectual Disabilities than in the general population. However, reported prevalence rates vary widely between studies. This systematic review aimed to provide a summary of prevalence studies and estimates of prevalence based on meta-analyses. Method Studies were identified via electronic searches using Medline, Cinahl and PsycINFO and cross-citations. Information extracted from studies was tabulated. Prevalence rate estimates were pooled using random effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results A total of 48 studies were included in the tabulation and 46 studies were included in meta-analyses. In general samples of people with Intellectual Disabilities, the pooled estimate from 38 studies was 22.2% (95% CI 19.6–25.1). Prevalence increased with increasing level of Intellectual disability. For samples of people with Down syndrome, the pooled estimate from data in 13 studies was 12.4% (95% CI 9.1–16.7), decreasing to 10.3% (95% CI 8.4–12.6) following removal of two studies focusing on older people. Prevalence increased with age in people with Down syndrome and was particularly prevalent in those with Alzheimer's/dementia. Conclusion Epilepsy is highly prevalent in people with Intellectual Disabilities. Services must be equipped with the skills and information needed to manage this condition.
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the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities an updated systematic review of evidence
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2014Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Susannah BainesAbstract:Health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities have been recommended as one component of international health policy responses to the poorer health of people with Intellectual Disabilities. This review updates a previously published review summarising evidence on the impact of health checks on the health and well-being of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Electronic literature searches and email contacts were used to identify literature relevant to the impact of health checks for people with Intellectual Disabilities published from 1989 to 2013. Forty-eight publications were identified, of which eight articles and two reports were newly identified and not included in the previous review. These involved checking the health of people with Intellectual Disabilities from a range of countries including a full range of people with Intellectual Disabilities. Health checks consistently led to detection of unmet health needs and targeted actions to address health needs. Health checks also had the potential to increase knowledge of the health needs of people with Intellectual Disabilities amongst health professionals and support staff, and to identify gaps in health services. Health checks are effective in identifying previously unrecognised health needs, including life threatening conditions. Future research should consider strategies for optimising the cost effectiveness or efficiency of health checks.
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lifestyle related risk factors for poor health in residential settings for people with Intellectual Disabilities
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2000Co-Authors: Janet Robertson, Eric Emerson, Chris Hatton, Nicky Gregory, S Turner, Sophia Kessissoglou, Angela HallamAbstract:Little information is available on the prevalence and determinants of lifestyle related risk factors for poor health (obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse) among people with Intellectual Disabilities. This study reports the prevalence of these risk factors for 500 people with Intellectual Disabilities living in different forms of residential provision in the UK. Variables which predict the presence of these risk factors are also identified. While levels of smoking and alcohol abuse were low, the prevalence of poor diet, obesity in women and physical inactivity was high. Analyses of predictors of risk factors present a mixed pattern with regard to participant and service characteristics, with greater ability and less restrictive residential settings being associated with poor diet, smoking and obesity, but physical inactivity being associated with lower ability and more restrictive settings. It is argued that increasing levels of moderate or vigorous physical activity among people with Intellectual Disabilities would be the single most effective way of improving the health of people with Intellectual Disabilities.
