The Experts below are selected from a list of 5802 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alasdair S. Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Partial Revolution: The Diplomatic Ethos and Transparency in Intergovernmental Organizations
Public Administration Review, 2004Co-Authors: Alasdair S. RobertsAbstract:The World Trade Organization and other Intergovernmental Organizations confront a crisis of legitimacy that is partly rooted in their perceived secretiveness. These Organizations have attempted to address this crisis by promising “the maximum possible level of transparency,” but in fact, the improvements have been modest. Policies regarding access to information about Intergovernmental Organizations' operations continue to accommodate conventions of diplomatic confidentiality. Such conventions are more likely to be breached in areas where disclosure of information is essential to economic liberalization. A true revolution in transparency would require more rigorous policies on disclosure of information held by Intergovernmental Organizations such as the World Trade Organization, and could be justified as a prerequisite for the exercise of basic human rights, such as the right to participate fully in the policy-making process.
-
A Partial Revolution: The Diplomatic Ethos and Transparency in Intergovernmental Organizations
2003Co-Authors: Alasdair S. RobertsAbstract:The World Trade Organization and other Intergovernmental Organizations confront a crisis of legitimacy that is partly rooted in their perceived secretiveness. These Organizations have attempted to address this crisis by promising "the maximum possible level of transparency." In fact, improvements in transparency have been modest. Policies regarding access to information about IGO operations continue to accommodate conventions of diplomatic confidentiality. Such conventions are more likely to be breached in areas where disclosure of information is essential to the project of economic liberalization. A true "revolution" in transparency would require more rigorous policies on disclosure of information held by IGOs such as the World Trade Organization, and could be justified as a prerequisite for the exercise of basic human rights, such as the right to participate fully in the policymaking process
Susan Boland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Research Guides: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): Introduction
2012Co-Authors: Susan BolandAbstract:Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) are created by states through multilateral treaties that act like a constitution in that the states parties are consenting to be bound by the treaty that sets up the agencies, functions, and purposes of the organizat Explains the role of multilateral treaties and secretariates in the typical organization of IGOs.
-
Research Guides: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): C. The European Union
2012Co-Authors: Susan BolandAbstract:Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) are created by states through multilateral treaties that act like a constitution in that the states parties are consenting to be bound by the treaty that sets up the agencies, functions, and purposes of the organizat Includes mission, main organs, major sources of information, & the EU's website.
-
Research Guides: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): A. The United Nations
2012Co-Authors: Susan BolandAbstract:Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) are created by states through multilateral treaties that act like a constitution in that the states parties are consenting to be bound by the treaty that sets up the agencies, functions, and purposes of the organizat Shows and links to main organs of and sources of information about the UN.
-
Research Guides: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): D. Council of Europe
2012Co-Authors: Susan BolandAbstract:Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) are created by states through multilateral treaties that act like a constitution in that the states parties are consenting to be bound by the treaty that sets up the agencies, functions, and purposes of the organizat Includes mission, main organs, major sources of information, & the websites of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights
-
Research Guides: Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): B. The World Bank Group
2012Co-Authors: Susan BolandAbstract:Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) are created by states through multilateral treaties that act like a constitution in that the states parties are consenting to be bound by the treaty that sets up the agencies, functions, and purposes of the organizat Includes mission, main organs, major sources of information, & link to World Bank website.
Alexandru Grigorescu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Normative Pressures and Change in International Relations: Looking at “Democratic Intergovernmental Organizations?” and Beyond
International Politics Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Alexandru GrigorescuAbstract:This article summarizes the main arguments from my book, “Democratic Intergovernmental Organizations? Normative Pressures and Decision-making Rules.” The book asks how democratic norms have shaped decision-making rules in Intergovernmental Organizations. It discusses developments over almost two centuries, across six major Organizations and finds that “normative pressures,” and states' varied reactions to such pressures, have slowly brought the rules of such Organizations closer to the ones in the domestic realm that we generally associate with democracy. I also explain here how the book can lead to further research on Intergovernmental Organizations, norms, and, more broadly, on international relations. I do so by responding to a number of important questions raised by three reviewers, especially those referring to the actual norm dynamics leading to change in the international realm, the implications of my findings for future democratic trends in global governance, and the implications of this research for other aspects of international relations.
-
democratic Intergovernmental Organizations normative pressures and decision making rules
2015Co-Authors: Alexandru GrigorescuAbstract:1. Introduction: 'democratic' Intergovernmental Organizations 2. Normative pressures and strategies for defusing them 3. Fair state participation 4. Fair voting 5. Transparency 6. Participation of nongovernmental actors in Intergovernmental Organizations 7. Transnational parliamentary oversight 8. Conclusions: summarizing and interpreting the main trends.
-
Interactions among Intergovernmental Organizations in the anti-corruption realm
The Review of International Organizations, 2010Co-Authors: Nathaniel Gest, Alexandru GrigorescuAbstract:This study focuses on interactions between Intergovernmental Organizations (IOs) working in the anti-corruption realm. It investigates the factors that enhance IO cooperation. Based on expectations derived primarily from the organization theory literature and, more specifically, from exchange theory, we develop a set of hypotheses regarding the relevance of IO financial resources, expertise, prestige, and bureaucratic culture on the likelihood that IOs will engage in cooperative behavior. The study tests these hypotheses on the formal and informal collaborative networks formed between seventeen IOs engaged in anti-corruption work. The results of the tests offer support for most of the hypotheses and suggest several additional arguments explaining the likelihood of inter-organizational collaboration.
-
The spread of bureaucratic oversight mechanisms across Intergovernmental Organizations
International Studies Quarterly, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandru GrigorescuAbstract:The study asks why so many Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) have established recently offices and policies intended to facilitate the oversight of their bureaucracies. It begins from a set of hypotheses derived from the principal-agent (PA) literature, a natural starting point for answering this question. It then considers explanations based on norms and institutional diffusion to offer a more complete explanation of developments. The study argues that the empowerment of democratic norms and institutional diffusion processes across IGOs have altered member-states’ preferences and allowed them to overcome collective action problems involved in the adoption of oversight mechanisms. The hypotheses are tested across more than 70 Organizations. The results suggest that arguments extracted from the PA literature and the one on norms allow us to understand which IGOs are more likely to have bureaucratic oversight mechanisms. On the other hand, models that also take into account diffusion processes allow us to understand better when such mechanisms are adopted.
-
Horizontal Accountability in Intergovernmental Organizations
Ethics & International Affairs, 2008Co-Authors: Alexandru GrigorescuAbstract:Many Intergovernmental Organizations (IOs) have recently established offices of internal oversight. Yet scandals such as the one surrounding the Oil-for-Food Program in the United Nations have revealed serious flaws in the design of these institutions, especially their lack of independence from top administrators of the bureaucracies that they are supposed to oversee. This study argues that this is due, in great part, to the initial use of an imperfect domestic model. It shows that, in addition to using a flawed model as a starting point for negotiations, states and IO officials intentionally weakened oversight offices even more. The study argues that member-states need to quickly give such offices increased independence in order to make them more effective and to avoid the continued erosion of the legitimacy of IOs.
Hae S. Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Effect of “Collective” Regional Intergovernmental Organizations (RIGOs) on Global Security
2019Co-Authors: Hae S. KimAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of “collective” regional Intergovernmental Organizations (RIGOs) on global security, national (traditional) and human (non-traditional), of the mem...
-
The Effect of “Collective” Regional Intergovernmental Organizations (RIGOs) on Global Security
Chinese Journal of International Review, 2019Co-Authors: Hae S. KimAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of “collective” regional Intergovernmental Organizations (RIGOs) on global security, national (traditional) and human (non-traditional), of the member states. A total of 12 RIGOs across 222 countries were selected. It has been argued whether the “collective” RIGOs, military or economic, regional or sub-regional, have been effective in enhancing the global security of their respective “individual” sovereign member states. The following 10 variables were chosen as human security: poverty, corruption, unemployment, global food security, income inequality, population growth, human development index (HDI), political freedom, quality of life, and economic freedom. For the national security variables, conflict, military expenditure, and global peace were selected. Based on factor analysis, two global security patterns were found: predominant and peripheral. RIGOs, despite their institutional collectivism, were found not to affect the predominant global security, while their effects on the peripheral global security were found to be spotty. In affecting global security, national or human, RIGO with its collectivism was found not to prevail over individual sovereign member states.
Dawisson Belém Lopes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Polyarchies, competitive oligarchies or inclusive hegemonies? A comparison of 23 global Intergovernmental Organizations based on Robert Dahl’s political theory
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 2016Co-Authors: Dawisson Belém LopesAbstract:AbstractIn this article, I assume that global Intergovernmental Organizations (GIGOs) function as enablers of interstate liberal politics by way of their multilateral institutional frameworks. To support this view, I recall and adapt the classical concept of ‘polyarchy,’ coined in the early 1950s by Robert A. Dahl. It consists of a two‐dimensional theoretical construct applicable for measuring the level of liberalization in modern political societies. It follows that the more actors who take part in politics, and the more such institutions allow political opposition, the more open a society (of states) is likely to be. I therefore assess and rate the level of polyarchization of 23 GIGOs that cover various issue areas and fit some specific criteria (for example, more than one hundred member states from at least three different continents). Methodology includes a scorecard developed to help achieve these research objectives.
-
polyarchies competitive oligarchies or inclusive hegemonies a comparison of 23 global Intergovernmental Organizations based on robert dahl s political theory
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 2016Co-Authors: Dawisson Belém LopesAbstract:AbstractIn this article, I assume that global Intergovernmental Organizations (GIGOs) function as enablers of interstate liberal politics by way of their multilateral institutional frameworks. To support this view, I recall and adapt the classical concept of ‘polyarchy,’ coined in the early 1950s by Robert A. Dahl. It consists of a two‐dimensional theoretical construct applicable for measuring the level of liberalization in modern political societies. It follows that the more actors who take part in politics, and the more such institutions allow political opposition, the more open a society (of states) is likely to be. I therefore assess and rate the level of polyarchization of 23 GIGOs that cover various issue areas and fit some specific criteria (for example, more than one hundred member states from at least three different continents). Methodology includes a scorecard developed to help achieve these research objectives.
-
Polyarchies, Competitive Oligarchies, or Inclusive Hegemonies? 23 Global Intergovernmental Organizations Compared
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Dawisson Belém LopesAbstract:In this paper, I assume that global Intergovernmental Organizations (GIGOs) function as “enablers” of interstate liberal politics by way of their multilateral institutional frame-works. To support this view, I recall and adapt the classical concept of “polyarchy,” coined in the early 1950s by Robert A. Dahl. It consists of a two-dimensional theoretical construct applicable for measuring the level of liberalization in modern political societies. It follows that the more actors who take part in politics, and the more that institutions allow political opposition, the more open a society (of states) is likely to be. I thus wish to assess and rate the level of “polyarchization” of 23 GIGOs that cover various issue areas and fit some specific criteria (for example, more than one hundred member states from at least three different continents). The methodology section includes a scorecard that I have specially developed to help achieve these research objectives.
-
Global Intergovernmental Organizations: Polyarchies, Competitive Oligarchies, or Inclusive Hegemonies?
2012Co-Authors: Dawisson Belém LopesAbstract:This paper looks into two dimensions of the alleged 'democratization' of global governance, that is, the increase in the levels of participation (inclusiveness) and political opposition (contestation) of states within the ambit of Intergovernmental Organizations (IOs), on a comparative basis. Four of the main IGOs in the world - UN, WTO, IMF and World Bank - will be put into scrutiny with a view to diagnosing how polyarchic each one of them can be. Reliant on Robert Dahl's (1971) three-tiered classification of political regimes (polyarchy, competitive oligarchy, inclusive hegemony), this paper aims at establishing a typology in which IGOs could be better assessed and evaluated in what concerns their 'democracy-enhancing' capabilities for the Westphalian system of states in a scenario of global governance.
