The Experts below are selected from a list of 8316 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Davide Viaggi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
water management and Irrigated agriculture in italy multicriteria analysis of alternative policy scenarios
Water Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:Irrigated agriculture in Europe is facing major changes, due to the reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and the coming into force of the new Water Framework Directive (60/2000). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the perceived outcome of different scenarios from the point of view of different stakeholders, as an instrument to support policy in the sector of Irrigated Farming. The methodology is based on the multicriteria analysis of water and agricultural policy scenarios and is applied in five study areas in Italy. The pay-offs for different stakeholders differ greatly between scenarios. Basic contrasts between farmer-related and environmental/water institutions are emphasised when facing different futures. This shows that greater coordination is necessary to provide consistent policies and appropriate incentives to farmers.
-
the impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on Irrigated Farming systems in italy an analysis based on farm level multi attribute linear programming models
Agricultural Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of agriculture and water policy scenarios on the sustainability of selected Irrigated Farming systems in Italy, in the context of the forthcoming implementation of the directive EC 60/2000. Directive EC 60/2000 (Water Framework Directive) is intended to represent the reference norm regulating water use throughout Europe. Five main scenarios were developed reflecting aspects of agricultural policy, markets and technologies: Agenda 2000, world market, global sustainability, provincial agriculture and local community . These were combined with two water price levels, representing stylised scenarios for water policy. The effects of the scenarios on Irrigated systems were simulated using multi-attribute linear programming models representing the reactions of the farms to external variables defined by each scenario. The output of the models consists of economic, social and environmental indicators aimed at quantifying the impact of the scenarios on different aspects of sustainability relevant for Irrigated Farming systems. Five Italian Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereal, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Irrigated systems and the different effects that water pricing policy may produce depending on the agricultural policy, market and technological scenarios. They also highlight a clear trade-off between socio-economic sustainability and environmental (water, nitrogen, pesticide) sustainability. Water pricing will have, in most cases, less impact than agricultural markets and policy scenarios, though it appears to be an effective instrument for water regulation in the least intensive Irrigated systems considered. This emphasises the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive at the local level as well as a more careful balance of water conservation, agricultural policy and rural development objectives.
-
The impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on Irrigated Farming systems in Italy: An analysis based on farm level multi-attribute linear programming models
Agricultural Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of agriculture and water policy scenarios on the sustainability of selected Irrigated Farming systems in Italy, in the context of the forthcoming implementation of the directive EC 60/2000. Directive EC 60/2000 (Water Framework Directive) is intended to represent the reference norm regulating water use throughout Europe. Five main scenarios were developed reflecting aspects of agricultural policy, markets and technologies: Agenda 2000, world market, global sustainability, provincial agriculture and local community. These were combined with two water price levels, representing stylised scenarios for water policy. The effects of the scenarios on Irrigated systems were simulated using multi-attribute linear programming models representing the reactions of the farms to external variables defined by each scenario. The output of the models consists of economic, social and environmental indicators aimed at quantifying the impact of the scenarios on different aspects of sustainability relevant for Irrigated Farming systems. Five Italian Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereal, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Irrigated systems and the different effects that water pricing policy may produce depending on the agricultural policy, market and technological scenarios. They also highlight a clear trade-off between socio-economic sustainability and environmental (water, nitrogen, pesticide) sustainability. Water pricing will have, in most cases, less impact than agricultural markets and policy scenarios, though it appears to be an effective instrument for water regulation in the least intensive Irrigated systems considered. This emphasises the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive at the local level as well as a more careful balance of water conservation, agricultural policy and rural development objectives
-
Water Policy and Sustainability of Irrigated Farming Systems in Italy
2005Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of the sustainability of Irrigated agriculture in Italy in the context of CAP reform and Water Framework Directive. The work combines scenario analysis, multicriteria mathematical programming simulation models and economic, social and environmental indicators. Five Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereals, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Italian Irrigated Farming systems and the trade-off between socio-economic and environmental performance. This highlights the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive, balancing water conservation and rural development objectives.
Shamsollah Ayoubi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Erodibility of calcareous soils as influenced by land use and intrinsic soil properties in a semiarid region of central Iran
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2018Co-Authors: Shamsollah Ayoubi, M R Mosaddeghi, Javad Mokhtari, Mojtaba ZeraatpishehAbstract:The most important properties affecting the soil loss and runoff were investigated, and the effects of land use on the soil properties, together with the erodibility indices in a semiarid zone, central Iran, were evaluated. The locations of 100 positions were acquired by cLHS and 0–5-cm surface soil layer samples were used for laboratory analyses from the Borujen Region, Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province, central Iran. To measure in situ runoff and soil erodibility of three different land uses comprising dryland, Irrigated Farming, and rangeland, a portable rainfall simulator was used. The results showed that the high variations (coefficient of variation, CV) were obtained for electrical conductivity (EC), mean weight diameter (MWD), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil erodibility indices including runoff volume, soil loss, and sediment concentration (CV ~ 43.6–77.4%). Soil erodibility indices showed positive and significant correlations with bulk density and negative correlations with SOC, MWD, clay content, and soil shear strength in the area under investigation. The values of runoff in the dryland, Irrigated Farming, and rangeland were found 1.5, 28.9, and 58.7 cm3; soil loss in the dryland, Irrigated Farming, and rangeland were observed 0.25, 2.96, and 76.8 g; and the amount of sediment concentration in the dryland, Irrigated Farming, and rangeland were found 0.01, 0.11, and 0.15 g cm−3. It is suggested that further investigations should be carried out on soil erodibility and the potential of sediment yield in various land uses with varying topography and soil properties in semiarid regions of Iran facing the high risk of soil loss.
-
Soil atterberg limits and consistency indices as influenced by land use and slope position in Western Iran
Journal of Mountain Science, 2015Co-Authors: Zalira Zolfaghari, Shamsollah Ayoubi, Mohamamd Reza Mosaddeghi, Hamid KelishadiAbstract:Atterberg limits and consistency indices are used for classifications of cohesive (fine-grained) soils in relation with compaction and tillage practices. They also provide information for interpreting several soil mechanical and physical properties such as shear strength, compressibility, shrinkage and swelling potentials. Although, several studies have been conducted regarding the land use effects on various soil mechanical properties, little is known about the effects of land use and slope positions on Atterberg limits and consistency indices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use and slope position on selected soil physical and chemical properties, Atterberg limits and consistency indices in hilly region of western Iran. Three land uses including dryland Farming, Irrigated Farming and pasture and four slope positions (i.e., shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope) were used for soil samplings. One hundred eleven soil samples were collected from the surface soil (0-10 cm). Selected physical and chemical properties, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL) and shrinkage limit (SL) were measured using the standard methods; and consistency indices including plastic index (PI), friability index (FI), shrinkage index (SI) and soil activity 04 = PI /clay) were calculated. The results showed that Irrigated Farming significantly increased organic matter content (OM) and OM/clay ratio, and decreased bulk density (pt>) and relative bulk density (рь-геі) as a result of higher biomass production and plant residues added to the soil compared to other land uses. Except for sand content, OM, pt>, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), slope position significantly affected soil physical and chemical properties. The highest values of silt, OM/clay and CEC/clay were found in the toeslope position, predominantly induced by soil redistribution within the landscape. The use of complexed (COC) - noncomplexed organic carbon (NCOC) concept indicated that majority of the studied soils were located below the saturation line and the OM in the soils was mainly in the COC form. The LL, PI, FI and A showed significant differences among the land uses; the highest values belonged to the Irrigated Farming due to high biomass production and plant residues returned to the soils. Furthermore, slope position significantly affected the Atterberg limits and consistency indices except for SL. The highest values of LL, PI, SI and A were observed in the toeslope position probably because of higher OM and CEC/clay due to greater amount of expandable phyllosilicate clays. Overall, soils on the toeslope under Irrigated Farming with high LL and SI and low values of FI need careful tillage management to avoid soil compaction.
-
in situ surface shear strength as affected by soil characteristics and land use in calcareous soils of central iran
Geoderma, 2015Co-Authors: S. Havaee, M R Mosaddeghi, Shamsollah AyoubiAbstract:Abstract Soil surface shear strength is an important input parameter in the process-based soil erosion models, but its direct measurement at the watershed scale is difficult, time-consuming and costly. This study was conducted to predict in situ shear strength of the soil surface using multiple-linear regression (MLR). The land use impact on the surface shear strength was examined as well. A direct shear box was constructed to measure in situ shear strength (cohesion, c and angle of internal friction, φ ) of the soil surface in the Semirom region located in Isfahan province, central Iran. The shear device consisted of a circular shear box (with 10 cm internal diameter and height of 1 cm), an S-shaped load cell for measuring horizontal (shear) stress and an electric motor for applying the shear stress. The normal stress acting on the failure surface was adjusted by adding weights on the shear box. Soil surface shear strength was determined using the shear box at 100 locations under three land use systems of grassland, Irrigated Farming and dryland Farming. Soil particle size distribution (clay, silt, sand and fine clay), organic matter content (OM), carbonate content, bulk density and gravel content were determined as predictors of the surface shear strength. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was also calculated using satellite images. The MLR was employed to predict the shear strength (i.e. c and φ ) using two groups of input variables: i) easily-available soil properties (pedotransfer functions, PTFs) and ii) easily-available soil properties and NDVI (soil spatial prediction functions, SSPFs). A strong negative correlation ( r = − 0.72, p c and φ in the studied area. Positive correlation ( r = 0.41, p c and fine clay content. The c was negatively correlated ( r = − 0.31, p r = − 0.37, p r = 0.47, p φ and gravel content, indicating the roughness effect of coarse particles on frictional shear strength. The results also showed that NDVI is an important factor indirectly explaining the variability of both c and φ in the studied soils. The land use effect on the soil properties was investigated using the LSD 0.05 test. The means of φ somehow follow the variation of gravel content among the land uses; the highest means of clay and fine clay contents and c , and the lowest means of sand and gravel contents and φ were observed in dryland Farming. The c has the same trend as did clay content; Irrigated Farming with the highest mean of sand content and lowest mean of clay content had the lowest mean of c . The c means were significantly different between Irrigated Farming and dryland Farming. Prediction models of in situ shear strength derived using both soil properties and NDVI as predictors (SSPFs) were more accurate than those derived using only soil properties (PTFs).
-
Impacts of land use on soil organic matter and degree of compactness in calcareous soils of central Iran
Soil Use and Management, 2013Co-Authors: S. Havaee, Shamsollah Ayoubi, M R Mosaddeghi, Thomas KellerAbstract:This study was conducted to investigate the impact of land use (dryland Farming, grassland and Irrigated Farming) on bulk density, (ρb) and relative bulk density (ρb-rel), and to study the relationships between ρb and ρb-rel, respectively, and soil organic matter content (OM) and soil texture at 100 locations in calcareous soils of central Iran. The ρb–rel was expressed as the ratio of ρb to a reference bulk density, ρbef. By considering ρb-ref an inherent soil property that is dependent on soil texture but not on OM, the combined effects of OM due to land use and compaction (due to agricultural machinery) on the degree of compactness could be explored. Multiple linear regression was used to derive pedotransfer functions for predicting ρb and ρb-rel. It was found that ρb-rel is strongly affected by OM, and a strong correlation was obtained between ρb-rel and the ratio of OM to clay content. The predictive performance of the multiple regression models was poorest for Irrigated Farming, which might be explained by intensive soil disturbance by tillage in Irrigated Farming. The main effect of land use was on OM, and consequently, the degree of compactness was mainly controlled by OM. The greatest OM and least ρb-rel were measured in Irrigated Farming. Dryland Farming had the least OM and the greatest ρb-rel.
A. Dalla Marta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Irrigated Farming systems: using the water footprint as an indicator of environmental, social and economic sustainability
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018Co-Authors: Filiberto Altobelli, Orlando Cimino, Simone Orlandini, Francesca Natali, Alexandre Meybeck, Vincent Gitz, A. Dalla MartaAbstract:AbstractIn the current study, for the main crops cultivated in the Campania region (South of Italy), three indicators were proposed and analysed. The blue water footprint (WFb), which gives an indication of the impact of irrigation on the water resource; the gross margin WFb (GMWFb), describing the economic productivity of irrigation; and the job WFb (JWFb) that expresses the social value of blue water in terms of job opportunities. Results confirmed that water applied through irrigation is much higher compared with crop requirements. In terms of GMWFb, silage maize, maize and alfalfa had the highest values, while olive, potato and tomato had the lowest. Concerning JWFb, silage maize was the crop with the highest value. Even though a deeper analysis should be done in terms of added value in the entire supply chain, the results indicated a clear difference between the crops related to animal feeding (alfalfa, maize) and the other crops taken into consideration. In fact, for the former, both the GMWFb and the JWFb achieved their highest values. Results showed that for certain irrigation volumes and for certain crops, the economic and social impacts are very different and the choice of an Irrigated crop rather than another has different repercussions in terms of environmental and socio-economic sustainability. The proposed indicators would allow water managers and farmers to assess and compare production systems in terms of the different benefits that their use of water can provide.
Fabio Bartolini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
water management and Irrigated agriculture in italy multicriteria analysis of alternative policy scenarios
Water Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:Irrigated agriculture in Europe is facing major changes, due to the reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and the coming into force of the new Water Framework Directive (60/2000). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the perceived outcome of different scenarios from the point of view of different stakeholders, as an instrument to support policy in the sector of Irrigated Farming. The methodology is based on the multicriteria analysis of water and agricultural policy scenarios and is applied in five study areas in Italy. The pay-offs for different stakeholders differ greatly between scenarios. Basic contrasts between farmer-related and environmental/water institutions are emphasised when facing different futures. This shows that greater coordination is necessary to provide consistent policies and appropriate incentives to farmers.
-
the impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on Irrigated Farming systems in italy an analysis based on farm level multi attribute linear programming models
Agricultural Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of agriculture and water policy scenarios on the sustainability of selected Irrigated Farming systems in Italy, in the context of the forthcoming implementation of the directive EC 60/2000. Directive EC 60/2000 (Water Framework Directive) is intended to represent the reference norm regulating water use throughout Europe. Five main scenarios were developed reflecting aspects of agricultural policy, markets and technologies: Agenda 2000, world market, global sustainability, provincial agriculture and local community . These were combined with two water price levels, representing stylised scenarios for water policy. The effects of the scenarios on Irrigated systems were simulated using multi-attribute linear programming models representing the reactions of the farms to external variables defined by each scenario. The output of the models consists of economic, social and environmental indicators aimed at quantifying the impact of the scenarios on different aspects of sustainability relevant for Irrigated Farming systems. Five Italian Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereal, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Irrigated systems and the different effects that water pricing policy may produce depending on the agricultural policy, market and technological scenarios. They also highlight a clear trade-off between socio-economic sustainability and environmental (water, nitrogen, pesticide) sustainability. Water pricing will have, in most cases, less impact than agricultural markets and policy scenarios, though it appears to be an effective instrument for water regulation in the least intensive Irrigated systems considered. This emphasises the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive at the local level as well as a more careful balance of water conservation, agricultural policy and rural development objectives.
-
The impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on Irrigated Farming systems in Italy: An analysis based on farm level multi-attribute linear programming models
Agricultural Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of agriculture and water policy scenarios on the sustainability of selected Irrigated Farming systems in Italy, in the context of the forthcoming implementation of the directive EC 60/2000. Directive EC 60/2000 (Water Framework Directive) is intended to represent the reference norm regulating water use throughout Europe. Five main scenarios were developed reflecting aspects of agricultural policy, markets and technologies: Agenda 2000, world market, global sustainability, provincial agriculture and local community. These were combined with two water price levels, representing stylised scenarios for water policy. The effects of the scenarios on Irrigated systems were simulated using multi-attribute linear programming models representing the reactions of the farms to external variables defined by each scenario. The output of the models consists of economic, social and environmental indicators aimed at quantifying the impact of the scenarios on different aspects of sustainability relevant for Irrigated Farming systems. Five Italian Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereal, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Irrigated systems and the different effects that water pricing policy may produce depending on the agricultural policy, market and technological scenarios. They also highlight a clear trade-off between socio-economic sustainability and environmental (water, nitrogen, pesticide) sustainability. Water pricing will have, in most cases, less impact than agricultural markets and policy scenarios, though it appears to be an effective instrument for water regulation in the least intensive Irrigated systems considered. This emphasises the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive at the local level as well as a more careful balance of water conservation, agricultural policy and rural development objectives
-
Water Policy and Sustainability of Irrigated Farming Systems in Italy
2005Co-Authors: Fabio Bartolini, Guido Maria Bazzani, Vittorio Alessandro Gallerani, Meri Raggi, Davide ViaggiAbstract:The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of the sustainability of Irrigated agriculture in Italy in the context of CAP reform and Water Framework Directive. The work combines scenario analysis, multicriteria mathematical programming simulation models and economic, social and environmental indicators. Five Irrigated Farming systems were considered: cereals, rice, fruit, vegetables and citrus. The results show the diversity of Italian Irrigated Farming systems and the trade-off between socio-economic and environmental performance. This highlights the need for a differentiated application of the Water Framework Directive, balancing water conservation and rural development objectives.
Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
detecting linear trend of reference evapotranspiration in Irrigated Farming areas in brazil s semiarid region
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2019Co-Authors: Jorio Bezerra Cabral, Claudio Moises Santos E Silva, Hermes Alves De Almeida, Bergson Guedes Bezerra, Maria Helena Constantino SpyridesAbstract:Northeast Brazil’s semiarid region is characterized by water deficit. However, little is known about the trends in joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration) in the region. Thus, this study aimed to analyze indications on the linear trend of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in the monthly, annual, and interdecadal scales in Irrigated agricultural areas in the microregions of Juazeiro, Bahia State (9° 24’ S; 40° 26’ W and 375.5 m), and Petrolina, Pernambuco State (09° 09’ S, 40° 22’ W, and 376 m). For this purpose, we used a set of daily meteorological data, collected from January 1, 1976, to December 31, 2014. Daily ET0 values were estimated by the FAO’s Penman-Monteith equation (ET0PM). The main statistical tests used were the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test, the Sen test to detect the magnitude of the trend, and the Pettitt test to detect the start of the trend. For all tests, statistical significance was 5% and/or 1%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also applied to identify significant differences between the mean interdecadal values for each season. The results showed a significant decreasing trend for ET0 in both Juazeiro (α = 5%) and Petrolina (α = 1%), with declines of 14.5 mm/year (Juazeiro) and 7.7 mm/year (Petrolina) and that this trend started in 1996. Probably, the ET0 decrease was associated with the increase in the Irrigated agricultural areas, and the lake formed upstream from the areas by the construction of Sobradinho Dam.
