The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gyanesh Chander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intra-annual NDVI validation of the Landsat 5 TM radiometric calibration
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, D. P. GroeneveldAbstract:Multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone of the extensive archive of moderate-resolution Earth imagery. Even after more than 24 years of service, the L5 TM is still operational. Given the longevity of the satellite, the detectors have aged and the sensor's radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters in the National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations in 2003 and 2007 have improved the radiometric accuracy of recently processed data. This letter uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a metric to evaluate the radiometric calibration. The calibration change has improved absolute calibration accuracy, consistency over time, and consistency with Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic radiometry and will provide the basis for continued long-term studies of the Earth's land surfaces.
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Updated Radiometric Calibration for the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Reflective Bands
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008Co-Authors: Dennis L Helder, Julia Barsi, Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Kurt Thome, Rimy MallaAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological survey earth resources observation and science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS.
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revised Landsat 5 thematic mapper radiometric calibration
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Julia BarsiAbstract:Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) data that are processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) will be updated. The lifetime gain model that was implemented on May 5, 2003, for the reflective bands (1-5, 7) will be replaced by a new lifetime radiometric-calibration curve that is derived from the instrument's response to pseudoinvariant desert sites and from cross calibration with the Landsat-7 (L7) Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+). Although this calibration update applies to all archived and future L5 TM data, the principal improvements in the calibration are for the data acquired during the first eight years of the mission (1984-1991), where the changes in the instrument-gain values are as much as 15%. The radiometric scaling coefficients for bands 1 and 2 for approximately the first eight years of the mission have also been changed. Users will need to apply these new coefficients to convert the calibrated data product digital numbers to radiance. The scaling coefficients for the other bands have not changed.
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IGARSS - Radiometric recalibration procedure for Landsat-5 thematic mapper data
2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, E. Micijevic, R.w. Hayes, Julia BarsiAbstract:The Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was launched on March 01, 1984, with a design life of three years. Incredibly, the L5 thematic mapper (TM) has collected data for 23 years. Over this time, the detectors have aged, and its radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations have improved the radiometric accuracy of recently processed data; however, users with data that were processed prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing level 1 (L1) products without having to purchase reprocessed data from the U.S. geological survey (USGS). The accuracy of the recalibration is dependent on the knowledge of the prior calibration applied to the data. The "work order" file, included with standard national land archive production system (NLAPS) data products, gives parameters that define the applied calibration. These are the internal calibrator (IC) calibration parameters or the default prelaunch calibration, if there were problems with the IC calibration. This paper details the recalibration procedure for data processed using IC, in which users have the work order file.
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IGARSS - Improved outgassing models for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper
2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007Co-Authors: E. Micijevic, Gyanesh Chander, R.w. HayesAbstract:The Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) detectors of the short wave infrared (SWIR) bands 5 and 7 are maintained on cryogenic temperatures to minimize thermal noise and allow adequate detection of scene energy. Over the instrument's lifetime, gain oscillations are observed in these bands that are caused by an ice-like contaminant that gradually builds up on the window of a dewar that houses these bands' detectors. This process of icing, an effect of material outgassing in space, is detected and characterized through observations of Internal Calibrator (IC) data. Analyses of IC data indicated three to five percent uncertainty in absolute gain estimates due to this icing phenomenon. The thin-film interference lifetime models implemented in the image product generation systems at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) successfully remove up to 80 percent of the icing effects for the image acquisition period from the satellite's launch in 1984 until 2001; however, their correction ability was found to be much lower for the time thereafter. This study concentrates on improving the estimates of the contaminant film growth rate and the associated change in the period of gain oscillations. The goal is to provide model parameters with the potential to correct 70 to 80 percent of gain uncertainties caused by outgassing effects in L5 TM bands 5 and 7 over the instrument's entire lifetime.
Brian L. Markham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Updated Radiometric Calibration for the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Reflective Bands
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008Co-Authors: Dennis L Helder, Julia Barsi, Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Kurt Thome, Rimy MallaAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological survey earth resources observation and science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS.
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revised Landsat 5 thematic mapper radiometric calibration
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Julia BarsiAbstract:Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) data that are processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) will be updated. The lifetime gain model that was implemented on May 5, 2003, for the reflective bands (1-5, 7) will be replaced by a new lifetime radiometric-calibration curve that is derived from the instrument's response to pseudoinvariant desert sites and from cross calibration with the Landsat-7 (L7) Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+). Although this calibration update applies to all archived and future L5 TM data, the principal improvements in the calibration are for the data acquired during the first eight years of the mission (1984-1991), where the changes in the instrument-gain values are as much as 15%. The radiometric scaling coefficients for bands 1 and 2 for approximately the first eight years of the mission have also been changed. Users will need to apply these new coefficients to convert the calibrated data product digital numbers to radiance. The scaling coefficients for the other bands have not changed.
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Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Thermal Band Calibration Update
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Julia Barsi, John R. Schott, Simon J. Hook, N.g. Raqueno, Brian L. MarkhamAbstract:The Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) has been operational since 1984. For much of its life, the calibration of TM has been neglected, but recent efforts are attempting to monitor stability and absolute calibration. This letter focuses on the calibration of the TM thermal band from 1999 to the present. Initial studies in the first two years of the TM mission showed that the thermal band was calibrated within the error in the calibration process (plusmn 0.9 K at 300 K). The calibration was not rigorously monitored again until 1999. While the internal calibrator has behaved as expected, recent vicarious calibration results show a significant offset error of 0.092 W/m2 ldr sr ldr mum or about 0.68 K at 300 K. This offset error was corrected on April 2, 2007 within the U.S. processing system through the modification of a calibration coefficient for all data acquired on or after April 1, 1999. Users can correct their own Level-1 data processed prior to April 2, 2007, by adding 0.092 W/m2 ldr sr ldr mum to their radiance level products. The state of the calibration between 1985 and 1999 is unknown; no changes for data acquired in those years are being recommended here.
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A definitive calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper anchored to the Landsat-7 radiometric scale
Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: P M Teillet, Julia Barsi, T.a. Ruggles, F.j. Ahern, N.j. Higgs, Gyanesh Chander, Dennis L Helder, R. Landry, Brian L. Markham, John L BarkerAbstract:A coordinated effort on the part of several agencies has led to the specification of a definitive radiometric calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) for its lifetime since launch in 1984. The time-dependent calibration record for Landsat-5 TM has been placed on the same radiometric scale as the Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+). It has been implemented in the National Landsat Archive Production Systems (NLAPS) in use in North America. This paper documents the results of this collaborative effort and the specifications for the related calibration processing algorithms. The specifications include (i) anchoring of the Landsat-5 TM calibration record to the Landsat-7 ETM+ absolute radiometric calibration, (ii) new time-dependent calibration processing equations and procedures applicable to raw Landsat-5 TM data, and (iii) algorithms for recalibration computations applicable to some of the existing processed datasets in the North American context. The cross-calibration between L...
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Landsat-5 TM reflective-band absolute radiometric calibration
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, Dennis L Helder, Brian L. Markham, E. Micijevic, J.d. Dewald, Edward Kaita, Kurtis J. Thome, T.a. RugglesAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provides the longest running continuous dataset of moderate spatial resolution remote sensing imagery, dating back to its launch in March 1984. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for this imagery used the instrument's response to the Internal Calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset of each detector. Due to observed degradations in the IC, a new procedure was implemented for U.S.-processed data in May 2003. This new calibration procedure is based on a lifetime radiometric calibration model for the instrument's reflective bands (1-5 and 7) and is derived, in part, from the IC response without the related degradation effects and is tied to the cross calibration with the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus. Reflective-band absolute radiometric accuracy of the instrument tends to be on the order of 7% to 10%, based on a variety of calibration methods.
Dennis L Helder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Updated Radiometric Calibration for the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Reflective Bands
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008Co-Authors: Dennis L Helder, Julia Barsi, Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Kurt Thome, Rimy MallaAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological survey earth resources observation and science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS.
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Cross-calibration of the Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 thematic mappers
Proceedings of SPIE, 2005Co-Authors: Cory Mettler, Dennis L HelderAbstract:The Landsat Thematic Mappers have obtained imagery of the Earth's surface since 1982 with the launch of Landsat 4. However, the absolute calibration of this first instrument, as well as it's cross-calibration to the other two thematic mappers on Landsat 5 and 7, remains in question. The objective for this work was to provide an absolute radiometric calibration of the Landsat 4 instrument. Landsat 4's internal calibrator, while still useful, does not provide an absolute calibration; it does provide a relative calibration of the instrument's responsivity over the lifetime of the mission. The same is true for the Landsat 5 internal calibrator; however, Landsat 5 has been cross-calibrated to Landsat 7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, which is believed to be absolutely calibrated to within 5%. Therefore, by cross-calibrating Landsat 4 to Landsat 7 through Landsat 5, an absolute calibration for Landsat 4 can be determined. This study provides only the Landsat 4 and 5 cross-calibration models. To determine these models, Landsat 4/Landsat 5 scene pairs were studied. Within each pair, 8 400x400-pixel sub-regions were selected from the image. The exact geo-located sub-region was located from both instruments and an assumption was made that the ground and the atmosphere did not change between image dates. Therefore, any difference between the images may be attributed to the difference in the instruments. Results of this cross-calibration using multiple dates were consistent to within 2%. Once the cross-calibration points were determined, they were used to correct the relative lifetime-calibration model from the internal calibrator, hence producing an absolute lifetime-calibration model.
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A definitive calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper anchored to the Landsat-7 radiometric scale
Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: P M Teillet, Julia Barsi, T.a. Ruggles, F.j. Ahern, N.j. Higgs, Gyanesh Chander, Dennis L Helder, R. Landry, Brian L. Markham, John L BarkerAbstract:A coordinated effort on the part of several agencies has led to the specification of a definitive radiometric calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) for its lifetime since launch in 1984. The time-dependent calibration record for Landsat-5 TM has been placed on the same radiometric scale as the Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+). It has been implemented in the National Landsat Archive Production Systems (NLAPS) in use in North America. This paper documents the results of this collaborative effort and the specifications for the related calibration processing algorithms. The specifications include (i) anchoring of the Landsat-5 TM calibration record to the Landsat-7 ETM+ absolute radiometric calibration, (ii) new time-dependent calibration processing equations and procedures applicable to raw Landsat-5 TM data, and (iii) algorithms for recalibration computations applicable to some of the existing processed datasets in the North American context. The cross-calibration between L...
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Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper outgassing effects
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: Dennis L Helder, E. MicijevicAbstract:A periodic 3% to 5% variation in detector response affecting both image and internal calibrator (IC) data has been observed in bands 5 and 7 of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper. The source for this variation is thought to be an interference effect due to buildup of an ice-like contaminant film on a ZnSe window, covered with an antireflective coating (ARC), of the cooled Dewar containing these detectors. Periodic warming of the dewar is required in order to remove the contaminant and restore detector response to an uncontaminated level. These effects in the IC data have been characterized over four individual outgassing cycles using thin-film models to estimate transmittance of the window/ARC and ARC/contaminant film stack throughout the instrument lifetime. Based on the results obtained from this modeling, a lookup table procedure has been implemented that provides correction factors to improve the calibration accuracy of bands 5 and 7 by approximately 5%.
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Landsat-5 TM reflective-band absolute radiometric calibration
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, Dennis L Helder, Brian L. Markham, E. Micijevic, J.d. Dewald, Edward Kaita, Kurtis J. Thome, T.a. RugglesAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provides the longest running continuous dataset of moderate spatial resolution remote sensing imagery, dating back to its launch in March 1984. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for this imagery used the instrument's response to the Internal Calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset of each detector. Due to observed degradations in the IC, a new procedure was implemented for U.S.-processed data in May 2003. This new calibration procedure is based on a lifetime radiometric calibration model for the instrument's reflective bands (1-5 and 7) and is derived, in part, from the IC response without the related degradation effects and is tied to the cross calibration with the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus. Reflective-band absolute radiometric accuracy of the instrument tends to be on the order of 7% to 10%, based on a variety of calibration methods.
Julia Barsi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Updated Radiometric Calibration for the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Reflective Bands
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008Co-Authors: Dennis L Helder, Julia Barsi, Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Kurt Thome, Rimy MallaAbstract:The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological survey earth resources observation and science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS.
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revised Landsat 5 thematic mapper radiometric calibration
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, Brian L. Markham, Julia BarsiAbstract:Effective April 2, 2007, the radiometric calibration of Landsat-5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) data that are processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) will be updated. The lifetime gain model that was implemented on May 5, 2003, for the reflective bands (1-5, 7) will be replaced by a new lifetime radiometric-calibration curve that is derived from the instrument's response to pseudoinvariant desert sites and from cross calibration with the Landsat-7 (L7) Enhanced TM Plus (ETM+). Although this calibration update applies to all archived and future L5 TM data, the principal improvements in the calibration are for the data acquired during the first eight years of the mission (1984-1991), where the changes in the instrument-gain values are as much as 15%. The radiometric scaling coefficients for bands 1 and 2 for approximately the first eight years of the mission have also been changed. Users will need to apply these new coefficients to convert the calibrated data product digital numbers to radiance. The scaling coefficients for the other bands have not changed.
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Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Thermal Band Calibration Update
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Julia Barsi, John R. Schott, Simon J. Hook, N.g. Raqueno, Brian L. MarkhamAbstract:The Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) has been operational since 1984. For much of its life, the calibration of TM has been neglected, but recent efforts are attempting to monitor stability and absolute calibration. This letter focuses on the calibration of the TM thermal band from 1999 to the present. Initial studies in the first two years of the TM mission showed that the thermal band was calibrated within the error in the calibration process (plusmn 0.9 K at 300 K). The calibration was not rigorously monitored again until 1999. While the internal calibrator has behaved as expected, recent vicarious calibration results show a significant offset error of 0.092 W/m2 ldr sr ldr mum or about 0.68 K at 300 K. This offset error was corrected on April 2, 2007 within the U.S. processing system through the modification of a calibration coefficient for all data acquired on or after April 1, 1999. Users can correct their own Level-1 data processed prior to April 2, 2007, by adding 0.092 W/m2 ldr sr ldr mum to their radiance level products. The state of the calibration between 1985 and 1999 is unknown; no changes for data acquired in those years are being recommended here.
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IGARSS - Radiometric recalibration procedure for Landsat-5 thematic mapper data
2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007Co-Authors: Gyanesh Chander, E. Micijevic, R.w. Hayes, Julia BarsiAbstract:The Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was launched on March 01, 1984, with a design life of three years. Incredibly, the L5 thematic mapper (TM) has collected data for 23 years. Over this time, the detectors have aged, and its radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations have improved the radiometric accuracy of recently processed data; however, users with data that were processed prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing level 1 (L1) products without having to purchase reprocessed data from the U.S. geological survey (USGS). The accuracy of the recalibration is dependent on the knowledge of the prior calibration applied to the data. The "work order" file, included with standard national land archive production system (NLAPS) data products, gives parameters that define the applied calibration. These are the internal calibrator (IC) calibration parameters or the default prelaunch calibration, if there were problems with the IC calibration. This paper details the recalibration procedure for data processed using IC, in which users have the work order file.
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A definitive calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper anchored to the Landsat-7 radiometric scale
Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004Co-Authors: P M Teillet, Julia Barsi, T.a. Ruggles, F.j. Ahern, N.j. Higgs, Gyanesh Chander, Dennis L Helder, R. Landry, Brian L. Markham, John L BarkerAbstract:A coordinated effort on the part of several agencies has led to the specification of a definitive radiometric calibration record for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper (TM) for its lifetime since launch in 1984. The time-dependent calibration record for Landsat-5 TM has been placed on the same radiometric scale as the Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+). It has been implemented in the National Landsat Archive Production Systems (NLAPS) in use in North America. This paper documents the results of this collaborative effort and the specifications for the related calibration processing algorithms. The specifications include (i) anchoring of the Landsat-5 TM calibration record to the Landsat-7 ETM+ absolute radiometric calibration, (ii) new time-dependent calibration processing equations and procedures applicable to raw Landsat-5 TM data, and (iii) algorithms for recalibration computations applicable to some of the existing processed datasets in the North American context. The cross-calibration between L...
Thomas J Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vegetation water content during SMEX04 from ground data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008Co-Authors: M. Tugrul Yilmaz, E. Raymond Hunt, Lyssa D. Goins, Susan L. Ustin, Vern C. Vanderbilt, Thomas J JacksonAbstract:Abstract Vegetation water content is an important parameter for retrieval of soil moisture from microwave data and for other remote sensing applications. Because liquid water absorbs in the shortwave infrared, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII), calculated from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper band 4 (0.76–0.90 μm wavelength) and band 5 (1.55–1.65 μm wavelength), can be used to determine canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT), which is defined as the water volume per leaf area times the leaf area index (LAI). Alternatively, average canopy EWT can be determined using a landcover classification, because different vegetation types have different average LAI at the peak of the growing season. The primary contribution of this study for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 was to sample vegetation for the Arizona and Sonora study areas. Vegetation was sampled to achieve a range of canopy EWT; LAI was measured using a plant canopy analyzer and digital hemispherical (fisheye) photographs. NDII was linearly related to measured canopy EWT with an R 2 of 0.601. Landcover of the Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, study areas were classified with an overall accuracy of 70% using a rule-based decision tree using three dates of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and digital elevation data. There was a large range of NDII per landcover class at the peak of the growing season, indicating that canopy EWT should be estimated directly using NDII or other shortwave-infrared vegetation indices. However, landcover classifications will still be necessary to obtain total vegetation water content from canopy EWT and other data, because considerable liquid water is contained in the non-foliar components of vegetation.
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deriving land surface temperature from Landsat 5 and 7 during smex02 smacex
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas J Jackson, William P Kustas, T J Schmugge, Andrew N French, Michael H Cosh, Rajat BindlishAbstract:A sequence of five high-resolution satellite-based land surface temperature (Ts) images over a watershed area in Iowa were analyzed. As a part of the SMEX02 field experiment, these land surface temperature images were extracted from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) thermal bands. The radiative transfer model MODTRAN 4.1 was used with atmospheric profile data to atmospherically correct the Landsat data. NDVI derived from Landsat visible and near-infrared bands was used to estimate fractional vegetation cover, which in turn was used to estimate emissivity for Landsat thermal bands. The estimated brightness temperature was compared with concurrent tower based measurements. The mean absolute difference (MAD) between the satellite-based brightness temperature estimates and the tower based brightness temperature was 0.98 °C for Landsat 7 and 1.47 °C for Landsat 5, respectively. Based on these images, the land surface temperature spatial variation and its change with scale are addressed. The scaling properties of the surface temperature are important as they have significant implications for changes in land surface flux estimation between higher-resolution Landsat and regional to global sensors such as MODIS.
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Deriving land surface temperature from Landsat 5 and 7 during SMEX02/SMACEX
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas J Jackson, William P Kustas, T J Schmugge, Andrew N French, Michael H Cosh, Rajat BindlishAbstract:A sequence of five high-resolution satellite-based land surface temperature (Ts) images over a watershed area in Iowa were analyzed. As a part of the SMEX02 field experiment, these land surface temperature images were extracted from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) thermal bands. The radiative transfer model MODTRAN 4.1 was used with atmospheric profile data to atmospherically correct the Landsat data. NDVI derived from Landsat visible and near-infrared bands was used to estimate fractional vegetation cover, which in turn was used to estimate emissivity for Landsat thermal bands. The estimated brightness temperature was compared with concurrent tower based measurements. The mean absolute difference (MAD) between the satellite-based brightness temperature estimates and the tower based brightness temperature was 0.98 °C for Landsat 7 and 1.47 °C for Landsat 5, respectively. Based on these images, the land surface temperature spatial variation and its change with scale are addressed. The scaling properties of the surface temperature are important as they have significant implications for changes in land surface flux estimation between higher-resolution Landsat and regional to global sensors such as MODIS.
