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J Kamphues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets.
    Animals, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Simple Summary Today, pigs repeatedly suffer from diarrhoea which requires treatment with antibiotics. Infections with Lawsonia intracellularis are one of the most common diseases, which, although usually subclinical, have a negative impact on performance. The alternative to antibiotic treatment is vaccinations against Lawsonia intracellularis, not least because antibiotic treatments are suspected of promoting the spread of certain zoonotic pathogens. A study was carried out with piglets from a farm that had a problem with Lawsonia intracellularis infections. In half of the animals, antibiotic treatments with tylosin were carried out in piglet rearing. In the other group, the piglets had been vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis as suckling piglets. Individual animals from both groups were subsequently artificially infected with Salmonella as piglets. A total of 72 animals were included in the study, 12 of which were primarily infected. The other animals had the possibility of becoming infected via direct animal contact or the faeces of infected animals. The detection of Salmonella in stool and intestinal lymph nodes was significantly higher in animals previously treated with antibiotics. Treatment with tylosin may significantly increase the spread of the Salmonella infection not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination.

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC Veterinary Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea.

  • Dietary approaches reducing boar taint-Importance of Lawsonia intracellularis colonisation for interpreting results.
    Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2018
    Co-Authors: C Visscher, A Kruse, S Sander, C Keller, J Mischok, R Tabeling, H Henne, R Deitmer, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    In the fattening of male pigs, boar odour is a major problem with regard to the acceptance of the meat by consumers. Skatole can be one cause. Tryptophan from non-digested feed ingredients and intestinal cell debris can be the precursor in skatole formation. Lawsonia intracellularis, one of the most widespread pathogens in swine, promotes the epithelial cell turnover and might favour the tryptophan influx into the hindgut. Therefore, the question arises how far the severity of a Lawsonia intracellularis infection has an effect on results of dietary experiments with specific issues. Fifty finishing boars from a specific pathogen-free farm were randomly allotted to ten boxes in five feeding groups. Natural developing Lawsonia intracellularis colonisation was monitored serologically (twice individually) and molecular biologically (weekly individually). Over 4 weeks, animals were fed either a finely ground pelleted diet (FP), a coarsely ground meal diet (CM), a meal diet either with 22% cracked corn (CORN), 16.9% dried whey (WHEY) or 30% raw potato starch (RPS). Fifty % of animals showing lower differences in serological Lawsonia intracellularis values between the start and the end of the trial were characterised by a higher dry matter content in faeces (256 ± 29.4 vs. 239 ± 23.6 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative caecal samples showed the highest butyrate concentrations (27.2 ± 7.53 mmol/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative faecal samples of group FP showed the highest DM levels in faeces (neg: 290 ± 46.1/pos: 250 ± 52.2 g/kg); negative samples from group RPS had the lowest values (217 ± 24.4 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative faecal samples from the group CM were lower in skatole than positive samples (82.8 ± 32.8 vs. 119 ± 29.3 μg/g DM). RPS group samples without pathogen detection had the lowest skatole concentrations (30.5 ± 36.3 μg/g DM). This study provides first evidence that clinically unremarkable colonisation with intestinal pathogens might influence the results of dietary approaches.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis infections are a common reason for antibiotic treatment in pig production. Experimental studies in animals naturally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis comparing the course of an experimental Salmonella infection in piglets previously treated with tylosin or vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis are scarce. A total of 72 seven-week-old Salmonella-free pigs were taken from a herd with a Lawsonia intracellularis history in piglet rearing. The pigs were divided into two groups with three replicates each. Animals had either been previously treated with tylosin (10 mg/kg body weight) for seven days (AB+VAC−) or had been vaccinated as suckling pigs by drenching (Enterisol®Ileitis; AB−VAC+). Two animals per replicate were primarily infected with Salmonella Derby (1.04 × 108 colony-forming units per animal). The detection of Salmonella in faeces (p < 0.0001, odds ratio: 3.8364) and in the ileocaecal lymph nodes (p = 0.0295, odds ratio: 3.5043) was significantly more frequent in AB+VAC− animals. Overall, the odds ratio for detecting Salmonella in any substrate or organ was significantly higher in the AB+VAC− group animals (p = 0.0004, odds ratio: 5.9091). Treatment with tylosin can significantly increase the spread of a Salmonella infection, which is not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea. Results Digestibility studies were performed on a total of 27 eight-week-old piglets with naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection in a trial with three repetitions. Nine out of 27 animals were vaccinated as suckling pigs with a commercial Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (vac; Enterisol®Ileitis). Half of the remaining 18 animals were without clinical signs of infection (non-vac/cs-), half showed moderate clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea (non-vac/cs+). All three groups were fed one identical complete diet ad libitum. Faecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis was found in all groups (25 out of 27 animals). Numerically, the mean excretion in the group non-vac/cs + (7.69 ± 1.65 log10 copies/ g faeces) was higher in comparison to the group non-vac/cs- (5.83 ± 2.35 log10 copies/ g faeces) and vaccinated animals (vac: 6.00 ± 2.89log10 copies/ g faeces). The average daily weight gain (ADG; Ø 8.66 day period) differed significantly (vac: 894a ± 73.3, non-vac/cs-: 857ab ± 86.3, non-vac/cs+: 785b ± 137 g/day). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen was significantly lower in clinically affected animals (vac: 83.0a ± 1.72, non-vac/cs-: 83.9a ± 2.03, non-vac/cs+: 80.7b ± 2.57).The total length of the small intestine in clinically affected animals increased significantly (vac: 15.9ab ± 1.57, non-vac/cs-: 14.6b ± 1.12, non-vac/cs+: 16.2a ± 1.37 m). The relative body weight depending on the length of the small intestine was lower for clinically affected animals (vac: 1.72a ± 0.21, non-vac/cs-: 1.83a ± 0.17, non-vac/cs+: 1.56b ± 0.12 kg/m). Conclusion These studies show that clinically moderate L. intracellularis infections lead to significantly lower ADGs in comparison to vaccinated animals. The disease is also found in altered intestinal morphometry and reduced total N digestibility if clinical signs occur

Connie J Gebhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Signature is Induced by Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Swine
    2018
    Co-Authors: Richard E. Isaacson, Fabio A Vannucci, Connie J Gebhart, Fernando L. Leite, Juan E. Abrahante, Erika Vasquez, Nathan L. Winkelman, Adam Mueller, Jerry Torrison, Zachary J. Rambo
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis causes porcine proliferative enteropathy. This is an enteric disease characterized by thickening of the wall of the ileum that leads to decreased growth and diarrhea of animals. In this study, we investigated the host response to L. intracellularis infection by performing transcriptomic and pathway analysis of intestinal tissue in groups of infected and non-infected animals at 14, 21 and 28 days post challenge. At the peak of infection, when animals developed most severe lesions, infected animals expressed higher levels of several genes involved in cellular proliferation and inflammation including matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) and Oncostatin M (OSM). Histomorphology also revealed general features of intestinal inflammation. This study identified important pathways associated with the host response in developing and resolving lesions due to L. intracellularis infection.

  • The effects of zinc amino acid complex supplementation on the porcine host response to Lawsonia intracellularis infection
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Fernando L. Leite, Fabio A Vannucci, Connie J Gebhart, Erika Vasquez, Nathan L. Winkelman, Adam Mueller, Jerry Torrison, Zachary J. Rambo, Aaron Rendahl, Richard E. Isaacson
    Abstract:

    Abstract Lawsonia intracellularis is among the most important enteric pathogens of swine and antibiotic alternatives are needed to help mitigate the negative effects of infection. Zinc is an essential trace mineral known to be crucial for maintaining intestinal barrier function and proper immune response. In this study, we investigated the porcine host response to L. intracellularis infection when supplemented with a zinc-amino acid complex, a form of zinc that can lead to greater bioavailability when compared to traditional inorganic forms of zinc. Our results show that a zinc-amino acid complex supplementation with a final concentration of 125 ppm of zinc in feed significantly (p 

  • Draft Genome Sequence of Lawsonia intracellularis Strain E40504, Isolated from a Horse Diagnosed with Equine Proliferative Enteropathy.
    Genome Announcements, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nandita S. Mirajkar, Molly R. Kelley, Connie J Gebhart
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Reported herein is the draft genome sequence of equine-origin Lawsonia intracellularis strain E40504, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of equine proliferative enteropathy. The 1.69-Mb draft genome sequence includes 1,380 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes, and it lacks a genomic island reported in swine-origin L. intracellularis strain PHE/MN1-00.

  • Lawsonia intracellularis in Pigs: Progression of Lesions and Involvement of Apoptosis.
    Veterinary Pathology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes, Mariana Machuca, María Alejandra Quiroga, Carlos Eduardo Real Pereira, Talita P. Resende, Connie J Gebhart
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to follow the progression of gross and histologic lesions and apoptosis events in Lawsonia intracellularis-infected enterocytes through the course of the disease, prol...

  • An Alternative Method for Cultivation of Lawsonia intracellularis
    2016
    Co-Authors: Fabio A Vannucci, Suphot Wattanaphansak, Connie J Gebhart
    Abstract:

    An alternative method for the cultivation of Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy, was developed using an Original Space Bag inflated with a mixture of gas containing 10 % hydrogen, 10 % carbon dioxide, and 80 % nitrogen. The flexibility of this protocol allows the testing of various environmental conditions for static cultivation of this bacterium and the development of diagnostic techniques. Lawsonia intracellularis is a fastidious and obligate intracellular bac-terium and the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy, or ileitis. The disease has been observed in a variety of animal species, including nonhuman primates, but its occurrence in hamsters, pigs, and horses has been best described (2). Dividing cells in culture and strict environmental conditions are required for isolation and culti-vation of L. intracellularis in vitro (6). The conventional method for isolation and cultivation of this bacterium in monolayers is well es-tablished and uses various methods of supplying hydrogen for infec-tion followed by incubation in a tri-gas incubator with 83.2 % nitro-gen, 8.8 % carbon dioxide, and 8 % oxygen at 37°C (3, 8). The cost of these requirements has limited the maintenance of this microorgan

Christian Visscher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets.
    Animals, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Simple Summary Today, pigs repeatedly suffer from diarrhoea which requires treatment with antibiotics. Infections with Lawsonia intracellularis are one of the most common diseases, which, although usually subclinical, have a negative impact on performance. The alternative to antibiotic treatment is vaccinations against Lawsonia intracellularis, not least because antibiotic treatments are suspected of promoting the spread of certain zoonotic pathogens. A study was carried out with piglets from a farm that had a problem with Lawsonia intracellularis infections. In half of the animals, antibiotic treatments with tylosin were carried out in piglet rearing. In the other group, the piglets had been vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis as suckling piglets. Individual animals from both groups were subsequently artificially infected with Salmonella as piglets. A total of 72 animals were included in the study, 12 of which were primarily infected. The other animals had the possibility of becoming infected via direct animal contact or the faeces of infected animals. The detection of Salmonella in stool and intestinal lymph nodes was significantly higher in animals previously treated with antibiotics. Treatment with tylosin may significantly increase the spread of the Salmonella infection not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination.

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC Veterinary Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis infections are a common reason for antibiotic treatment in pig production. Experimental studies in animals naturally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis comparing the course of an experimental Salmonella infection in piglets previously treated with tylosin or vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis are scarce. A total of 72 seven-week-old Salmonella-free pigs were taken from a herd with a Lawsonia intracellularis history in piglet rearing. The pigs were divided into two groups with three replicates each. Animals had either been previously treated with tylosin (10 mg/kg body weight) for seven days (AB+VAC−) or had been vaccinated as suckling pigs by drenching (Enterisol®Ileitis; AB−VAC+). Two animals per replicate were primarily infected with Salmonella Derby (1.04 × 108 colony-forming units per animal). The detection of Salmonella in faeces (p < 0.0001, odds ratio: 3.8364) and in the ileocaecal lymph nodes (p = 0.0295, odds ratio: 3.5043) was significantly more frequent in AB+VAC− animals. Overall, the odds ratio for detecting Salmonella in any substrate or organ was significantly higher in the AB+VAC− group animals (p = 0.0004, odds ratio: 5.9091). Treatment with tylosin can significantly increase the spread of a Salmonella infection, which is not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea. Results Digestibility studies were performed on a total of 27 eight-week-old piglets with naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection in a trial with three repetitions. Nine out of 27 animals were vaccinated as suckling pigs with a commercial Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (vac; Enterisol®Ileitis). Half of the remaining 18 animals were without clinical signs of infection (non-vac/cs-), half showed moderate clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea (non-vac/cs+). All three groups were fed one identical complete diet ad libitum. Faecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis was found in all groups (25 out of 27 animals). Numerically, the mean excretion in the group non-vac/cs + (7.69 ± 1.65 log10 copies/ g faeces) was higher in comparison to the group non-vac/cs- (5.83 ± 2.35 log10 copies/ g faeces) and vaccinated animals (vac: 6.00 ± 2.89log10 copies/ g faeces). The average daily weight gain (ADG; Ø 8.66 day period) differed significantly (vac: 894a ± 73.3, non-vac/cs-: 857ab ± 86.3, non-vac/cs+: 785b ± 137 g/day). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen was significantly lower in clinically affected animals (vac: 83.0a ± 1.72, non-vac/cs-: 83.9a ± 2.03, non-vac/cs+: 80.7b ± 2.57).The total length of the small intestine in clinically affected animals increased significantly (vac: 15.9ab ± 1.57, non-vac/cs-: 14.6b ± 1.12, non-vac/cs+: 16.2a ± 1.37 m). The relative body weight depending on the length of the small intestine was lower for clinically affected animals (vac: 1.72a ± 0.21, non-vac/cs-: 1.83a ± 0.17, non-vac/cs+: 1.56b ± 0.12 kg/m). Conclusion These studies show that clinically moderate L. intracellularis infections lead to significantly lower ADGs in comparison to vaccinated animals. The disease is also found in altered intestinal morphometry and reduced total N digestibility if clinical signs occur

Jung Yong Yeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • DETECTION OF Lawsonia intracellularis DNA IN ILEAL TISSUES OF DEAD WILD BIRDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
    Slovenian Veterinary Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jung Yong Yeh, Jeong Min Hwang, Jae Geun Kim
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis is an etiological agent that causes proliferative enteropathy in various species. Little is known about the mechanisms of transmission of L. intracellularis , especially in wild bird species. The presence of L. intracellularis in dead wild birds in the Republic of Korea was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction method.  L. intracellularis DNA was identified in the mucous membrane of the ileum in one Eurasian eagle-owl ( Bubo bubo , Strigidae), two black-billed magpies ( Pica pica sericea , Corvidae), and one jungle crow ( Corvus macrorhynchos , Corvidae) among 745 dead wild birds examined. Although few wild birds in this study were exposed to L. intracellularis , the exposure was likely to be epidemiologically relevant.  Regarding the ecological behavior of the bird species found to be exposed to L. intracellularis in the current study (Eurasian eagle-owl, black-billed magpie, and jungle crow), swine or horse farm facilities, which are reservoirs for L. intracellularis , might be easily accessed by such wild birds. Thus, these and similar species could have increased chances of exposure to L. intracellularis and could serve as biological vectors of proliferative enteropathy. Wild bird feeding patterns and previous reports of wild and feral animals exposed to L. intracellularis could be an alternative explanation for the association between L. intracellularis and wild birds. Key words: Lawsonia intracellularis ; gene; diagnosis; surveillance; infectious disease; PCR DOLOCANJE DNK BAKTERIJE Lawsonie intracellularis V TKIVU VITEGA CREVESA MRTVIH PTIC V REPUBLIKI KOREJI Vrsta bakterije Lawsonia intracellularis je vzrok proliferativne enteropatije pri razlicnih vrstah živali. O mehanizmih prenosa L. intracellularis , se zlasti pri divjih pticjih vrstah, je na voljo malo podatkov.  Prisotnost L. intracellularis pri mrtvih prosto živecih pticah v Republiki Koreji je bila raziskana z metodo verižne reakcije s polimerazo (PCR). DNK L. intracellularis smo dokazali v sluznici vitega crevesja pri veliki uharici  ( Bubo bubo , Strigidae), dveh korejskih srakah ( Pica pica sericea , Corvidae) in eni velekljuni vrani ( Corvus macrorhynchos , Corvidae) izmed 745 preiskanih mrtvih divjih ptic. Ceprav je bilo v tej studiji le nekaj prosto živecih ptic izpostavljenih L. intracellularis, kaže, da je izpostavljenost epidemiolosko pomembna. V povezavi z obicajnim obnasanjem razlicnih vrst ptic je verjetno možno domnevati, da so vrste izpostavljene L. intracellularis (velika uharica, korejska sraka in velekljuna vrana) na razlicnih farmah zlahka dostopale do prasicev ali konj, ki pa so znani rezervoarji za L. intracellularis . Tako je verjetno, da imajo te in podobne vrste visoko možnost izpostavitvi L. intracellularis in bi lahko služile kot bioloski vektorji za proliferativno enteropatijo. Drugo možnost izpostavitve teh ptic L. intracellularis pa so lahko nacini prehranjevanja divjih ptic in njihovi stiki z divjimi živalmi, okuženimi z L. intracellularis. Kljucne besede: Lawsonia intracellularis ; geni; diagnoza; nadzor; nalezljiva bolezen; PCR

  • Additional file 1: Appendix 1. of Lawsonia intracellularis in the feces of wild rodents and stray cats captured around equine farms
    2017
    Co-Authors: Jeong Min Hwang, Myung-ji Seo, Jung Yong Yeh
    Abstract:

    Oligonucleotide primers and probe used for the real-time PCR detection of Lawsonia intracellularis in the fecal samples used in this study. Appendix 2.The total percentages of wild and feral animals shedding Lawsonia intracellularis and the percent shedding at high (more than 1 × 107), medium (105–107) or low (103–105) numbers of L. intracellularis/g of feces or with undetectable numbers in each horse farm. (DOC 100 kb

  • Generation of a monoclonal antibody against mycoplasma spp. following accidental contamination during production of a monoclonal antibody against Lawsonia intracellularis
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jeong Min Hwang, Ji-hye Lee, Jung Yong Yeh
    Abstract:

    This report describes Mycoplasma contamination of Lawsonia intracellularis cultures that led to the unintended acquisition of a monoclonal antibody against Mycoplasma spp. during the attempted generation of a monoclonal antibody against L. intracellularis .

  • A multi-laboratory profile of Mycoplasma contamination in Lawsonia intracellularis cultures
    BMC Research Notes, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jeong Min Hwang, Ji-hye Lee, Jung Yong Yeh
    Abstract:

    Background During the routine laboratory cultivation of Lawsonia intracellularis, Mycoplasma contamination has been a frequent problem. When Mycoplasma contamination occurs in laboratories that study L. intracellularis, the cultures must be discarded for 4 reasons: 1) Mycoplasma is inevitably concentrated along with L. intracellularis during the passage of L. intracellularis; 2) Mycoplasma inhibits the growth of L. intracellularis; and 3) it is impossible to selectively eliminate Mycoplasma in L. intracellularis cultures. In this study, we observed the contamination of Mycoplasma species during L. intracellularis cultivation among multiple laboratories.

  • Isolation of Lawsonia intracellularis in Korea and reproduction of proliferative enteropathy in pigs and hamsters
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jung Yong Yeh, Tae-jong Kim, Seung-yong Park, Chang-seon Song, Yong-dhuk Yoon, Soo-ki Kim, Joong-bok Lee, In-soo Choi
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) was isolated from a Korean pig suffering acute proliferative enteropathy. In vitro culture conditions of L. intracellularis were established in McCoy cells. Pigs and hamsters experimentally infected with the pure culture of L. intracellularis reproduced clinical signs and intestinal lesions of proliferative enteropathy. The presence of L. intracellularis in the intestinal lesions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with L. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibodies.

J Mischok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets.
    Animals, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Simple Summary Today, pigs repeatedly suffer from diarrhoea which requires treatment with antibiotics. Infections with Lawsonia intracellularis are one of the most common diseases, which, although usually subclinical, have a negative impact on performance. The alternative to antibiotic treatment is vaccinations against Lawsonia intracellularis, not least because antibiotic treatments are suspected of promoting the spread of certain zoonotic pathogens. A study was carried out with piglets from a farm that had a problem with Lawsonia intracellularis infections. In half of the animals, antibiotic treatments with tylosin were carried out in piglet rearing. In the other group, the piglets had been vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis as suckling piglets. Individual animals from both groups were subsequently artificially infected with Salmonella as piglets. A total of 72 animals were included in the study, 12 of which were primarily infected. The other animals had the possibility of becoming infected via direct animal contact or the faeces of infected animals. The detection of Salmonella in stool and intestinal lymph nodes was significantly higher in animals previously treated with antibiotics. Treatment with tylosin may significantly increase the spread of the Salmonella infection not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination.

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC Veterinary Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea.

  • Dietary approaches reducing boar taint-Importance of Lawsonia intracellularis colonisation for interpreting results.
    Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2018
    Co-Authors: C Visscher, A Kruse, S Sander, C Keller, J Mischok, R Tabeling, H Henne, R Deitmer, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    In the fattening of male pigs, boar odour is a major problem with regard to the acceptance of the meat by consumers. Skatole can be one cause. Tryptophan from non-digested feed ingredients and intestinal cell debris can be the precursor in skatole formation. Lawsonia intracellularis, one of the most widespread pathogens in swine, promotes the epithelial cell turnover and might favour the tryptophan influx into the hindgut. Therefore, the question arises how far the severity of a Lawsonia intracellularis infection has an effect on results of dietary experiments with specific issues. Fifty finishing boars from a specific pathogen-free farm were randomly allotted to ten boxes in five feeding groups. Natural developing Lawsonia intracellularis colonisation was monitored serologically (twice individually) and molecular biologically (weekly individually). Over 4 weeks, animals were fed either a finely ground pelleted diet (FP), a coarsely ground meal diet (CM), a meal diet either with 22% cracked corn (CORN), 16.9% dried whey (WHEY) or 30% raw potato starch (RPS). Fifty % of animals showing lower differences in serological Lawsonia intracellularis values between the start and the end of the trial were characterised by a higher dry matter content in faeces (256 ± 29.4 vs. 239 ± 23.6 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative caecal samples showed the highest butyrate concentrations (27.2 ± 7.53 mmol/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative faecal samples of group FP showed the highest DM levels in faeces (neg: 290 ± 46.1/pos: 250 ± 52.2 g/kg); negative samples from group RPS had the lowest values (217 ± 24.4 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis-negative faecal samples from the group CM were lower in skatole than positive samples (82.8 ± 32.8 vs. 119 ± 29.3 μg/g DM). RPS group samples without pathogen detection had the lowest skatole concentrations (30.5 ± 36.3 μg/g DM). This study provides first evidence that clinically unremarkable colonisation with intestinal pathogens might influence the results of dietary approaches.

  • Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets
    MDPI AG, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Lawsonia intracellularis infections are a common reason for antibiotic treatment in pig production. Experimental studies in animals naturally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis comparing the course of an experimental Salmonella infection in piglets previously treated with tylosin or vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis are scarce. A total of 72 seven-week-old Salmonella-free pigs were taken from a herd with a Lawsonia intracellularis history in piglet rearing. The pigs were divided into two groups with three replicates each. Animals had either been previously treated with tylosin (10 mg/kg body weight) for seven days (AB+VAC−) or had been vaccinated as suckling pigs by drenching (Enterisol®Ileitis; AB−VAC+). Two animals per replicate were primarily infected with Salmonella Derby (1.04 × 108 colony-forming units per animal). The detection of Salmonella in faeces (p < 0.0001, odds ratio: 3.8364) and in the ileocaecal lymph nodes (p = 0.0295, odds ratio: 3.5043) was significantly more frequent in AB+VAC− animals. Overall, the odds ratio for detecting Salmonella in any substrate or organ was significantly higher in the AB+VAC− group animals (p = 0.0004, odds ratio: 5.9091). Treatment with tylosin can significantly increase the spread of a Salmonella infection, which is not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination

  • Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christian Visscher, J Mischok, Saara Sander, Eva-ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Marion Schmicke, Karl Rohn, J Kamphues
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea. Results Digestibility studies were performed on a total of 27 eight-week-old piglets with naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection in a trial with three repetitions. Nine out of 27 animals were vaccinated as suckling pigs with a commercial Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (vac; Enterisol®Ileitis). Half of the remaining 18 animals were without clinical signs of infection (non-vac/cs-), half showed moderate clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea (non-vac/cs+). All three groups were fed one identical complete diet ad libitum. Faecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis was found in all groups (25 out of 27 animals). Numerically, the mean excretion in the group non-vac/cs + (7.69 ± 1.65 log10 copies/ g faeces) was higher in comparison to the group non-vac/cs- (5.83 ± 2.35 log10 copies/ g faeces) and vaccinated animals (vac: 6.00 ± 2.89log10 copies/ g faeces). The average daily weight gain (ADG; Ø 8.66 day period) differed significantly (vac: 894a ± 73.3, non-vac/cs-: 857ab ± 86.3, non-vac/cs+: 785b ± 137 g/day). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen was significantly lower in clinically affected animals (vac: 83.0a ± 1.72, non-vac/cs-: 83.9a ± 2.03, non-vac/cs+: 80.7b ± 2.57).The total length of the small intestine in clinically affected animals increased significantly (vac: 15.9ab ± 1.57, non-vac/cs-: 14.6b ± 1.12, non-vac/cs+: 16.2a ± 1.37 m). The relative body weight depending on the length of the small intestine was lower for clinically affected animals (vac: 1.72a ± 0.21, non-vac/cs-: 1.83a ± 0.17, non-vac/cs+: 1.56b ± 0.12 kg/m). Conclusion These studies show that clinically moderate L. intracellularis infections lead to significantly lower ADGs in comparison to vaccinated animals. The disease is also found in altered intestinal morphometry and reduced total N digestibility if clinical signs occur