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José A. Donázar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet-disease interactions
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Ainara Cortés-avizanda, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus, Griffon, Gyps fulvus, and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n = 16; griffon: 61%, n = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n = 13; Griffon: 7%, n = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species. Keywords: Avian scavengers, Carcasses, Farming, Oral disease, Pharmaceuticals, Supplementary feedin

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet disease interactions
    Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, Ainara Cortesavizanda, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus , Griffon, Gyps fulvus , and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus ), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n  = 16; griffon: 61%, n  = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n  = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n  = 13; Griffon: 7%, n  = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n  = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species.

  • geographical variation in cloacal microflora and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a threatened avian scavenger in relation to diet and Livestock Farming practices
    Environmental Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, José A. Donázar, Jesus A Lemus, Javier Grande, Laura Gangoso, Juan Manuel Grande, Bernardo Arroyo, Fernando Hiraldo
    Abstract:

    Summary The impact on wildlife health of the increase in the use of antimicrobial agents with the intensification of Livestock production remains unknown. The composition, richness and prevalence of cloacal microflora as well as bacterial resistance to antibiotics in nestlings and full-grown Egyptian vultures Neophron percnopterus were assessed in four areas of Spain in which the degree of Farming intensification differs. Differences in diet composition, especially the role of stabled Livestock carrion, appear to govern the similarities of bacterial flora composition among continental populations, while the insular vulture population (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands) showed differences attributed to isolation. Evidence of a positive relationship between the consumption of stabled Livestock carrion and bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics was found. Bacterial resistance was high for semisynthetic penicillins and enrofloxacin, especially in the area with the most intensive stabled Livestock production. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was similar for the different bacterial species within each area. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics may be determined by resistance of bacteria present in the Livestock meat remains that constituted the food of this species, as indicated by the fact that resistance to each antibiotic was correlated in Escherichia coli isolated from swine carrion and Egyptian vulture nestlings. In addition, resistance in normal faecal bacteria (present in the microflora of both Livestock and vultures) was higher than in Staphylococcus epidermidis, a species indicator of the transient flora acquired presumably through the consumption of wild rabbits. Potential negative effects of the use of antimicrobials in Livestock Farming included the direct ingestion of these drug residues and the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance on the health of scavengers.

Guillermo Blanco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet-disease interactions
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Ainara Cortés-avizanda, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus, Griffon, Gyps fulvus, and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n = 16; griffon: 61%, n = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n = 13; Griffon: 7%, n = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species. Keywords: Avian scavengers, Carcasses, Farming, Oral disease, Pharmaceuticals, Supplementary feedin

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet disease interactions
    Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, Ainara Cortesavizanda, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus , Griffon, Gyps fulvus , and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus ), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n  = 16; griffon: 61%, n  = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n  = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n  = 13; Griffon: 7%, n  = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n  = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species.

  • geographical variation in cloacal microflora and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a threatened avian scavenger in relation to diet and Livestock Farming practices
    Environmental Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, José A. Donázar, Jesus A Lemus, Javier Grande, Laura Gangoso, Juan Manuel Grande, Bernardo Arroyo, Fernando Hiraldo
    Abstract:

    Summary The impact on wildlife health of the increase in the use of antimicrobial agents with the intensification of Livestock production remains unknown. The composition, richness and prevalence of cloacal microflora as well as bacterial resistance to antibiotics in nestlings and full-grown Egyptian vultures Neophron percnopterus were assessed in four areas of Spain in which the degree of Farming intensification differs. Differences in diet composition, especially the role of stabled Livestock carrion, appear to govern the similarities of bacterial flora composition among continental populations, while the insular vulture population (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands) showed differences attributed to isolation. Evidence of a positive relationship between the consumption of stabled Livestock carrion and bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics was found. Bacterial resistance was high for semisynthetic penicillins and enrofloxacin, especially in the area with the most intensive stabled Livestock production. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was similar for the different bacterial species within each area. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics may be determined by resistance of bacteria present in the Livestock meat remains that constituted the food of this species, as indicated by the fact that resistance to each antibiotic was correlated in Escherichia coli isolated from swine carrion and Egyptian vulture nestlings. In addition, resistance in normal faecal bacteria (present in the microflora of both Livestock and vultures) was higher than in Staphylococcus epidermidis, a species indicator of the transient flora acquired presumably through the consumption of wild rabbits. Potential negative effects of the use of antimicrobials in Livestock Farming included the direct ingestion of these drug residues and the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance on the health of scavengers.

Óscar Frías - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet-disease interactions
    Elsevier, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Ainara Cortés-avizanda, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus, Griffon, Gyps fulvus, and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n = 16; griffon: 61%, n = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n = 13; Griffon: 7%, n = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species. Keywords: Avian scavengers, Carcasses, Farming, Oral disease, Pharmaceuticals, Supplementary feedin

  • Livestock Farming practices modulate vulture diet disease interactions
    Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, Eneko Arrondo, Ainara Cortesavizanda, José A. Donázar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Low- and high-intensity Farming exert different direct and indirect effects on vulture populations by driving the availability, exploitation and characteristics of carrion. This is especially true for the levels of pharmaceuticals in wild and domestic animal carcasses. However, the impact of Farming systems on the diet-related health of avian scavengers remains unclear. Here, we evaluate diet and disease signs in nestlings of three European species of vultures (Cinereous, Aegypius monachus , Griffon, Gyps fulvus , and Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus ), living in different regions of Spain under contrasting Farming schemes. We test the hypothesis that disease (oral mucosal lesions caused by mixed fungal and bacterial infections) in vultures is influenced by features of food and foraging conditions derived from Farming systems, especially due to the expected chronic and irregular ingestion of pharmaceuticals under intensive (factory farms) compared to extensive systems. A large proportion of nestlings of the three vulture species in central Spain (high-intensity Farming area) continue to be affected by oral lesions (cinereous: 75%, n  = 16; griffon: 61%, n  = 28; Egyptian: 46%, n  = 13). The same type of lesions, at a much lower frequency, was found in nestling of the three vulture species in each of the selected areas corresponding to low-intensity Farming areas in southern and northern Spain (Cinereous: 39%, n  = 13; Griffon: 7%, n  = 14; Egyptian: 6%, n  = 17). As predicted, a positive relationship was found between the proportion of nestlings with lesions and the frequency of intensive Livestock from factory farms (swine and poultry) in the diet. The intensive medication in factory farms deserves further research to assess its implications in vulture diet-disease interactions at large geographical scales. Assessing the presence of oral lesions as an indicator of physiological alterations is encouraged along with pharmacovigilance in surveillance programs aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of Livestock Farming practices on vulture health. Given the increasing exploitation of domestic instead of wild animals by vultures, the growth in high-intensity Farming and the medication practices in free-ranging and semi-extensive Farming systems, this assessment would help to characterize the risks associated with different Farming operations for wildlife. This evaluation is crucial to avoid exacerbating the detrimental consequences of supplementary feeding programs contrary to their primary aim of the conservation of endangered species.

  • geographical variation in cloacal microflora and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a threatened avian scavenger in relation to diet and Livestock Farming practices
    Environmental Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Guillermo Blanco, Óscar Frías, José A. Donázar, Jesus A Lemus, Javier Grande, Laura Gangoso, Juan Manuel Grande, Bernardo Arroyo, Fernando Hiraldo
    Abstract:

    Summary The impact on wildlife health of the increase in the use of antimicrobial agents with the intensification of Livestock production remains unknown. The composition, richness and prevalence of cloacal microflora as well as bacterial resistance to antibiotics in nestlings and full-grown Egyptian vultures Neophron percnopterus were assessed in four areas of Spain in which the degree of Farming intensification differs. Differences in diet composition, especially the role of stabled Livestock carrion, appear to govern the similarities of bacterial flora composition among continental populations, while the insular vulture population (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands) showed differences attributed to isolation. Evidence of a positive relationship between the consumption of stabled Livestock carrion and bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics was found. Bacterial resistance was high for semisynthetic penicillins and enrofloxacin, especially in the area with the most intensive stabled Livestock production. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was similar for the different bacterial species within each area. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics may be determined by resistance of bacteria present in the Livestock meat remains that constituted the food of this species, as indicated by the fact that resistance to each antibiotic was correlated in Escherichia coli isolated from swine carrion and Egyptian vulture nestlings. In addition, resistance in normal faecal bacteria (present in the microflora of both Livestock and vultures) was higher than in Staphylococcus epidermidis, a species indicator of the transient flora acquired presumably through the consumption of wild rabbits. Potential negative effects of the use of antimicrobials in Livestock Farming included the direct ingestion of these drug residues and the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance on the health of scavengers.

Barbara Gworek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the recovery of water from slurry produced in high density Livestock Farming with the use of membrane processes
    Separation and Purification Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: K Konieczny, Anna Kwiecinska, Barbara Gworek
    Abstract:

    Abstract Huge amount of slurry produced in high-density Livestock Farming needs proper management and utilization methods. The integrated system of centrifugation/two-step ultrafiltration/nanofiltration was used to recover water from pig slurry. PVDF UF (100 and 50 kDa), PES UF (10 and 5 kDa) and composite hydrophilic NF membranes (0.2 kDa) were used. System efficiency was validated according to final product quality and membranes capacity. The influence of membrane fouling on their performance and properties was also investigated. The study showed that among all discussed system configurations centrifugation–UF50–UF5–NF0.2 was the most effective. Thirty-three percentage of initial crude slurry volume was obtained as the final permeate. Strong influence of membranes fouling on system capacity was observed for UF, while for NF it had an impact on membranes properties. The finally obtained product was suitable to be reused as a sanitary safe industrial water e.g. for washing of animals and farmhouses.

A Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review of water quality concerns in Livestock Farming areas.
    The Science of the total environment, 2000
    Co-Authors: P S Hooda, A C Edwards, H A Anderson, A Miller
    Abstract:

    Post-war changes in Farming systems and especially the move from mixed arable-Livestock Farming towards greater specialisation, together with the general intensification of food production have had adverse affects on the environment. Livestock systems have largely become separated into pasture-based (cattle and sheep) and indoor systems (pigs and poultry). This paper reviews water quality issues in Livestock Farming areas of the UK. The increased losses of nutrients, farm effluents (particularly Livestock wastes), pesticides such as sheep-dipping chemicals, bacterial and protozoan contamination of soil and water are some of the main concerns regarding water quality degradation. There has been a general uncoupling of nutrient cycles, and problems relating to nutrient loss are either short-term direct losses or long-term, related to accumulated nutrient surpluses. Results from several field studies indicate that a rational use of manure and mineral fertilisers can help reduce the pollution problems arising from Livestock Farming practices. Several best management practices are suggested for the control of nutrient loss and minimising release of pathogen and sheep-dip chemicals into agricultural runoff.