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Tadeusz Aniszewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perennial stability of total quinolizidine alkaloid content in alkaloid poor washington lupin Lupinus polyphylluslindl
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1998Co-Authors: Tadeusz AniszewskiAbstract:Total content of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in shoots, leaves and seeds of alkaloid-poor Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl) grown in Finland was studied from 1992 to 1994. The results show that during these years the amount of alkaloids in shoots decreased from 202 to 101 mg kg -1 DM. The reduction of QA in seeds was observed as follows: in multicoloured seeds (from 349 to 285 mg kg -1 ) and in grey seeds (from 218 to 165 mg kg -1 ) as well as in figured seeds (from 372 to 331 mg kg -1 DM). No reduction of QA in black seeds (change from 249 to 248 mg kg -1 ) was observed. Total content of QA in leaves averaged 296 mg kg -1 DM. In comparison with the total content of QA of the same plant material grown at the same location in the years 1988-1991, a successive decrease in QA content was observed in shoots and seeds of alkaloid-poor WL. Leaves of unbred lupin also showed a discrete decrease in total QA content. In leaves of alkaloid-poor WL no change in alkaloid level was found. In seeds of unbred WL an increase in QA content was observed. The present data do not confirm the hypothesis that total content of QA in leaves, shoots and seeds of bred (alkaloid-poor) WL increases from year to year.
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nutritive quality of the alkaloid poor washington lupin Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var sf ta as a potential protein crop
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1993Co-Authors: Tadeusz AniszewskiAbstract:Abstract: An alkaloid-poor line of Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl var SF/TA) was developed in an experiment started in 1982. The nutritive quality (alkaloid content, protein and amino acids, fat and fatty acids. macro- and micronutrients, fibre, sugars) yields, and seed quality of this line were studied. The results show that the total alkaloid content was low and varied in different seeds from 226 μg g−1 to 366 μg g−1 of dry matter. The main alkaloid was lupanine, but 16 other alkaloids (including sparteine and gramine) were also present. The var SF/TA cannot yet be used for human nutrition without processing although it would be a valuable protein crop. The results confirm that seeds which look different also vary in chemical composition.
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the alkaloid rich and alkaloid poor washington lupine Lupinus polyphyllus lindl as a potential industrial crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 1992Co-Authors: Tadeusz AniszewskiAbstract:Abstract By means of hybridization it is possible to decrease noticeably the alkaloid level of the Washington lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.). During plant breeding experimentation over the period 1982–1990, an alkaloid-poor line of Washington lupin was obtained. The characteristics of the yield components of both alkaloid-poor and alkaloid-rich lupins are compared in this study. The cultivation of both forms of Washington lupine is possible and their harvests can be used as raw material for various industries. It is possible to use this crop in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed and chemical industries. Economically it is very important that the Washington lupine be used totally in industrial processing.
A Giorgi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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caratteri floristico vegetazionali ed ecologici di una comunita vegetale con Lupinus polyphyllus lindl in un area della val di scalve interessata da interventi di ingegneria naturalistica
Natura bresciana: annuario del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Brescia, 2015Co-Authors: L Giupponi, C Andreis, A GiorgiAbstract:italianoViene segnalata la presenza di Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. (specie aliena) in unarea della Val di Scalve (Comune di Azzone, BG) in cui sono state realizzate opere di ingegneria naturalistica e vengono riportati i caratteri floristico-vegetazionali ed ecologici della comunita vegetale di cui e parte EnglishFloristic-vegetational and ecological characteristics of a Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. plant community of an area located in Val di Scalve subjected to soil bioengineering works. Occurrence of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. (alien species) in an area of Val di Scalve (Azzone, BG) interested by soil bioengineering works is reported. The floristic-vegetational and ecological characteristics of the plant community of the species occurrence are reported
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Caratteri floristico-vegetazionali ed ecologici di una comunità vegetale con Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. in un'area della Val di Scalve interessata da interventi di ingegneria naturalistica
Museo civico di storia naturale, 2015Co-Authors: L Giupponi, C Andreis, A GiorgiAbstract:Floristic-vegetational and ecological characteristics of a Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. plant community of an area located in Val di Scalve subjected to soil bioengineering works. occurrence of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. (alien species) in an area of Val di Scalve (Azzone, BG) interested by soil bioengineering works is reported. The floristic-vegetational and ecological characteristics of the plant community of the species occurrence are reported
M Wachendorf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment of bioenergy production from mountainous grasslands invaded by lupine Lupinus polyphyllus lindl
Journal of Environmental Management, 2020Co-Authors: Ben Joseph, Frank Hensgen, M WachendorfAbstract:Abstract Mountainous grasslands are typically important habitats both for fauna and flora but increasingly suffer from invasions by neophytes (i.e. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) in most German low mountain areas, which eventually threatens species richness. Regular defoliation is required to eliminate the invasion, however, at present options to handle the harvested biomass are limited. Integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) and anaerobic digestion (AD) are two possible options to utilise the biomass and convert it into energy. There is substantial environmental impact associated with the energy and resource usage during conversion of the biomass into fuel and during usage of fuels and co-products obtained. This study examines IFBB and AD to identify the best option in terms of environmental impacts and primary energy usage, also looking at alternatives for process parameters along the life cycle that would reduce environmental impacts. It was found that IFBB was a better option compared to AD, as it had higher environmental and primary energy savings across all grassland sites. Higher energy conversion efficiency of IFBB resulted in higher greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy savings, even though the energy usage for the processing steps were higher compared to AD. Biomass yield was positively related to the savings, providing better GHG and energy savings for grasslands containing invasive species. There were no savings in terms of acidification (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP) for both IFBB and AD, however AP and EP was lower using IFBB compared to AD. Hence, biomass originating from mountainous grasslands with lupine invasion could be effectively utilised with IFBB, as this option had lower environmental impacts and higher energy savings compared to AD. Biomass from non-invaded grasslands could also be converted effectively using IFBB, hence IFBB could be used to utilise the harvested biomass in the situation where the invasion is eliminated.
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mapping invasive Lupinus polyphyllus lindl in semi natural grasslands using object based image analysis of uav borne images
PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science, 2020Co-Authors: Jayan Wijesingha, Thomas Astor, Damian Schulzebruninghoff, M WachendorfAbstract:Knowledge on the spatio-temporal distribution of invasive plant species is vital to maintain biodiversity in grasslands which are threatened by the invasion of such plants and to evaluate the effect of control activities conducted. Manual digitising of aerial images with field verification is the standard method to create maps of the invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. (Lupine) in semi-natural grasslands of the UNESCO biosphere reserve “Rhon”. As the standard method is labour-intensive, a workflow was developed to map lupine coverage using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne remote sensing (RS) along with object-based image analysis (OBIA). UAV-borne red, green, blue and thermal imaging, as well as photogrammetric canopy height modelling (CHM) were applied. Images were segmented by unsupervised parameter optimisation into image objects representing lupine plants and grass vegetation. Image objects obtained were classified using random forest classification modelling based on objects’ attributes. The classification model was employed to create lupine distribution maps of test areas, and predicted data were compared with manually digitised lupine coverage maps. The classification models yielded a mean prediction accuracy of 89%. The maximum difference in lupine area between classified and digitised lupine maps was 5%. Moreover, the pixel-wise map comparison showed that 88% of all pixels matched between classified and digitised maps. Our results indicated that lupine coverage mapping using UAV-borne RS data and OBIA provides similar results as the standard manual digitising method and, thus, offers a valuable tool to map invasive lupine on grasslands.
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the effect of the invasive plant species Lupinus polyphyllus lindl on energy recovery parameters of semi natural grassland biomass
Sustainability, 2016Co-Authors: Frank Hensgen, M WachendorfAbstract:Biodiversity of semi-natural grasslands is increasingly endangered by successful invasive plant species such as the legume Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. In order to contain the propagation of this plant species, early and regular harvesting needs to be applied. Therefore, a form of utilization for the harvested biomass has to be developed. One opportunity could be the use of the biomass as a feedstock for biogas and solid fuel production. This study investigates the effect of L. polyphyllus on the nutrient and mineral composition in a mixture series with semi-natural grassland biomass and examines the changes in nutrient and mineral content through hydrothermal conditioning and mechanical dewatering of silage. Untreated lupine-invaded biomass has higher N and Mg concentrations, but lower Cl, K and S concentrations compared to the semi-natural grassland biomass. The mineral concentrations in the biomass exceeded recommendations for combustion. However, with the proposed pre-treatment of hydrothermal conditioning and subsequent dewatering, both lupine-containing and lupine-free semi-natural grassland biomass could achieve adequate values for combustion, given that a state-of-the-art combustion technique is used, including measures to reduce emissions of NOx and particulate matter. Thus, solid fuel production through hydrothermal conditioning and mechanical separation may offer a practical solution for the containment of lupine or other invasive species in semi-natural grasslands and may constitute an important element for sustainable bioenergy production.
Maria Lodovica Gullino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of leaf spot of garden lupin Lupinus polyphyllus caused by pleiochaeta setosa in italy
Plant Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Angelo Garibaldi, D Bertetti, A Poli, Maria Lodovica GullinoAbstract:Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., common name garden lupin, is used in commercial, private, and public landscapes and sold as a cut flower. During summer 2011, extensive brown necrotic areas were observed on young and old leaves of plants grown in a private garden near Biella (northern Italy). The disease affected about 50 of 80 2-year-old plants. Early symptoms included circular to irregular-shaped brown lesions of alternating pale and dark brown concentric bands. Lesions coalesced and often were surrounded by chlorotic halos at an advanced development stage. Lesion expansion was not limited by leaf veins. When lesions covered much of the leaf area, the leaf curled and remained attached. However, expansion of stem lesions often resulted in plant death. A fungus was consistently isolated from 15 infected leaves on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Cultures were grown at 21 to 25°C under 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. Mature colonies were dark olive-green and produced orangeochre pigments in the medium. Ten isolates were obtained and three strains were used in the morphological study. The mycelium had olivaceous, septate hyphae that produced abundant dark, intercalary chlamydospores. The conidia were cylindrical to elliptical, slightly curved, with a truncated base, five to seven transverse septa and three hyaline appendages. Apical and basal cells were subhyaline, whereas the intermediate cells were olivebrown. The conidia measured 76 to 94 × 14 to 19 (average 85 × 16) μm. Appendages were up to 84 μm long. On the basis of its morphological characteristics the pathogen was identified as Pleiochaeta setosa Kirchn. DNA was extracted using Terra PCR Direct Polymerase Mix (Clontech). The internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS 1 and 4 (4) and sequenced. BLAST analysis (1) of the 570 bp fragment showed a 100% homology with a P. setosa isolate submitted to GenBank (accession no. EU167563). The nucleotide sequence was submitted to GenBank (JQ358708). Pathogenicity was verified on healthy 5-month-old garden lupin plants by placing 8-mm mycelial disks from 15-day-old cultures on 10 unwounded leaves per plant with five plants per treatment. Ten leaves of five plants were inoculated with PDA disks to serve as a negative control. Plants were covered with plastic bags for 4 days after inoculation and maintained in a growth chamber at 20 ± 1°C. Lesions developed on 80% of leaves 3 days after inoculation, whereas control plants remained healthy. P. setosa was consistently isolated from these lesions. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. The presence of P. setosa on L. polyphyllus was reported in Australia, United States (2), and Poland (3). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of P. setosa in Italy. The impact of this disease is currently limited. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res., 25:3389, 1997. (2) A. M. French. California Plant Disease Host Index. Calif. Dept. Food Agric. Sacramento, 1989. (3) W. Mulenko et al. A Preliminary Checklist of Mycromycetes in Poland Polish Academy of Sciences, 1982. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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report of leaf blight on washington lupine Lupinus polyphyllus caused by rhizoctonia solani ag 4 in italy
Plant Disease, 2009Co-Authors: Angelo Garibaldi, D Bertetti, G Gilardi, Maria Lodovica GullinoAbstract:Lupinus polyphyllus (Leguminosae), Washington lupine, is a perennial herbaceous plant. In March 2008, in a campus greenhouse at the University of Torino, Grugliasco (northern Italy), a leaf blight was observed on 20% of potted 30-day-old plants. Semicircular, water-soaked lesions developed on leaves just above the soil line at the leaf-petiole junction and later along the leaf margins. Lesions expanded for several days along the midvein until the entire leaf was destroyed. Blighted leaves turned brown, withered, clung to the shoots, and matted on the surrounding foliage. Severely infected plants died. Plants were grown in a sphagnum peat/perlite/clay (70:20:10) substrate at temperatures between 18 and 25°C and relative humidity of 60 to 80%. Diseased tissue was disinfested for 10 s in 1% NaOCl, rinsed with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 25 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate. A fungus with the morphological characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani (4) was consistently and readily recovered, then transferred and maintained in pure culture. Ten-day-old mycelium grown on PDA at 20 ± 1°C appeared light brown, rather compact, and exhibited radial growth. The isolates of R. solani successfully anastomosed with tester isolate AG 4 (AG 4 RT 31, obtained from tobacco plants). The hyphal diameter at the point of anastomosis was reduced, the anastomosis point was obvious, and cell death of adjacent cells was observed. Results were consistent with other reports on anastomosis reactions (3). Pairings were also made with tester isolates AG 1, 2.1, 2.2, 3, 6, 7, 11, and BI with no anastomoses observed between the recovered and tester isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the 660-bp fragment showed 100% homology with the sequence of R. solani. The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. FJ486272. For pathogenicity tests, the inoculum of R. solani was prepared by growing the pathogen on PDA for 10 days. Plants of 30-day-old L. polyphyllus were grown in 10-liter containers (10 plants per container) on a steam disinfested sphagnum peat/perlite/clay (70:20:10) medium. Inoculum, consisting of an aqueous suspension of mycelium disks prepared from PDA cultures (5 g of mycelium per plant), was placed at the collar of plants. Plants inoculated with water and PDA fragments alone served as control treatments. Three replicates were used. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at temperatures between 18 and 23°C. First symptoms, similar to those observed in the nursery, developed 10 days after the artificial inoculation. R. solani was consistently reisolated from infected leaves and stems. Control plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was repeated twice. The susceptibility of L. polyphyllus to R. solani was reported in Poland (2). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of leaf blight of L. polyphyllus caused by R. solani in Italy. The importance of the disease is at the moment limited. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) W. Blaszczak. Rocz. Nauk. Roln. Ser A 85:705, 1962. (3) D. E. Carling. Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by hyphal anastomosis reactions. In: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996. (4) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1991.
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verticillium wilt incited by verticillium dahliae in Lupinus polyphyllus in italy
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Angelo Garibaldi, D Bertetti, Maria Lodovica GullinoAbstract:Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl., a perennial ornamental belonging to the Leguminosae family, is grown in gardens for flower beds and borders. During the summer of 2006, in several gardens located in the Biella Province (northern Italy), a new wilt of Lupine was observed in 20 to 30% of the plants. The vascular tissue in stems of affected plants appeared brown. These plants were stunted and developed yellow leaves with brown or black streaks in the vascular tissue. Verticillium dahliae was consistently isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue and leaves when cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) (3). Microscopic observations revealed hyaline hyphae, with many irregular, dark microsclerotia, ranging from 17 to 61 μm. Conidiophores showed two verticils of three elements. Conidia were hyaline, elliptical, single-celled, measuring 3.4 to 6.0 × 1.8 to 3.1 μm (average 4.5 × 2.4 μm). The ITS region (internal transcribed spacer) of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS4/ITS6 (2) and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the 521 bp obtained showed an E-value of 0.0 with V. dahliae. The nucleotide sequence has been assigned GenBank Accession No. EF015891. Healthy 30-day-old plants (10 per treatment) of L. polyphyllus were inoculated by root dip with a conidial suspension (0.5 × 106 CFU/ml) of V. dahliae isolated from infected plants. Ten noninoculated plants served as control treatments. All plants were transplanted into pots filled with a mix of sphagnum peat/pomix/pine bark/clay (50:20:20:10) and grown outdoors at temperatures ranging from 15 to 25°C. First wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crown, and veins developed within 20 days on each inoculated plant and become evident after 50 days. V. dahliae was consistently reisolated from infected plants. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. dahliae on L. polyphyllus in Italy. A wilt caused by V. dahliae on L. polyphyllus was observed in the Netherlands in 1925 (4). References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) D. E. L. Cooke and J. M. Duncan. Mycol. Res. 101:667, 1997. (3) G. F. Pegg and B. L. Brady. Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 2002. (4) J. H. H. Van der Meer. Meded. Landbouwhogesch. Wagening. 28, 1925.
Michael Wink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation and expression of monosaccharide transporters in lupins Lupinus polyphyllus and l albus
Journal of Plant Research, 2007Co-Authors: A Szenthe, Holger Schafer, J Hauf, Thomas Schwend, Michael WinkAbstract:Monosaccharide transporter (MST) genes of Lupinus polyphyllus and L. albus were cloned, expressed and characterised. The isolation and functional characterisation of a cDNA clone and its corresponding genomic clone of a sugar transporter from L. polyphyllus (LpSTP1) is reported. Phylogenetic comparison of the nucleic and amino acid sequences showed the highest similarity to the AtSTP1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a high affinity sugar transporter. The similar topology as well as the substrate specificity and expression pattern of LpSTP1 encoded protein additionally support the high similarity to the AtSTP1 gene product. The 1,590 bp LpSTP1 cDNA clone was heterologously expressed in yeast resulting in a fully functional specific sugar transporter. This transformation restored the viability of a yeast deletion mutant, which is devoid of all intrinsic MSTs and thus unable to take up and grow on hexose-containing media. The LpSTP1 protein is postulated to be a high-affinity MST since it supported growth best on media containing 0.2% hexose. Tissue-specific expression of LaSTP1 in L. albus was assayed by real-time PCR, which revealed that the lupin STP1 is mainly expressed in flower buds, flowers and young leaves. The results suggest that the main role of LaSTP1 is to catalyse monosaccharide import in sink tissues to meet increased carbohydrate demand during plant development.
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Attraction, deterrence or intoxication of bees (Apis mellifera) by plant allelochemicals
CHEMOECOLOGY, 1993Co-Authors: Andreas Detzel, Michael WinkAbstract:The influence of 63 dietary allelochemicals (alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides, etc. ) on the feeding behaviour of bees ( Apis mellifera ) was tested in terms of deterrency and attraction. For 39 compounds a deterrent (mostly alkaloids, coumarins and saponins) and for 3 compounds an attractive response (mostly terpenes) was obtained in choice tests, which allowed the calculation of respective ED_50-values. Under no-choice conditions, 17 out of 29 allelochemicals caused mortality at concentrations between 0.003 and 0.6%. Especially toxic were alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. These data show that bees which are confronted with plant allelochemicals in nectar and pollen, are not especially adapted ( i.e. insensitive) to the plants' defence chemistry. GLC and GLS-MS data are given on the alkaloid composition of nectar and pollen of Brugmansia aurea, Atropa belladonna and Lupinus polyphyllus.
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constitutive expression and molecular characterization of a cdna clone encoding a partial hsp70 gene in cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1991Co-Authors: Ralf Perrey, Michael WinkAbstract:Summary We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone (pPLZ17) from a cDNA library of a cell suspension culture of Lupinus polyphyllus . Its nucleotide sequence of 1005 by shows homologies up to 73.9 % to «70 kDa heat shock protein» (HSP70) genes of unrelated organisms. The deduced amino acid sequence is 84 % and 79 % homologous to HSP70 of maize and petunia, respectively. mRNA analysis revealed that pPLZ17 not only encodes the lupin HSP70, but also has a high homology to a low molecular weight HSP transcript of approximately 1000 bp. Apparently, these genes are expressed constitutively in cell suspension culture and their expression is not enhanced by heat shock. In contrast, the HSP70 gene is thermally inducible in the intact lupin plant and callus culture.
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molecular cloning of a Lupinus polyphyllus cdna encoding a basic peroxidase isoenzyme of cell suspension cultures
Journal of Plant Physiology, 1991Co-Authors: Ralf Perrey, Ulrich Warskulat, Michael WinkAbstract:Summary We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone from a cell suspension culture of Lupinus polyphyllus, which encodes about 54 % (701 bp) of a basic peroxidase isoenzyme. The nucleotide sequence is 51.8 % homologous to a peroxidase gene of tobacco and the predicted amino acid sequence shows up to 80 % homology to peroxidase-specific domains of the already known isoenzymes from turnip, horseradish and tobacco. Expression studies indicate that the mature lupin peroxidase mRNA is approximately 1.3 kb in size and is expressed in suspension-cultured cells and in leaf and root tissue of intact lupin plants, but not in stem tissue.
