The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ian Beveridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular characterization of species of cloacina strongyloidea cloacininae from the common wallaroo Macropus robustus marsupialia macropodidae in australia
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Mary Shuttleworth, Ian Beveridge, Robin B Gasser, Anson V Koehler, Abdul JabbarAbstract:This study examined genetic variation within and among species of Cloacina found in the common wallaroo (Macropus robustus) collected at different localities from mainland Australia, and evaluated geographical distance as a potential driver for genetic variation. The first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2=ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to characterize individuals of 17 morphospecies of Cloacina that parasitize Macropus robustus and its sub-species. Results revealed intraspecific variation in ITS within some morphospecies of Cloacina. Phylogenetic analyses showed little correlation between host speciation patterns and geographical location for the majority of the nematode species, although it did suggest geographical distance was a driver for speciation within Cloacina communis, C. phaethon and C. parva. Our results suggest that nucleotide variation within Cloacina species is complex, and is likely to be propagated by factors such as geographical distance and host sub-species. Further studies determining factors involved in speciation, such as host-parasite relationships, are needed to improve our understanding of the diversity of populations of species of Cloacina.
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estimations of species richness in the complex communities of nematode parasites found in the stomachs of kangaroos and wallabies family macropodidae
Transactions of The Royal Society of South Australia, 2014Co-Authors: Catharina Vendl, Ian BeveridgeAbstract:AbstractKangaroos and wallabies harbour a diverse array of strongyloid nematodes in their sacculated forestomachs. Determining the number of nematode species present in complex communities such as these can be technically difficult due to the large size of the host organ, the large numbers of nematodes and the large number of closely related nematode species. This problem was investigated using species accumulation methods in 16 eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus), 15 red-necked wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) and 6 swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor). Nematodes from a subsample of known size were identified individually to species and the number of nematodes which needed to be examined before all of the species in the subsample were found was determined. In M. giganteus (mean worm burden 20,500), between 27 and 92 (mean 57) nematodes had to be examined before all (13) species were recovered. In M. rufogriseus (mean worm burden 60,600), an examination of between 16 and 178 (mean 57) nematodes reco...
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molecular evidence for a cryptic species within the parasitic nematode macroponema comani strongyloidea cloacininae
Molecular and Cellular Probes, 2012Co-Authors: Neil B Chilton, Florence Hubychilton, Robin B Gasser, Ian BeveridgeAbstract:Abstract Nematodes resembling Macroponema comani , a common parasite of eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus , in eastern Australia were collected from an unexpected host species, the northern wallaroo, Macropus robustus woodwardi , in the Northern Territory, representing a highly disjunct occurrence. Although these specimens showed no morphological differences when compared with Ma. comani from M. giganteus , sequencing of the first and second internal transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA revealed seven base pair differences in each spacer region between the two taxa. These differences included a number of autapomorphies. Sequences from both taxa differed significantly from those of Ma. beveridgei , a common parasite of the common wallaroo, Macropus robustus robustus and the euro, M. robustus erubescens . Based on these findings, the specimens in M. r. woodwardi are considered to represent a crypic species.
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Foraging efficiency and parasite risk in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
Behavioral Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Sarah Garnick, Mark A. Elgar, Ian Beveridge, Graeme CoulsonAbstract:Large mammalian herbivores must balance foraging efficiency with multiple constraints, including the risk of gastrointestinal parasitism. The costs imposed by gastrointestinal parasites are likely to exert selective pressure on hosts to develop aversion behaviors. Fecal aversion, or the avoidance of foraging patches contaminated by feces, is one mechanism by which herbivores can reduce their exposure to gastrointestinal parasites transmitted through the fecal contamination of foraging grounds. As feces also fertilize the surrounding pasture, herbivores may face a choice between the benefits of increased nutrient intake and an increased risk of parasitism. We investigated fecal aversion in free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus), including the potential conflict between fecal aversion and increased nutrient intake, through a combination of field observations and a field experiment. Kangaroos exhibited fecal aversion by moving through contaminated patches as they were encountered. The experiment revealed that both sward height and fecal contamination affected the kangaroos’ choice of foraging patches: kangaroos preferred taller grass but would not accept a higher risk of parasitism for increased nutrient intake. Key words: eastern grey kangaroo, fecal aversion, foraging behavior, Macropus giganteus, parasitism. [Behav Ecol]
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revision of the progamotaenia festiva species complex cestoda anoplocephalidae from australasian marsupials with the resurrection of p fellicola nybelin 1917 comb nov
Zootaxa, 2009Co-Authors: Ian Beveridge, Shokoofeh ShamsiAbstract:Examination of all available specimens currently identified as Progamotaenia festiva from macropodid and vombatid marsupials together with comparison with published genetic data has allowed the recognition of seven new species based on morphological differences: P. adspersa sp. nov. from Macropus irma (Jourdan) from Western Australia, P. aemulans sp. nov. from Macropus dorsalis (Gray) from Queensland, P. corniculata sp. nov. from Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould from Queensland, P. dilatata sp. nov. from Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) from Victoria, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland, P. onychogale sp. nov. from Onychogalea unguifera (Gould) from Queensland, P. pulchella sp. nov. from Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard) from Western Australia, and P. vombati sp. nov. from Vombatus ursinus (Shaw) from Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital territory. Progamotaenia fellicola (Nybelin, 1917) comb. nov. is resurrected and is reported from Macropus agilis (Gould) from Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia as well as from Papua New Guinea. Within the redefined taxon P. festiva (Rudolphi, 1819), three morphotypes were recognised: the first lacking a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals, found in M. giganteus Shaw (type host), M. rufus (Desmarest), M. robustus Gould and M. dorsalis, the second with a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals, found in M. parryi Bennett and M. robustus and the third, with a space between the testis fields and the osmoregulatory canals but with a greater number of testes per segment, found in M. antilopinus (Gould) and M. robustus. Because the morphotypes are not entirely concordant with the genetic groups identified within P. festiva, all have been retained provisionally within this taxon.
Terence J. Dawson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carnivory in euros inland wallaroos Macropus robustus erubescens
Australian Mammalogy, 2020Co-Authors: Keith E A Leggett, Amoi Stubbsoliver, Matthew L Brun, Terence J. DawsonAbstract:This paper reports on an observation of carnivorous scavenging by euros (inland wallaroos) (Macropus robustus erubescens) at Fowlers Gap in western New South Wales. We believe this to be the first sighting of a euro feeding on another macropod.
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University of Wollongong Research Online
2007Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Terence J. Dawson, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:Ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus Desmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutralit
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University of Wollongong Research Online
2006Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Terence J. DawsonAbstract:Forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos Macropus rufus Desmarest: why body size matter
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diets and foraging behaviour of red and eastern grey kangaroos in arid shrub land is feeding behaviour involved in the range expansion of the eastern grey kangaroo into the arid zone
Australian Mammalogy, 2004Co-Authors: Terence J. Dawson, K J Mctavish, B A EllisAbstract:Eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) have expanded into arid areas usually the habitat of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus). Extra watering sites for domestic stock is the suggested reason. However, changes in vegetation also have occurred due to grazing from domestic stock. We investigated the foraging strategies of M. giganteus and M. rufus in arid rangeland to see if these are involved in the range changes. Foraging patterns were similar, with both species mostly foraging at night; total feeding times were the same. M. giganteus and M. rufus had differing diets, though there was considerable overlap of 81 - 87%. Both species were highly selective, having similar narrow dietary niche breaths. Differences in plant preferences occurred and though both species had a preference for grass that of M. giganteus was higher. A larger foregut in M. giganteus reinforces its focus on grass. M. rufus also selected dicot forbs and malvaceous sub-shrubs. Both kangaroos showed avoidance of abundant chenopod shrubs (saltbushes and bluebushes) and trees. It is likely that the changes to arid-zone vegetation, with a shift to grass and annual dicot forbs, has been important for the expansion of M. giganteus, possibly combined with the greater availability of water.
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erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red Macropus rufus and grey Macropus fuliginosus and Macropus giganteus kangaroos and free ranging sheep of the arid regions of australia
Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 2001Co-Authors: Rochelle Buffenstein, H C K Mccarron, Terence J. DawsonAbstract:The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) of erythrocytes may reflect phylogenetic characteristics as well as an animal's ability to respond to the osmotic challenges associated with cyclic dehydration and rehydration. This type of ecophysiological stress is commonly encountered by animals living in arid regions and low MCF may contribute to their ability to survive and thrive in these xeric habitats. The eastern grey kangaroo has only in recent times extended its range into the arid zone, and is considered a more mesic inhabitant than the red kangaroo. We therefore compared the ability of eastern grey kangaroos and red kangaroos to handle prolonged periods of water restriction, as well as the MCF of the erythrocytes of free-ranging red, eastern grey and western grey kangaroos found at the Fowlers Gap field station. In addition, the MCF of free-ranging sheep inhabiting the same pastures were used as an experimental control; they are phylogenetically unrelated yet are subjected to the same acclimatisation stresses. While red kangaroos exhibited greater tolerance of dehydration compared to eastern grey kangaroos, the MCF of all three kangaroo species was similar and more resilient to osmotic stresses (MCF, 130 mosmol/kg) than erythrocytes of sheep (MCF, 220 mosmol/kg). The MCF did not change with water restriction, however, the erythrocytes of long-term captive populations fed a comparatively better quality diet were more resistant to osmotic shock than the free-ranging animals. Phylogenetic commonality rather than ecophysiological responses to life in the arid zone appeared to influence MCF. The MCF values of sheep corresponded to that of other ovines; similarly the MCF of kangaroos concurred regardless of their preferred habitats, ecological history and differential success in the arid zone.
Shane K. Maloney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedation of western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus with tiletamine zolazepam
Animal Welfare, 2014Co-Authors: Chris Mayberry, Roberta Bencini, Peter R Mawson, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:It is sometimes necessary to restrain kangaroos (Macropus spp) for veterinary treatment or in the course of scientific research, but the associated stresses may induce capture myopathy in wild kangaroos. Judicious use of injectable sedatives can reduce the risk of capture myopathy. Zoletil®, a proprietary mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam, is reported to have a wide safety margin, a small dose volume, and be quick acting for a range of animals. We investigated the dose-response relationship of Zoletil® in 26 western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus). All kangaroos were recumbent within 5–10 min of intramuscular injection with mean (± SD) Zoletil® of 4.55 (± 0.98) mg kg. Mean (± SD) time to recovery varied between individuals, 2.07 (± 0.41) h over all occasions, and was independent of dose rate. For animals that were assessed on multiple occasions, mean (± SEM) time to recover was reduced from 2.25 (± 0.09) h on the first occasion to 2.15 (± 0.10) h on the second occasion and 1.81 (± 0.11) h on the third. Since kangaroos sedated with Zoletil® are vulnerable to predation and injury during recovery, we believe they should be supervised until they are able to fend for themselves.
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University of Wollongong Research Online
2007Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Terence J. Dawson, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:Ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus Desmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutralit
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Thermoregulation by Kangaroos from Mesic and Arid Habitats: Influence of Temperature on Routes of Heat Loss in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and Red Kangaroos (Macropus rufus)
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ, 2000Co-Authors: Terence J. Dawson, Adam J. Munn, Cyntina E. Blaney, Andrew K. Krockenberger, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:Abstract We examined thermoregulation in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) from deserts and in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) from mesic forests/woodlands. Desert kangaroos have complex evaporative heat loss mechanisms, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. Little is known of the abilities of grey kangaroos. Our detailed study of these kangaroos' thermoregulatory responses at air temperatures (Ta) from −5° to 45°C showed that, while some differences occur, their abilities are fundamentally similar. Both species show the basic marsupial characteristics of relatively low basal metabolism and body temperature (Tb). Within the thermoneutral zone, Tb was \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renew...
Adam J. Munn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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University of Wollongong Research Online
2007Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Terence J. Dawson, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:Ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus Desmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutralit
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University of Wollongong Research Online
2006Co-Authors: Adam J. Munn, Terence J. DawsonAbstract:Forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos Macropus rufus Desmarest: why body size matter
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Thermoregulation by Kangaroos from Mesic and Arid Habitats: Influence of Temperature on Routes of Heat Loss in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and Red Kangaroos (Macropus rufus)
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ, 2000Co-Authors: Terence J. Dawson, Adam J. Munn, Cyntina E. Blaney, Andrew K. Krockenberger, Shane K. MaloneyAbstract:Abstract We examined thermoregulation in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) from deserts and in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) from mesic forests/woodlands. Desert kangaroos have complex evaporative heat loss mechanisms, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. Little is known of the abilities of grey kangaroos. Our detailed study of these kangaroos' thermoregulatory responses at air temperatures (Ta) from −5° to 45°C showed that, while some differences occur, their abilities are fundamentally similar. Both species show the basic marsupial characteristics of relatively low basal metabolism and body temperature (Tb). Within the thermoneutral zone, Tb was \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renew...
L. Venturini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxoplasmosis and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Macropus rufus and Macropus giganteus in Argentina.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Gastón Moré, Lais Pardini, W. Basso, Mariana Machuca, D. Bacigalupe, M.c. Villanueva, Gereon Schares, María Cecilia Venturini, L. VenturiniAbstract:Toxoplasma gondii infection is frequently asymptomatic; however, it can be severe or even fatal to some hosts. In this study, diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmosis in one red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and one great grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) from the La Plata Zoo, Argentina and the isolation and molecular characterization of T. gondii are reported. Both male kangaroos showed depression and sudden death. Toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed by fresh examination, histophatology, immunohistochemistry, PCR and bioassay in mice. During fresh examination many protozoan cysts were observed in diaphragm, heart and hind limb muscles of M. rufus. Cysts were also observed in samples from M. giganteus, although in lower number. Cysts from both kangaroos stained strongly with T. gondii anti-serum by immunohistochemistry. The M. rufus showed more considerable histopathological lesions like non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, myositis and myocarditis. All mice inoculated with tissues from both kangaroos developed IFAT titers to T. gondii (titer ?800) and brain cysts at necropsy. Both T. gondii isolates were maintained by mice passages and the M. rufus isolate was also maintained in cell culture. Toxoplasma gondii DNA from tissue samples was analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis using the markers 5?SAG2, 3?SAG2, BTUB, GRA6, SAG3, c22-8, L358, PK1, c29-2 and Apico. Genotyping revealed that the T. gondii isolate from M. rufus was clonal type III and the isolate from M. giganteus was clonal type II. This is the first report of disseminated toxoplasmosis in M. rufus and M. giganteus in Argentina caused by genotypes of T. gondii considered non-virulent in a mouse model.
