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Martin Kreuzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from differently stored dairy Manure derived from grass- and hay-based rations
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003Co-Authors: D. R. Külling, H. Menzi, P Lischer, Florian Sutter, Martin KreuzerAbstract:Theeffects on nitrogen losses and volatilisation of ammonia, methane and nitrousoxide from Manure storage were investigated using excreta of dairy cows fed twoforage-based rations, (i) young grass ( ad libitum ) and hay (2 kgd^−1) or (ii) hay ( ad libitum ) and concentrate (3kg d^−1). In two series either grass of low crudeprotein content (112 g kg^−1 dry matter, similar tothe hay) or of high crude protein content (229 gkg^−1) was used. Emissions from the resulting Manureswere investigated in two common storage systems, the liquid Manure system andthe slurry/farmyard Manure system. Storage was performed under controlledconditions using the chamber technique to quantify trace gas emissions and themass balance method to measure total nitrogen loss. The ration characterised bythe low-protein grass resulted in higher urinary nitrogen and lower faecalnitrogen excretion than the hay ration, thus significantly enhancing totalnitrogen and ammonia emissions from all types of Manure. Differences to the hayration were, however, far more pronounced feeding the high-protein grass, withthe emissions of nitrogen and ammonia accounting for the 3- to 4-fold level ofthat of the hay ration. Initial differences of the Manures in nitrogen contenthad partly disappeared after storage yielding Manures which differed less innitrogen fertiliser value than the fresh Manures. In some but not all Manuretypes there was a certain decrease in nitrous oxide emission feeding grassinstead of hay. Methane release was low with the high-protein grass of series2.Total nitrogen losses during 5 to 7 weeks of storage were lowest with farmyardManure (11% of initial nitrogen), followed by liquid Manure (19%)and slurry (30%). Calculated for the daily Manure amount per cow,greenhouse gas emissions from 5 to 7 weeks stored Manure were higher in theslurry/farmyard Manure system than in the liquid Manure system (2.4 vs 1.5kg CO_2 equivalents).
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Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from different types of dairy Manure during storage as affected by dietary protein content
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2001Co-Authors: D. R. Külling, H. Menzi, T. F. Kröber, Albrecht Neftel, P Lischer, Florian Sutter, Martin KreuzerAbstract:In a storage experiment with dairy cow Manure, the effects of dietary protein content and Manure type on ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane volatilization as well as overall nitrogen (N) loss from Manure were investigated. Early-lactating cows received rations with 175, 150 and 125 g crude protein/kg dry matter. Each ration was tested in four Manure storage systems reflecting typical farm conditions. These either contained total excreta with high amounts of straw (deep litter Manure) or no straw (slurry) or, proportionately, 0.9 of urine and 0.1 of faeces (urine-rich slurry) complemented by the residuals with a low amount of straw (farmyard Manure). Manure samples were stored for 7 weeks under controlled conditions and trace gas emission was repeatedly measured. Reduction of N intake decreased daily N excretion and urine N proportion and, on average, led to 0.7-fold lower storage ammonia emission rates on average. Total storage N loss was simultaneously reduced with the extent depending on urine N proportion of the respective Manures. A lower dietary protein content furthermore reduced nitrous oxide emission rates in most Manure types but increased methane emission from urine-rich slurry; however, global warming potential (based on trace gas output) of all Manures was similar with low and high dietary protein content. In deep litter Manure, characterized by the highest C:N ratio, emission rates of total N, ammonia and methane were lowest, whereas nitrous oxide values were intermediate. Substantial emission of nitrous oxide occurred with farmyard Manure which also had the highest methane values and, consequently, by far the highest global warming potential. C:N ratio of Manure was shown to be suitable to predict total N loss from Manure during storage in all Manure types whereas urine N proportion and Manure pH were only of use with liquid Manures.
W Van Averbeke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of soil ph and electrical conductivity with the application of three animal Manures
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to determine the dynamics of soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in a soil to which three animal Manures [poultry (PM), cattle (CM), and goat (GM) Manures] had been applied. The result of this study showed that the Manures differed in qualities. Poultry Manure had significantly greater EC and dissolved salts compared with the other Manures, whereas the pH of cattle and goat Manures are significantly greater than that of PM treatment. The liming effect of the Manures was only for about 30 days after Manure incorporation, and it varied with Manure type and incubation period. There was an increase in EC as days of incubation increased. The potential of Manure-induced soil salinization is very high in PM and GM. It was concluded that Manure quality and use should be synchronized with consideration of their liming potential and reduced salinization effect.
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fate of Manure phosphorus in a weathered sandy clay loam soil amended with three animal Manures
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:Abstract Laboratory incubation was conducted for 120 days to study the fate of phosphorus in poultry (PM), cattle (CM) and goat Manures (GM). Phosphorus mineralized from Manure was dependent on total P, Al and Fe content. Manures improved P availability in the order: PM > CM > GM; however, the highest amount of P was fixed or immobilized between 10 and 70 days of incubating with CM and GM. Fixation and immobilization of mineralized P from poultry Manure was negligible probably due to the high total P and the low amount of Al and Fe. Generally, Manure application reduced the ability of the soil to fix P. More than 90% of the Manure P was either immobilized or fixed by the soil. The relationship between the amount of P released and time was cubic. Improvement of the C:P ratio of CM and GM would be an option to enhance their agronomic use as fertilizer P source.
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nitrogen mineralization potential of three animal Manures applied on a sandy clay loam soil
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:Abstract Understanding the dynamics of N forms applied as Manure is germane for appropriate rate and timing of applications of Manure. Manure characterization and laboratory incubation were conducted for 120 days to study the mineralization of poultry, cattle and goat Manures. Results showed that Manure properties differ. Net immobilization of N was recorded for goat and cattle Manures while poultry Manure mineralized marginally. The relationship between N release and time is polynomial (cubic). The release phases were: initial rapid N release at 0–30 days; phase of constant release; 40–55 days; decline phase in N release 70–90 days and sharp increase in N release at 120 days. Increasing the N rates of Manures above 120 kg N ha −1 will improve their potential as plant nutrient sources. Complementing the Manures with inorganic N fertilizers in integrated nutrient management will also improve its quality and effectiveness.
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differential responses in yield of pumpkin cucurbita maxima l and nightshade solanum retroflexum dun to the application of three animal Manures
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: W Van Averbeke, J O Azeez, A O M OkorogbonaAbstract:Abstract Crop responses to different Manures differs considerably, however, the factors responsible for it have not been conclusively elucidated. Consequently, this study examined the biomass response of Cucurbita maxima and Solanum retroflexum to application rates of chicken and kraal Manures of cattle and goat, and soil factors related to salinity. The crops’ biomass yield increased linearly with increase in application rates of kraal and chicken Manures, but steeper in the latter. Results showed that significant decline in biomass yield in chicken Manure at rates above 8.5 tons ha −1 were not due to salinity. The crops’ response to cattle and goat kraal Manures was linear but polynomial (cubic) in layer chicken Manure. It was concluded that the yield decline in chicken Manure was due to other Manure factors except salinity, probably toxicity effect of the Manure fatty acids. Further research was however, recommended to elucidate this claim.
J O Azeez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of soil ph and electrical conductivity with the application of three animal Manures
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to determine the dynamics of soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in a soil to which three animal Manures [poultry (PM), cattle (CM), and goat (GM) Manures] had been applied. The result of this study showed that the Manures differed in qualities. Poultry Manure had significantly greater EC and dissolved salts compared with the other Manures, whereas the pH of cattle and goat Manures are significantly greater than that of PM treatment. The liming effect of the Manures was only for about 30 days after Manure incorporation, and it varied with Manure type and incubation period. There was an increase in EC as days of incubation increased. The potential of Manure-induced soil salinization is very high in PM and GM. It was concluded that Manure quality and use should be synchronized with consideration of their liming potential and reduced salinization effect.
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fate of Manure phosphorus in a weathered sandy clay loam soil amended with three animal Manures
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:Abstract Laboratory incubation was conducted for 120 days to study the fate of phosphorus in poultry (PM), cattle (CM) and goat Manures (GM). Phosphorus mineralized from Manure was dependent on total P, Al and Fe content. Manures improved P availability in the order: PM > CM > GM; however, the highest amount of P was fixed or immobilized between 10 and 70 days of incubating with CM and GM. Fixation and immobilization of mineralized P from poultry Manure was negligible probably due to the high total P and the low amount of Al and Fe. Generally, Manure application reduced the ability of the soil to fix P. More than 90% of the Manure P was either immobilized or fixed by the soil. The relationship between the amount of P released and time was cubic. Improvement of the C:P ratio of CM and GM would be an option to enhance their agronomic use as fertilizer P source.
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nitrogen mineralization potential of three animal Manures applied on a sandy clay loam soil
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: J O Azeez, W Van AverbekeAbstract:Abstract Understanding the dynamics of N forms applied as Manure is germane for appropriate rate and timing of applications of Manure. Manure characterization and laboratory incubation were conducted for 120 days to study the mineralization of poultry, cattle and goat Manures. Results showed that Manure properties differ. Net immobilization of N was recorded for goat and cattle Manures while poultry Manure mineralized marginally. The relationship between N release and time is polynomial (cubic). The release phases were: initial rapid N release at 0–30 days; phase of constant release; 40–55 days; decline phase in N release 70–90 days and sharp increase in N release at 120 days. Increasing the N rates of Manures above 120 kg N ha −1 will improve their potential as plant nutrient sources. Complementing the Manures with inorganic N fertilizers in integrated nutrient management will also improve its quality and effectiveness.
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differential responses in yield of pumpkin cucurbita maxima l and nightshade solanum retroflexum dun to the application of three animal Manures
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: W Van Averbeke, J O Azeez, A O M OkorogbonaAbstract:Abstract Crop responses to different Manures differs considerably, however, the factors responsible for it have not been conclusively elucidated. Consequently, this study examined the biomass response of Cucurbita maxima and Solanum retroflexum to application rates of chicken and kraal Manures of cattle and goat, and soil factors related to salinity. The crops’ biomass yield increased linearly with increase in application rates of kraal and chicken Manures, but steeper in the latter. Results showed that significant decline in biomass yield in chicken Manure at rates above 8.5 tons ha −1 were not due to salinity. The crops’ response to cattle and goat kraal Manures was linear but polynomial (cubic) in layer chicken Manure. It was concluded that the yield decline in chicken Manure was due to other Manure factors except salinity, probably toxicity effect of the Manure fatty acids. Further research was however, recommended to elucidate this claim.
D. R. Külling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from differently stored dairy Manure derived from grass- and hay-based rations
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003Co-Authors: D. R. Külling, H. Menzi, P Lischer, Florian Sutter, Martin KreuzerAbstract:Theeffects on nitrogen losses and volatilisation of ammonia, methane and nitrousoxide from Manure storage were investigated using excreta of dairy cows fed twoforage-based rations, (i) young grass ( ad libitum ) and hay (2 kgd^−1) or (ii) hay ( ad libitum ) and concentrate (3kg d^−1). In two series either grass of low crudeprotein content (112 g kg^−1 dry matter, similar tothe hay) or of high crude protein content (229 gkg^−1) was used. Emissions from the resulting Manureswere investigated in two common storage systems, the liquid Manure system andthe slurry/farmyard Manure system. Storage was performed under controlledconditions using the chamber technique to quantify trace gas emissions and themass balance method to measure total nitrogen loss. The ration characterised bythe low-protein grass resulted in higher urinary nitrogen and lower faecalnitrogen excretion than the hay ration, thus significantly enhancing totalnitrogen and ammonia emissions from all types of Manure. Differences to the hayration were, however, far more pronounced feeding the high-protein grass, withthe emissions of nitrogen and ammonia accounting for the 3- to 4-fold level ofthat of the hay ration. Initial differences of the Manures in nitrogen contenthad partly disappeared after storage yielding Manures which differed less innitrogen fertiliser value than the fresh Manures. In some but not all Manuretypes there was a certain decrease in nitrous oxide emission feeding grassinstead of hay. Methane release was low with the high-protein grass of series2.Total nitrogen losses during 5 to 7 weeks of storage were lowest with farmyardManure (11% of initial nitrogen), followed by liquid Manure (19%)and slurry (30%). Calculated for the daily Manure amount per cow,greenhouse gas emissions from 5 to 7 weeks stored Manure were higher in theslurry/farmyard Manure system than in the liquid Manure system (2.4 vs 1.5kg CO_2 equivalents).
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Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from different types of dairy Manure during storage as affected by dietary protein content
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2001Co-Authors: D. R. Külling, H. Menzi, T. F. Kröber, Albrecht Neftel, P Lischer, Florian Sutter, Martin KreuzerAbstract:In a storage experiment with dairy cow Manure, the effects of dietary protein content and Manure type on ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane volatilization as well as overall nitrogen (N) loss from Manure were investigated. Early-lactating cows received rations with 175, 150 and 125 g crude protein/kg dry matter. Each ration was tested in four Manure storage systems reflecting typical farm conditions. These either contained total excreta with high amounts of straw (deep litter Manure) or no straw (slurry) or, proportionately, 0.9 of urine and 0.1 of faeces (urine-rich slurry) complemented by the residuals with a low amount of straw (farmyard Manure). Manure samples were stored for 7 weeks under controlled conditions and trace gas emission was repeatedly measured. Reduction of N intake decreased daily N excretion and urine N proportion and, on average, led to 0.7-fold lower storage ammonia emission rates on average. Total storage N loss was simultaneously reduced with the extent depending on urine N proportion of the respective Manures. A lower dietary protein content furthermore reduced nitrous oxide emission rates in most Manure types but increased methane emission from urine-rich slurry; however, global warming potential (based on trace gas output) of all Manures was similar with low and high dietary protein content. In deep litter Manure, characterized by the highest C:N ratio, emission rates of total N, ammonia and methane were lowest, whereas nitrous oxide values were intermediate. Substantial emission of nitrous oxide occurred with farmyard Manure which also had the highest methane values and, consequently, by far the highest global warming potential. C:N ratio of Manure was shown to be suitable to predict total N loss from Manure during storage in all Manure types whereas urine N proportion and Manure pH were only of use with liquid Manures.
Douglas B Beegle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water extractable phosphorus in animal Manure and Manure compost quantities characteristics and temporal changes
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2018Co-Authors: Jian Liu, John Thomas Spargo, Peter J A Kleinman, Robert J Meinen, P A Moore, Douglas B BeegleAbstract:Water-extractable P (WEP) in Manure and Manure compost is widely used as an indicator of P release to runoff from Manure and compost that are land applied. A survey of 600 Manures and composts was conducted to assess trends in WEP (dry weight equivalent) related to Manure and compost types from sources in the Mid-Atlantic region. Manure and compost WEP ranged from 0.2 to 20.8 g kg. Mean WEP was highest in turkey and swine Manures (Manure: 4.1-5.6 g kg; no composts tested), followed by layer and broiler chicken Manures (Manure: 3.0-3.5 g kg; compost: 4.6-5.1 g kg), cattle Manure (dairy and beef Manure: 2.1-2.8 g kg; compost: 1.1-2.7 g kg), and horse Manure (Manure: 2.7 g kg; compost: 1.9 g kg). Across all Manures and composts, WEP was negatively correlated with Manure dry matter content ( = 0.42, < 0.001). Moreover, WEP was strongly correlated ( = 0.66, < 0.001) to degree of P saturation expressed as a molar ratio of total P to total metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and Mn). Although WEP levels of beef, broiler chicken, and turkey Manures from this survey are similar to those from a decade ago, WEP is now significantly lower for dairy (30%, < 0.001), swine (46%, < 0.001), and layer chickens (39%, < 0.05). Lower WEP resulted from decreasing total P and/or increasing P sorption capacity, combined with increasing dry matter content. Results highlight the potential to use degree of P saturation to predict WEP and suggest an opportunity to reduce WEP by managing Manure handling, storage, and chemistry.
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effects of dietary protein concentration on ammonia volatilization nitrate leaching and plant nitrogen uptake from dairy Manure applied to lysimeters
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2014Co-Authors: C Lee, Gary W Feyereisen, A N Hristov, Curtis J Dell, Jason P Kaye, Douglas B BeegleAbstract:This lysimeter experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on nitrate-N (NO-N) and ammonia (NH) losses from dairy Manure applied to soil and Manure N used for plant growth. Lactating dairy cows were fed diets with 16.7% CP (HighCP) or 14.8% CP (LowCP) content. Feces and urine were labeled with N by ruminal pulse-doses of NHCl. Unlabeled and N-labeled feces and urine were used to produce Manure for a study with 21 lysimeters in a greenhouse. Manure application rate was 277 kg N ha. Ammonia emissions were measured at 3, 8, 23, 28, 54, and 100 h after Manure application. Manure was incorporated into the soil, and a leaching event was simulated. Spring barley was planted (387 plants per m) 7 d after the leaching event and harvested at senescence. Ammonia emission rates and the contribution of urinary N to NO-N were on average about 100% greater for HighCP vs. LowCP Manures. With both LowCP and HighCP Manures, a greater proportion of urinary vs. fecal N was recovered in leachate NO-N. There was no difference in whole-crop barley N yields between LowCP and HighCP Manures, but barley kernel N yield tended to be greater ( = 0.09) for lysimeters treated with HighCP Manures. Using a unique labeling approach, this lysimeter experiment demonstrated that when applied at equal soil N application rates, Manure from cows fed the HighCP diet resulted in markedly greater NH emissions and urinary N losses with leachate NO-N than Manure from cows fed the LowCP diet.
