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Roland Gerhards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensor based Mechanical Weed Control present state and prospects
    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jannis Machleb, Gerassimos G Peteinatos, Enjami L Kollenda, Dionisio Anduja, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mechanical Weed Control in agriculture has advanced in terms of precision and working rate over the past years. The real-time communication of implements with sensor systems further increased the potential of Mechanical Weeding. There is a wide array of available sensors including image analysis by camera, GNSS, laser and ultrasonic systems that can improve Weed Control efficacy in combination with Mechanical systems. Every sensor type has its advantages and disadvantages. Camera-steered hoes with a hydraulic side shifting Control for row crops are robust and reliable and they are now widely available from different manufacturers. The robotic sector has difficulties handling the everchanging environment of agricultural fields and fully automated systems may not exist for many years. This review looks at the developments in sensor-based Mechanical Weeding since the 1980s. It focused on scientific studies presenting data results of their work, with the aim of providing an overview of the possibilities of sensor-based systems and to show their efficacy. The practical application for current and future farms is considered and discussed. Furthermore, an outlook towards sensor-based Mechanical Weeding in the future and necessary improvements are given.

  • camera steered Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet maize and soybean
    Precision Agriculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Gerassimos G Peteinatos, Markus Sokefeld, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet, maize and soybean, Weeds are usually Controlled by herbicides uniformly applied across the whole field. Due to restrictions in herbicide use and negative side effects, Mechanical Weeding plays a major role in integrated Weed management (IWM). In 2015 and 2016, eight field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of an OEM Claas 3-D stereo camera® in combination with an Einbock Row-Guard® hoe for Controlling Weeds. Ducks-foot blades in the inter-row were combined with four different Mechanical intra-row Weeding elements in sugar beet, maize and soybean and a band sprayer in sugar beet. Average Weed densities in the untreated Control plots were from 12 to 153 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Thlapsi arvense being the most abundant Weed species. Camera steered hoeing resulted in 78% Weed Control efficacy compared to 65% using machine hoeing with manual guidance. Mechanical intra-row elements Controlled up to 79% of the Weeds in the crop rows. Those elements did not cause significant crop damage except for the treatment with a rotary harrow in maize in 2016. Weed Control efficacy was highest in the herbicide treatments with almost 100% followed by herbicide band-applications combined with inter-row hoeing. Mechanical Weed Control treatments increased white sugar yield by 39%, maize biomass yield by 43% and soybean grain yield by 58% compared to the untreated Control in both years. However, yield increase was again higher with chemical Weed Control. In conclusion, camera guided Weed hoeing has improved efficacy and selectivity of Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet, maize and soybean.

  • chemical and Mechanical Weed Control in soybean glycine max
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jonas Feli Webe, Christoph Kunz, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In this study we investigated the possibility of chemical and Mechanical Weed Control strategies in soybean. Soybean field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in Southern Germany. Five treatments including common herbicide mixtures and four Mechanical Weed Control treatments, implementing a harrow and a hoe, were tested at different locations. In the herbicide experiments two treatments were applied by PRE emergence herbicides (metribuzin, clomazone, dimethenamid and metribuzin, flufenacet, clomazone) and another two treatments were sprayed with a combination of PRE + POST emergence herbicides (metribuzin, flufenacet, thifensulfuron and pendimethalin, thifensulfuron, bentazone, cycloxydim). Furthermore, a POST herbicide treatment was implemented (thifensulfuron, bentazone, thifensulfuron and fluazifop-P-butyl). In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments, treatments were: three times hoeing, PRE emergence harrowing plus three times hoeing, hoeing and harrowing in rotation or three times harrowing. In both experiments an untreated Control was included. A 90% Weed Control efficacy and 23% yield increase was observed in the POST herbicide treatment. PRE + POST treatments resulted in 92% to 99% Weed Control efficiency and 15% yield increase compared to the untreated Control. In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments the combination of PRE emergence harrowing and POST emergence hoeing resulted in 82% Weed Control efficiency and 34% higher yield compared to the untreated Control. Less Weed Control efficiency (72%) was observed in the harrow treatment, leading to 20% higher yield compared to the Control. The suitability of both strategies for implementation in “Integrated Weed Management” has been investigated. Chemische und mechanische Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohne ( Glycine max ) In den Jahren 2013 und 2014 wurden Feldversuche mit chemischen und mechanischen Strategien zur Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohnen angelegt. Die chemischen Experimente setzten sich aus funf Herbizidvarianten und einer Kontrolle zusammen. In zwei der Varianten wurden Vorauflaufherbiziden mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Clomazone und Dimethenamid (Variante 1) und einer Kombination aus Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Clomazone (Variante 2) eingesetzt. Zwei weitere Varianten beinhalteten Herbizide aus dem Vor- und Nachauflauf mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Thifensulfuron (Variante 3) sowie Pendimethalin, Thifensulfuron, Bentazon und Cycloxydim (Variante 4). Die funfte Variante beinhaltete eine reine Nachauflaufstrategie mit den Wirkstoffen Thifensulfuron, Bentazon, Thifensulfuron und Fluazifop-Pbutyl. In den mechanischen Experimenten wurde in Variante 1 drei Hackuberfahrten durchgefuhrt. In den weiteren Varianten wurde entweder im Vorauflauf gestriegelt und anschliesenden ebenfalls dreimalig gehackt (Variante 2), die Hacke und der Striegel im Nachauflauf abwechselnd eingesetzt (Variante 3) oder ausschlieslich der Striegel zur Unkrautkontrolle verwendet (Variante 4). Zudem wurde eine Kontrollvariante in der die Unkrauter von Hand reguliert (Variante 5) wurden und eine Variante ohne jegliche Unkrautkontrolle durchgefuhrt (Variante 6). Eine Effizienz in Bezug auf die Unkrautkontrolle von 90 % konnte in den Nachauflaufherbiziden beobachtet werden. Die Varianten mit Vorauflaufherbiziden und den Kombinationen aus Vor- und Nachauflaufherbiziden zeigten Werte von 92 % bis 99 % verglichen mit der unbehandelten Kontrolle. Der Ertragszuwachs in der Nachauflaufvariante betrug 23 % wahrend in den Varianten mit Kombination aus Vor- und Nachauflauf ein Ertragszuwachs von 15 % verglichen zu unbehandelten Kontrolle erfasst wurde. In den Versuchen mit mechanischer Unkrautkontrolle zeigte die Variante aus Vorauflaufstriegeln mit anschliesend dreimaligem Hacken im Nachauflauf einen Bekampfungserfolg von 82 % und eine Ertragssteigerung von 34 % verglichen mit der Kontrollvariante. Bei dem Einsatz des Stiegels (Variante 4) konnte eine Unkrautkontrolle von 72 % bei einer Ertragssteigerung von 20 % beobachtet werden.

  • comparison of different Mechanical Weed Control strategies in sugar beets
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) Weed Control is commonly performed by herbicide application applied broadcast at splitting during the cultivation period. Mechanical Weeding can be an alternative to chemical Weed Control. The aim of this experiment was the estimation of Weed Control efficacy with the use of automatic steering technologies by camera guidance, the use of different intra row Weed Control implements in conservation tillage systems and the influence of these techniques to the number of uprooted sugar beets. A field experiment with a randomized complete plot design was conducted in 2015 at Ihinger Hof, Germany. Weed density ranged from 0 to 12 plants m -2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare as the most abundant Weed species. Hoeing with the use of automatic steering technologies reduced the Weed density by 82%. The use of finger Weeders, rotary-harrow and torsion finger Weeder reduced the Weed density by 29% compared to common hoeing strategies. Differences in the number of uprooted sugar beets were not found across all treatments. We revealed the possibility of a more intense use of Mechanical Weeding technologies in combination with precision farming technologies in sugar beet. Vergleich verschiedener mechanischer Unkrautstrategien in Zuckerruben In Zuckerruben ( Beta vulgaris ) wird die Unkrautkontrolle meistens durch eine mehrfache Herbizidapplikation auf der gesamten Ackerflache durchgefuhrt. Mechanische Unkrautkontrollmasnahmen konnen eine Alternative zu den ublichen chemischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien darstellen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einsatz von automatischen kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen und den Einsatz unterschiedlicher „intra row“ Hackwerkzeuge in konservierender Bodenbearbeitung auf ihre Verringerung der Unkrautdichte zu untersuchen, sowie den Einfluss der angewendeten Verfahren auf die Anzahl von entwurzelten Zuckerruben-Pflanzen zu ermitteln. Hierfur wurde ein Feldversuch im Jahr 2015 am Standort Ihinger Hof mit einer randomisierten vollstandigen Blockanlage angelegt. Die Verunkrautung variierte von 0 bis 12 Pflanzen m -2 , mit den am haufigsten vorkommenden Arten Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus und Polygonum aviculare . Der Einsatz von kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen reduzierte die Verunkrautung in Zuckerruben um 82 %. Fingerhacke, Rollstriegel und Torsions-Striegel, reduzierten den Unkrautbesatz im Vergleich zum herkommlichen Hackeinsatz um 29 %. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Bestandesdichte konnten nicht festgestellt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Moglichkeit von mechanischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien in Kombination mit konservierender Bodenbearbeitung erfolgreich untersucht.

  • benefits of precision farming technologies for Mechanical Weed Control in soybean and sugar beet comparison of precision hoeing with conventional Mechanical Weed Control
    Agronomy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    Weed infestations and associated yield losses require effective Weed Control measures in soybean and sugar beet. Besides chemical Weed Control, Mechanical Weeding plays an important role in integrated Weed management systems. Field experiments were conducted at three locations for soybean in 2013 and 2014 and at four locations for sugar beet in 2014 to investigate if automatic steering technologies for inter-row Weed hoeing using a camera or RTK-GNSS increase Weed Control efficacy, efficiency and crop yield. Treatments using precision farming technologies were compared with conventional Weed Control strategies. Weed densities in the experiments ranged from 15 to 154 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Matricaria chamomilla and Lamium purpureum being the most abundant species. Weed hoeing using automatic steering technologies reduced Weed densities in soybean by 89% and in sugar beet by 87% compared to 85% Weed Control efficacy in soybean and sugar beet with conventional Weeding systems. Speed of Weed hoeing could be increased from 4 km h−1 with conventional hoes to 7 and 10 km·h−1, when automatic steering systems were used. Precision hoeing technologies increased soybean yield by 23% and sugar beet yield by 37%. After conventional hoeing and harrowing, soybean yields were increased by 28% and sugar beet yield by 26%.

Christoph Kunz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • camera steered Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet maize and soybean
    Precision Agriculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Gerassimos G Peteinatos, Markus Sokefeld, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet, maize and soybean, Weeds are usually Controlled by herbicides uniformly applied across the whole field. Due to restrictions in herbicide use and negative side effects, Mechanical Weeding plays a major role in integrated Weed management (IWM). In 2015 and 2016, eight field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of an OEM Claas 3-D stereo camera® in combination with an Einbock Row-Guard® hoe for Controlling Weeds. Ducks-foot blades in the inter-row were combined with four different Mechanical intra-row Weeding elements in sugar beet, maize and soybean and a band sprayer in sugar beet. Average Weed densities in the untreated Control plots were from 12 to 153 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Thlapsi arvense being the most abundant Weed species. Camera steered hoeing resulted in 78% Weed Control efficacy compared to 65% using machine hoeing with manual guidance. Mechanical intra-row elements Controlled up to 79% of the Weeds in the crop rows. Those elements did not cause significant crop damage except for the treatment with a rotary harrow in maize in 2016. Weed Control efficacy was highest in the herbicide treatments with almost 100% followed by herbicide band-applications combined with inter-row hoeing. Mechanical Weed Control treatments increased white sugar yield by 39%, maize biomass yield by 43% and soybean grain yield by 58% compared to the untreated Control in both years. However, yield increase was again higher with chemical Weed Control. In conclusion, camera guided Weed hoeing has improved efficacy and selectivity of Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet, maize and soybean.

  • chemical and Mechanical Weed Control in soybean glycine max
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jonas Feli Webe, Christoph Kunz, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In this study we investigated the possibility of chemical and Mechanical Weed Control strategies in soybean. Soybean field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in Southern Germany. Five treatments including common herbicide mixtures and four Mechanical Weed Control treatments, implementing a harrow and a hoe, were tested at different locations. In the herbicide experiments two treatments were applied by PRE emergence herbicides (metribuzin, clomazone, dimethenamid and metribuzin, flufenacet, clomazone) and another two treatments were sprayed with a combination of PRE + POST emergence herbicides (metribuzin, flufenacet, thifensulfuron and pendimethalin, thifensulfuron, bentazone, cycloxydim). Furthermore, a POST herbicide treatment was implemented (thifensulfuron, bentazone, thifensulfuron and fluazifop-P-butyl). In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments, treatments were: three times hoeing, PRE emergence harrowing plus three times hoeing, hoeing and harrowing in rotation or three times harrowing. In both experiments an untreated Control was included. A 90% Weed Control efficacy and 23% yield increase was observed in the POST herbicide treatment. PRE + POST treatments resulted in 92% to 99% Weed Control efficiency and 15% yield increase compared to the untreated Control. In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments the combination of PRE emergence harrowing and POST emergence hoeing resulted in 82% Weed Control efficiency and 34% higher yield compared to the untreated Control. Less Weed Control efficiency (72%) was observed in the harrow treatment, leading to 20% higher yield compared to the Control. The suitability of both strategies for implementation in “Integrated Weed Management” has been investigated. Chemische und mechanische Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohne ( Glycine max ) In den Jahren 2013 und 2014 wurden Feldversuche mit chemischen und mechanischen Strategien zur Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohnen angelegt. Die chemischen Experimente setzten sich aus funf Herbizidvarianten und einer Kontrolle zusammen. In zwei der Varianten wurden Vorauflaufherbiziden mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Clomazone und Dimethenamid (Variante 1) und einer Kombination aus Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Clomazone (Variante 2) eingesetzt. Zwei weitere Varianten beinhalteten Herbizide aus dem Vor- und Nachauflauf mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Thifensulfuron (Variante 3) sowie Pendimethalin, Thifensulfuron, Bentazon und Cycloxydim (Variante 4). Die funfte Variante beinhaltete eine reine Nachauflaufstrategie mit den Wirkstoffen Thifensulfuron, Bentazon, Thifensulfuron und Fluazifop-Pbutyl. In den mechanischen Experimenten wurde in Variante 1 drei Hackuberfahrten durchgefuhrt. In den weiteren Varianten wurde entweder im Vorauflauf gestriegelt und anschliesenden ebenfalls dreimalig gehackt (Variante 2), die Hacke und der Striegel im Nachauflauf abwechselnd eingesetzt (Variante 3) oder ausschlieslich der Striegel zur Unkrautkontrolle verwendet (Variante 4). Zudem wurde eine Kontrollvariante in der die Unkrauter von Hand reguliert (Variante 5) wurden und eine Variante ohne jegliche Unkrautkontrolle durchgefuhrt (Variante 6). Eine Effizienz in Bezug auf die Unkrautkontrolle von 90 % konnte in den Nachauflaufherbiziden beobachtet werden. Die Varianten mit Vorauflaufherbiziden und den Kombinationen aus Vor- und Nachauflaufherbiziden zeigten Werte von 92 % bis 99 % verglichen mit der unbehandelten Kontrolle. Der Ertragszuwachs in der Nachauflaufvariante betrug 23 % wahrend in den Varianten mit Kombination aus Vor- und Nachauflauf ein Ertragszuwachs von 15 % verglichen zu unbehandelten Kontrolle erfasst wurde. In den Versuchen mit mechanischer Unkrautkontrolle zeigte die Variante aus Vorauflaufstriegeln mit anschliesend dreimaligem Hacken im Nachauflauf einen Bekampfungserfolg von 82 % und eine Ertragssteigerung von 34 % verglichen mit der Kontrollvariante. Bei dem Einsatz des Stiegels (Variante 4) konnte eine Unkrautkontrolle von 72 % bei einer Ertragssteigerung von 20 % beobachtet werden.

  • comparison of different Mechanical Weed Control strategies in sugar beets
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) Weed Control is commonly performed by herbicide application applied broadcast at splitting during the cultivation period. Mechanical Weeding can be an alternative to chemical Weed Control. The aim of this experiment was the estimation of Weed Control efficacy with the use of automatic steering technologies by camera guidance, the use of different intra row Weed Control implements in conservation tillage systems and the influence of these techniques to the number of uprooted sugar beets. A field experiment with a randomized complete plot design was conducted in 2015 at Ihinger Hof, Germany. Weed density ranged from 0 to 12 plants m -2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare as the most abundant Weed species. Hoeing with the use of automatic steering technologies reduced the Weed density by 82%. The use of finger Weeders, rotary-harrow and torsion finger Weeder reduced the Weed density by 29% compared to common hoeing strategies. Differences in the number of uprooted sugar beets were not found across all treatments. We revealed the possibility of a more intense use of Mechanical Weeding technologies in combination with precision farming technologies in sugar beet. Vergleich verschiedener mechanischer Unkrautstrategien in Zuckerruben In Zuckerruben ( Beta vulgaris ) wird die Unkrautkontrolle meistens durch eine mehrfache Herbizidapplikation auf der gesamten Ackerflache durchgefuhrt. Mechanische Unkrautkontrollmasnahmen konnen eine Alternative zu den ublichen chemischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien darstellen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einsatz von automatischen kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen und den Einsatz unterschiedlicher „intra row“ Hackwerkzeuge in konservierender Bodenbearbeitung auf ihre Verringerung der Unkrautdichte zu untersuchen, sowie den Einfluss der angewendeten Verfahren auf die Anzahl von entwurzelten Zuckerruben-Pflanzen zu ermitteln. Hierfur wurde ein Feldversuch im Jahr 2015 am Standort Ihinger Hof mit einer randomisierten vollstandigen Blockanlage angelegt. Die Verunkrautung variierte von 0 bis 12 Pflanzen m -2 , mit den am haufigsten vorkommenden Arten Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus und Polygonum aviculare . Der Einsatz von kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen reduzierte die Verunkrautung in Zuckerruben um 82 %. Fingerhacke, Rollstriegel und Torsions-Striegel, reduzierten den Unkrautbesatz im Vergleich zum herkommlichen Hackeinsatz um 29 %. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Bestandesdichte konnten nicht festgestellt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Moglichkeit von mechanischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien in Kombination mit konservierender Bodenbearbeitung erfolgreich untersucht.

  • benefits of precision farming technologies for Mechanical Weed Control in soybean and sugar beet comparison of precision hoeing with conventional Mechanical Weed Control
    Agronomy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    Weed infestations and associated yield losses require effective Weed Control measures in soybean and sugar beet. Besides chemical Weed Control, Mechanical Weeding plays an important role in integrated Weed management systems. Field experiments were conducted at three locations for soybean in 2013 and 2014 and at four locations for sugar beet in 2014 to investigate if automatic steering technologies for inter-row Weed hoeing using a camera or RTK-GNSS increase Weed Control efficacy, efficiency and crop yield. Treatments using precision farming technologies were compared with conventional Weed Control strategies. Weed densities in the experiments ranged from 15 to 154 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Matricaria chamomilla and Lamium purpureum being the most abundant species. Weed hoeing using automatic steering technologies reduced Weed densities in soybean by 89% and in sugar beet by 87% compared to 85% Weed Control efficacy in soybean and sugar beet with conventional Weeding systems. Speed of Weed hoeing could be increased from 4 km h−1 with conventional hoes to 7 and 10 km·h−1, when automatic steering systems were used. Precision hoeing technologies increased soybean yield by 23% and sugar beet yield by 37%. After conventional hoeing and harrowing, soybean yields were increased by 28% and sugar beet yield by 26%.

Jonas Feli Webe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • camera steered Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet maize and soybean
    Precision Agriculture, 2018
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Gerassimos G Peteinatos, Markus Sokefeld, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet, maize and soybean, Weeds are usually Controlled by herbicides uniformly applied across the whole field. Due to restrictions in herbicide use and negative side effects, Mechanical Weeding plays a major role in integrated Weed management (IWM). In 2015 and 2016, eight field experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of an OEM Claas 3-D stereo camera® in combination with an Einbock Row-Guard® hoe for Controlling Weeds. Ducks-foot blades in the inter-row were combined with four different Mechanical intra-row Weeding elements in sugar beet, maize and soybean and a band sprayer in sugar beet. Average Weed densities in the untreated Control plots were from 12 to 153 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Thlapsi arvense being the most abundant Weed species. Camera steered hoeing resulted in 78% Weed Control efficacy compared to 65% using machine hoeing with manual guidance. Mechanical intra-row elements Controlled up to 79% of the Weeds in the crop rows. Those elements did not cause significant crop damage except for the treatment with a rotary harrow in maize in 2016. Weed Control efficacy was highest in the herbicide treatments with almost 100% followed by herbicide band-applications combined with inter-row hoeing. Mechanical Weed Control treatments increased white sugar yield by 39%, maize biomass yield by 43% and soybean grain yield by 58% compared to the untreated Control in both years. However, yield increase was again higher with chemical Weed Control. In conclusion, camera guided Weed hoeing has improved efficacy and selectivity of Mechanical Weed Control in sugar beet, maize and soybean.

  • chemical and Mechanical Weed Control in soybean glycine max
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jonas Feli Webe, Christoph Kunz, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In this study we investigated the possibility of chemical and Mechanical Weed Control strategies in soybean. Soybean field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in Southern Germany. Five treatments including common herbicide mixtures and four Mechanical Weed Control treatments, implementing a harrow and a hoe, were tested at different locations. In the herbicide experiments two treatments were applied by PRE emergence herbicides (metribuzin, clomazone, dimethenamid and metribuzin, flufenacet, clomazone) and another two treatments were sprayed with a combination of PRE + POST emergence herbicides (metribuzin, flufenacet, thifensulfuron and pendimethalin, thifensulfuron, bentazone, cycloxydim). Furthermore, a POST herbicide treatment was implemented (thifensulfuron, bentazone, thifensulfuron and fluazifop-P-butyl). In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments, treatments were: three times hoeing, PRE emergence harrowing plus three times hoeing, hoeing and harrowing in rotation or three times harrowing. In both experiments an untreated Control was included. A 90% Weed Control efficacy and 23% yield increase was observed in the POST herbicide treatment. PRE + POST treatments resulted in 92% to 99% Weed Control efficiency and 15% yield increase compared to the untreated Control. In the Mechanical Weed Control experiments the combination of PRE emergence harrowing and POST emergence hoeing resulted in 82% Weed Control efficiency and 34% higher yield compared to the untreated Control. Less Weed Control efficiency (72%) was observed in the harrow treatment, leading to 20% higher yield compared to the Control. The suitability of both strategies for implementation in “Integrated Weed Management” has been investigated. Chemische und mechanische Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohne ( Glycine max ) In den Jahren 2013 und 2014 wurden Feldversuche mit chemischen und mechanischen Strategien zur Unkrautkontrolle in Sojabohnen angelegt. Die chemischen Experimente setzten sich aus funf Herbizidvarianten und einer Kontrolle zusammen. In zwei der Varianten wurden Vorauflaufherbiziden mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Clomazone und Dimethenamid (Variante 1) und einer Kombination aus Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Clomazone (Variante 2) eingesetzt. Zwei weitere Varianten beinhalteten Herbizide aus dem Vor- und Nachauflauf mit den Wirkstoffen Metribuzin, Flufenacet und Thifensulfuron (Variante 3) sowie Pendimethalin, Thifensulfuron, Bentazon und Cycloxydim (Variante 4). Die funfte Variante beinhaltete eine reine Nachauflaufstrategie mit den Wirkstoffen Thifensulfuron, Bentazon, Thifensulfuron und Fluazifop-Pbutyl. In den mechanischen Experimenten wurde in Variante 1 drei Hackuberfahrten durchgefuhrt. In den weiteren Varianten wurde entweder im Vorauflauf gestriegelt und anschliesenden ebenfalls dreimalig gehackt (Variante 2), die Hacke und der Striegel im Nachauflauf abwechselnd eingesetzt (Variante 3) oder ausschlieslich der Striegel zur Unkrautkontrolle verwendet (Variante 4). Zudem wurde eine Kontrollvariante in der die Unkrauter von Hand reguliert (Variante 5) wurden und eine Variante ohne jegliche Unkrautkontrolle durchgefuhrt (Variante 6). Eine Effizienz in Bezug auf die Unkrautkontrolle von 90 % konnte in den Nachauflaufherbiziden beobachtet werden. Die Varianten mit Vorauflaufherbiziden und den Kombinationen aus Vor- und Nachauflaufherbiziden zeigten Werte von 92 % bis 99 % verglichen mit der unbehandelten Kontrolle. Der Ertragszuwachs in der Nachauflaufvariante betrug 23 % wahrend in den Varianten mit Kombination aus Vor- und Nachauflauf ein Ertragszuwachs von 15 % verglichen zu unbehandelten Kontrolle erfasst wurde. In den Versuchen mit mechanischer Unkrautkontrolle zeigte die Variante aus Vorauflaufstriegeln mit anschliesend dreimaligem Hacken im Nachauflauf einen Bekampfungserfolg von 82 % und eine Ertragssteigerung von 34 % verglichen mit der Kontrollvariante. Bei dem Einsatz des Stiegels (Variante 4) konnte eine Unkrautkontrolle von 72 % bei einer Ertragssteigerung von 20 % beobachtet werden.

  • comparison of different Mechanical Weed Control strategies in sugar beets
    Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    In sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ) Weed Control is commonly performed by herbicide application applied broadcast at splitting during the cultivation period. Mechanical Weeding can be an alternative to chemical Weed Control. The aim of this experiment was the estimation of Weed Control efficacy with the use of automatic steering technologies by camera guidance, the use of different intra row Weed Control implements in conservation tillage systems and the influence of these techniques to the number of uprooted sugar beets. A field experiment with a randomized complete plot design was conducted in 2015 at Ihinger Hof, Germany. Weed density ranged from 0 to 12 plants m -2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare as the most abundant Weed species. Hoeing with the use of automatic steering technologies reduced the Weed density by 82%. The use of finger Weeders, rotary-harrow and torsion finger Weeder reduced the Weed density by 29% compared to common hoeing strategies. Differences in the number of uprooted sugar beets were not found across all treatments. We revealed the possibility of a more intense use of Mechanical Weeding technologies in combination with precision farming technologies in sugar beet. Vergleich verschiedener mechanischer Unkrautstrategien in Zuckerruben In Zuckerruben ( Beta vulgaris ) wird die Unkrautkontrolle meistens durch eine mehrfache Herbizidapplikation auf der gesamten Ackerflache durchgefuhrt. Mechanische Unkrautkontrollmasnahmen konnen eine Alternative zu den ublichen chemischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien darstellen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einsatz von automatischen kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen und den Einsatz unterschiedlicher „intra row“ Hackwerkzeuge in konservierender Bodenbearbeitung auf ihre Verringerung der Unkrautdichte zu untersuchen, sowie den Einfluss der angewendeten Verfahren auf die Anzahl von entwurzelten Zuckerruben-Pflanzen zu ermitteln. Hierfur wurde ein Feldversuch im Jahr 2015 am Standort Ihinger Hof mit einer randomisierten vollstandigen Blockanlage angelegt. Die Verunkrautung variierte von 0 bis 12 Pflanzen m -2 , mit den am haufigsten vorkommenden Arten Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus und Polygonum aviculare . Der Einsatz von kameragesteuerten Lenkmechanismen reduzierte die Verunkrautung in Zuckerruben um 82 %. Fingerhacke, Rollstriegel und Torsions-Striegel, reduzierten den Unkrautbesatz im Vergleich zum herkommlichen Hackeinsatz um 29 %. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Bestandesdichte konnten nicht festgestellt werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Moglichkeit von mechanischen Unkrautbekampfungsstrategien in Kombination mit konservierender Bodenbearbeitung erfolgreich untersucht.

  • benefits of precision farming technologies for Mechanical Weed Control in soybean and sugar beet comparison of precision hoeing with conventional Mechanical Weed Control
    Agronomy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Christoph Kunz, Jonas Feli Webe, Roland Gerhards
    Abstract:

    Weed infestations and associated yield losses require effective Weed Control measures in soybean and sugar beet. Besides chemical Weed Control, Mechanical Weeding plays an important role in integrated Weed management systems. Field experiments were conducted at three locations for soybean in 2013 and 2014 and at four locations for sugar beet in 2014 to investigate if automatic steering technologies for inter-row Weed hoeing using a camera or RTK-GNSS increase Weed Control efficacy, efficiency and crop yield. Treatments using precision farming technologies were compared with conventional Weed Control strategies. Weed densities in the experiments ranged from 15 to 154 plants m−2 with Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Matricaria chamomilla and Lamium purpureum being the most abundant species. Weed hoeing using automatic steering technologies reduced Weed densities in soybean by 89% and in sugar beet by 87% compared to 85% Weed Control efficacy in soybean and sugar beet with conventional Weeding systems. Speed of Weed hoeing could be increased from 4 km h−1 with conventional hoes to 7 and 10 km·h−1, when automatic steering systems were used. Precision hoeing technologies increased soybean yield by 23% and sugar beet yield by 37%. After conventional hoeing and harrowing, soybean yields were increased by 28% and sugar beet yield by 26%.

Čekanauskas Sigitas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mechanical and thermal Weed Control and use of bio-preparations in winter oilseed rape
    2020
    Co-Authors: Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    Researches were conducted at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University. This study aims to identify and assess the impact of thermal and Mechanical Weed Control methods on winter oilseed rape (WOR) crops and Weed competitiveness during the autumn vegetation period in an organic farming system, with and without the use of bio-preparations. Experimental treatments were: non-chemical Weed Control methods (Factor A): 1 – thermal (water steam), 2 –Mechanical (inter-row loosening); and bio-preparations (Factor B): 1 – no application and 2 – with application. During experiment in the autumnal vegetation period before the use of Weed Control methods in the organic WOR crop, up to 21 Weed species were found in 14 families, including up to 19 annuals and only up to three perennials. In 2013, meteorological conditions were more favourable for the growth and development of WOR than in 2012, therefore in 2013, the density of the WOR crop was on average 38.8% higher. Prior to the Weed Control application in 2013, the number of Weed seedlings was, on average, 1.9 times higher than in 2012, but the dense oilseed rape crop had higher smothering capacity. In 2013, in WOR crop without the use of biopreparations, the number of germinated Weed seedlings was higher (1.2–1.3 times) compared to the crop where bio-preparations were used. The use of biopreparations in the thermal Weed Control plots significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the number of Weed seedlings (20.4%). The assessment of the efficiency of Weed Control methods revealed, that without the use of bio-preparations, Mechanical Weed Control efficiency was 3.6 to 4.5 times higher than the thermal Weed Control efficiency. Bio-preparations enhanced thermal Weed Control efficiency (from 4.5 to 21.8%), but Mechanical Weed Control efficiency was reduced from 6.8 to 23.1%Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Piktžolių kontrolės necheminių būdų įtaka ligų plitimui ekologiniame žieminių rapsų pasėlyje
    2020
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Čekanauskas Sigitas, Keida Marina, Raudonius Steponas
    Abstract:

    e-ISSN 2335-8947Rapsus auginant ekologinės žemdirbystės sąlygomis yra didelė piktžolių, kenkėjų ir ligų plitimo rizika, todėl gaunamas mažas rapsų sėklų derlingumas. Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti piktžolių necheminių kontrolės būdų (terminio, mechaninio ir stelbimo) įtaka grybinių ligų (fomozės, verticiliozės ir juodosios dėmėtligės) plitimui žieminio rapso (Brassica napus L.) pasėlyje bei rapsų sėklų derlingumui ekologinėje žemdirbystėje. Lauko eksperimentas atliktas 2014–2017 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Dirvožemis – karbonatingas giliau glėjiškas išplautžemis (IDg4-k). Taikyti necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai (A veiksnys): 1) terminis (drėgnuoju vandens garu), 2) mechaninis (tarpueilių purenimas), 3) stelbimas (savireguliacija) ir biologiniai preparatai (B veiksnys): 1) nenaudoti, 2) naudoti. Taikant terminį ir mechaninį piktžolių kontrolės būdą rapsai auginti 48 cm tarpueiliais, stelbimą – 12 cm tarpueiliais. Fomozės plitimui mažiau palankiomis sąlygomis ir terminis, ir mechaninis piktžolių kontrolės būdai neesmingai stabdė ligos išplitimą rapsų pasėlyje, palyginti su stelbimo būdo taikymu. Šios ligos plitimui palankiomis sąlygomis rapsų pasėlyje nustatyta mažesnio fomozės plitimo tendencija tik mechaninio piktžolių kontrolės būdą taikant kartu su biologiniais preparatais. 2016 m. panaudojus biologinius preparatus, palyginti su jų nenaudojimu, esmingai 16,1 ir 40,7 % mažesnis fomozės pažeistų rapsų stiebų kiekis ir ligos pažeidimo indeksas nustatyti tik stelbimo būdo laukeliuoseUnder less favourable conditions for the occurrence of phoma stem canker, both thermal and Mechanical Weed Control methods were shown to inhibit the spread of the disease in the oilseed rape crop compared with the self-regulation Weed Control treatment. However, under the conditions conducive to the spread of phoma stem canker, only Mechanical Weed Control method in combination with the bio-preparations proved to be effective. In 2015 and 2016, the lowest incidence of the verticillium wilt was recorded in the oilseed rape plots where Weeds had been managed by steaming. In 2017 significantly, from 2.3 to 3.3 times lower number of verticillium wilt-affected stems was determined in the Mechanical Weed Control plots as compared with that in the plots where other Weed Control methods had been applied. Application of bio-preparations decreased the number of verticillium wilt-affected stems by on average 11.1–15.6%. The lowest incidence of dark leaf and pod spot was established in the plots where Weeds had been Controlled by water steam and no bio-preparations had been used. The bio-preparations were found to increase the severity of dark leaf and pod spot on oilseed rape siliques by on average 13.1–79.4%. Significantly the highest rapeseed yield in 2015 and significantly higher compared with self-regulation in 2017 was recorded in the Mechanical Weed Control treatment, while in 2016 the highest rapeseed yield was established in the self-regulation treatment applied with the bio-preparations. In 2017, the verticillium wilt severity in the winter oilseed rape crop was found to negatively, strongly and statistically significantly correlate with rapeseed yield (r2 = 0.69, P < 0.05)Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Necheminės piktžolių kontrolės įtaka dirvožemio biologinėms savybėms vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje
    2020
    Co-Authors: Velička Rimantas, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Mockevičienė Rita, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    e-ISSN 2335-8947Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti necheminių piktžolių kontrolės būdų įtaką dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui ir sliekų gausumui ekologiškai augintų vasarinių rapsų pasėlyje dirvožemyje su nepastorintu (23–25 cm) ir pastorintu (45– 50 cm) humusingu sluoksniu. Lauko eksperimentas atliktas 2013–2015 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje. Dirvožemis – karbonatingas giliau glėjiškas išplautžemis (IDg4-k). Taikyti necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai: 1) terminis (drėgnuoju vandens garu), 2) mechaninis (tarpueilių purenimas) ir 3) stelbimas (savireguliacija). Taikant terminį ir mechaninį piktžolių kontrolės būdą rapsai auginti 48 cm, stelbimą – 12 cm tarpueiliais. Didžiausia vasarinių rapsų šaknų biomasė (vidutiniškai 1,68 t ha-1) susiformavo dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu taikant mechaninę piktžolių kontrolę. Rapsų šaknų biomasė priklausė nuo pasėlio tankumo (r = 0,82–0,96, P < 0,05). Dirvožemyje su nepastorintu humusingu sluoksniu dirvožemio fermentų aktyvumui skirtingi necheminiai piktžolių kontrolės būdai turėjo nedidelę įtaką. Dirvožemyje su pastorintu humusingu sluoksniu esmingai stipresnis fermentų sacharazės ir ureazės aktyvumas, palyginti su kitomis taikytomis priemonėmis, nustatytas laukeliuose, kuriuose piktžolės naikintos termiškai drėgnuoju vandens garu, o sausais 2015 m. – stelbimo laukeliuose. Pastorintame humusingame sluoksnyje, palyginti su nepastorintu, fermento ureazės aktyvumas buvo esmingai (1,5–1,6 karto) didesnis laukeliuose, kuriuose 2013 ir 2015 m. taikyta terminė piktžolių kontrolė, o 2015 m. – stelbimas (2,8 karto). Fermento sacharazės aktyvumas esmingai 1,8 karto padidėjo 2015 m. stelbimo laukeliuoseThe current study was aimed to establish the effects of non-chemical Weed Control methods on the activity of soil enzymes and abundance of earthworms in an organically grown spring oilseed rape crop in the soil with a regular (23–25 cm) and thickened (45–50 cm) humus layers. A field experiment was conducted during the 2013–2015 period at Aleksandras Stulginskis University on a Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc). The following three non-chemical Weed Control methods were explored: 1) thermal (using water steam), 2) Mechanical (inter-row loosening) and 3) smothering (self-regulation). In the thermal and Mechanical Weed Control treatments, spring oilseed rape was grown with an inter-row spacing of 48 cm and in Weed smothering treatments with an inter-row spacing of 12.0 cm. The highest root dry biomass of spring oilseed rape (on average 1.68 t ha-1) had been produced in the soil with a regular humus layer in the Mechanical Weed Control treatment. Spring oilseed rape root dry biomass depended on the crop density (r = 0.82–0.96, P < 0.05). In the soil with a regular humus layer, the different non-chemical Weed Control methods tested exerted little impact on soil enzyme activity. In the soil with a thickened humus layer, a significantly stronger activity of saccharase and urease enzymes, compared with the other Weed Control methods applied, was recorded for the plots under the thermal Weed Control treatments using water steam, while in a dry year of 2015 – in the plots under smothering treatments. Compared with a regular humus layer, the activity of urease enzyme in the thickened humus layer was significantly (1.5–1.6 times) higher in the plots where in 2013 and 2015 thermal Weed Control had been applied, while in 2015 – in the smothering treatment (2.8 times). The activity of saccharase significantly (1.8 times) increased in 2015 in the plots under smothering treatmentVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • Žieminių rapsų ir piktžolių konkurencija ekologinėje žemdirbystėje taikant nechemines piktžolių kontrolės priemones
    2020
    Co-Authors: Velička Rimantas, Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Čekanauskas Sigitas, Kriaučiūnienė Zita
    Abstract:

    Viena iš priežasčių, kodėl ekologiniuose ūkiuose nedidėja rapsų plotai, yra piktžolių, ligų bei kenkėjų kontrolės problema ir mažas sėklų derlingumas. Trūksta mokslinių tyrimų apie rapsų auginimą ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemoje, ypač taikant šiuolaikines inovatyvias piktžolių kontrolės priemones. Todėl 2012–2013 m. Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto Bandymų stotyje buvo atlikti tyrimai, kurių tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti įvairių necheminių piktžolių kontrolės būdų (terminio, mechaninio bei stelbimo) įtaką žieminių rapsų ir piktžolių konkurencingumui rudens vegetacijos laikotarpiu ekologinėje žemdirbystėje naudojant biologinius preparatus ir jų nenaudojant. Žieminiai rapsai auginti dirvožemyje su nepastorintu (23–25 cm) (1 eksperimentas) ir pastorintu (48–50 cm) (2 eksperimentas) armens sluoksniais. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad taikant stelbimą ir naudojant biologinius preparatus bei jų nenaudojant žieminių rapsų tankumas, lyginant su kitais piktžolių kontrolės būdais, buvo esmingai (P ≤ 0.05) mažesnis nuo 1,2 iki 5,3 karto dirvožemyje su nepastorintu armens sluoksniu ir nuo 1,5 iki 5,9 karto dirvožemyje su pastorintu armens sluoksniu. Žieminių rapsų pasėlyje rudens vegetacijos laikotarpiu buvo rastos 20–22 piktžolių rūšys, iš jų 18–19 – trumpaamžių. Labiausiai paplitusios buvo Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica arvensis L., Sinapis arvensis L. ir Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Dirvožemyje su nepastorintu ir pastorintu armens sluoksniu terminė bei mechaninė piktžolių kontrolė, lyginant su stelbimu, esmingai (P ≤ 0,05) nuo 1,1 iki 1,9 karto sumažino piktžolių daigų kiekį, kai biologiniai preparatai buvo naudojami. Stelbimo efektyvumas piktžolėms buvo neigiamas dirvožemyje ir su nepastorintu, ir su pastorintu armens sluoksniaisOne of the reasons why the area sown with oilseed rape in organic farms is not expanding is problems with Weed, disease, and pest Control as well as low seed yield. There is a lack of investigations on oilseed rape cultivated in an organic system, especially employing innovative Weed Control methods. To fill this gap in knowledge, field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2012–2013 with the aim of identifying and assessing the impact of different non-chemical Weed Control methods (thermal – TWC, Mechanical – MWC and smothering – SMT) on Weed competitiveness in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crops during the autumn vegetation period in an organic farming system with and without the use of plant bio-activators in a soil with a regular (23–25 cm) (1st experiment) and with a thickened (48–50 cm) (2nd experiment) humus layer. It was found, that compared with thermal and Mechanical Weed Control, in the treatment using smothering Weed Control and spraying with plant bio-activators or not spraying, the density of winter rape crop in the soil with a regular humus layer was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower (1.2 to 5.3 times); in the soil with a thickened humus layer, the density of winter rape crop was 1.5 to 5.9 times lower. In winter oilseed rape during autumn vegetation period, 20–22 Weed species were found, including 18–19 annuals. Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica arvensis L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. were the predominant Weeds. In the soil with a regular and a thickened humus layer, thermal and Mechanical Weed Control significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the number of Weed seedlings (1.1 to 1.9 times) when plant bio-activators were used compared with the smothering treatment. Weed Control in the smothering treatment in the soil with a regular and thickened humus layers was not effectiveVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

  • The efficiency of non-chemical Weed Control in winter rapeseed
    2019
    Co-Authors: Marcinkevičienė Aušra, Kriaučiūnienė Zita, Velička Rimantas, Pupalienė Rita, Utkevičienė, Lina Marija, Kosteckas Robertas, Keida Marina, Čekanauskas Sigitas
    Abstract:

    There are favourable conditions for spread of Weeds, pests and diseases in rapeseed crop grown in organic farming, and this is results in low rapeseed productivity. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of non-chemical Weed Control methods (thermal, Mechanical and smothering) in winter rapeseed crop. Field experiment was carried out in 2014–2017 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). Soil – Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera biennis Metzg.), variety ‘Cult’ (3 kg ha-1) was grown in soil with a regular (23–25 cm) (Experiment I) and thickened (45–50 cm) (Experiment II) humus layers. Experimental treatments: Factor A: non-chemical Weed Control: 1) thermal (water steam); 2) Mechanical (inter-row loosening); 3) smothering (self-regulation with narrow spacing); Factor B: use of bio-preparations: 1) no application, 2) with application (bio-organic fertilisers used: ‘Nagro’ applied for rapeseeds before sowing, ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ was sprayed in autumn (2 l ha-1), and in spring – ‘Terra Sorb Foliar’ (1 l ha-1) and 0.3 % Conflic). In the winter rapeseed crop, annual Weed species dominated: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat) M. Lainz, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica arvensis L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., and Poa annua L. During vegetation period of organic winter rapeseed crop, Mechanical Weed Control was the most effective method both in autumn (efficiency was 26.8–71.5% in the soil with regular and 40.6–76.0% with thickened humus layers) and in spring (efficiency was accordingly 36.9–76, 5% and 46.4–73.3%). The effectiveness of thermal Weed Control compared to Mechanical was lower. Bio-preparations increased the effectiveness of thermal and Mechanical Weed Control methods only in autumn of 2014 and spring of 2015Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

J K Kouwenhove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intra row Mechanical Weed Control possibilities and problems
    Soil & Tillage Research, 1997
    Co-Authors: J K Kouwenhove
    Abstract:

    Abstract For five years, graduate students of the Tillage Laboratory of Wageningen Agricultural University studied the effectiveness of intra-row Weed Control by brushes, tactile hoes and Weeder harrows in combination with a drill planting system and paper pots. From the technical point of view, brushes and tactile hoes were effective, reducing the amount of herbicides needed to about 10% of the amount used by full width spraying. However, their high costs and low capacity make them unattractive for completely mechanized farming, although as a substitute for manual work, they may be quite profitable for organic farmers. Weeder harrows are relatively cheap and have a high capacity. Selectivity, a criterion for machine adjustment, could be improved in arable crops by planting in paper pots. Yield losses resulting from increased soil compaction caused by Mechanical Weed Control with a light tractor instead of chemical Weed Control appear to be negligible.

  • possibilities of Mechanical post emergence Weed Control in sugar beet
    Soil & Tillage Research, 1991
    Co-Authors: J K Kouwenhove, J D A Wevers, J Pos
    Abstract:

    Abstract During a period of four years, 1986–1989, a number of field experiments on post-emergence Weed Control in sugar beet was carried out. The experiments are components of five Weed Control systems: chemical; integrated; integrated including ridging; Mechanical; Mechanical with plants in squares. The effect of the planting system, plant distribution and of the Weed Control system on Weed growth and crop yield was investigated. Integrated Weed Control (+ ridging) was relatively unsatisfactory from the perspective of Weed density, but mostly without serious yield losses with regard to chemical Weed Control. Mechanical Weed Control in a row crop proved to be inadequate, because of intra-row Weed growth. With beet in square distribution, the Mechanically treated area increased from about 70% to about 90% of the arable surface. This resulted in the lowest density and biomass of Weeds at the closing of the crop and an extra yield of transplanted beet in squares over drilled beet in rows of nearly 10 t ha −1 .