Medial Frontal Cortex

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Okihide Hikosaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Juergen Fell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • oscillatory activity and phase amplitude coupling in the human Medial Frontal Cortex during decision making
    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael X Cohen, Christian E. Elger, Juergen Fell
    Abstract:

    Electroencephalogram oscillations recorded both within and over the Medial Frontal Cortex have been linked to a range of cognitive functions, including positive and negative feedback processing. Medial Frontal oscillatory characteristics during decision making remain largely unknown. Here, we examined oscillatory activity of the human Medial Frontal Cortex recorded while subjects played a competitive decision-making game. Distinct patterns of power and cross-trial phase coherence in multiple frequency bands were observed during different decision-related processes (e.g., feedback anticipation vs. feedback processing). Decision and feedback processing were accompanied by a broadband increase in cross-trial phase coherence at around 220 msec, and dynamic fluctuations in power. Feedback anticipation was accompanied by a shift in the power spectrum from relatively lower (delta and theta) to higher (alpha and beta) power. Power and cross-trial phase coherence were greater following losses compared to wins in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, but were greater following wins compared to losses in the delta band. Finally, we found that oscillation power in alpha and beta frequency bands were synchronized with the phase of delta and theta oscillations ("phase-amplitude coupling"). This synchronization differed between losses and wins, suggesting that phase-amplitude coupling might reflect a mechanism of feedback valence coding in the Medial Frontal Cortex. Our findings link Medial Frontal oscillations to decision making, with relations among activity in different frequency bands suggesting a phase-utilizing coding of feedback valence information.

  • Medial Frontal Cortex and response conflict evidence from human intracranial eeg and Medial Frontal Cortex lesion
    Brain Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael X Cohen, Christian E. Elger, Richard K Ridderinkhof, Sven Haupt, Juergen Fell
    Abstract:

    The Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) has been implicated in the monitoring and selection of actions in the face of competing alternatives, but much remains unknown about its functional properties, including electrophysiological oscillations, during response conflict tasks. Here, we recorded intracranial EEG during a modified Flanker task from the MFC of two patients undergoing pre-surgical evaluation for the treatment of epilepsy. Performance on the task was associated with a suppression of beta (15-30 Hz) frequency oscillation power prior to and just following the response and an enhancement of theta (4-8 Hz) frequency power following the response. Beta (theta) power was anatomically distributed towards more dorsal/caudal (rostral/ventral) electrode sites along the Cortex, suggesting an anatomical/functional specialization along the Medial Frontal wall for pre-response versus post-response action monitoring. Inter-site phase coherence analyses demonstrated that the ventral/rostral MFC theta oscillations were coupled with theta oscillations observed at scalp electrodes Fz and Cz. One patient was tested before and after having epileptogenic tissue in the MFC surgically removed; task performance increased from chance levels to near-perfect, and an ERP conflict effect was observed only following surgery. These findings provide novel evidence for the role of MFC oscillations and their relation to surface EEG-recorded potentials during action monitoring.

  • Oscillatory Activity and Phase–Amplitude Coupling in the Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Decision Making
    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael X Cohen, Christian E. Elger, Juergen Fell
    Abstract:

    Electroencephalogram oscillations recorded both within and over the Medial Frontal Cortex have been linked to a range of cognitive functions, including positive and negative feedback processing. Medial Frontal oscillatory characteristics during decision making remain largely unknown. Here, we examined oscillatory activity of the human Medial Frontal Cortex recorded while subjects played a competitive decision-making game. Distinct patterns of power and cross-trial phase coherence in multiple frequency bands were observed during different decision-related processes (e.g., feedback anticipation vs. feedback processing). Decision and feedback processing were accompanied by a broadband increase in cross-trial phase coherence at around 220 msec, and dynamic fluctuations in power. Feedback anticipation was accompanied by a shift in the power spectrum from relatively lower (delta and theta) to higher (alpha and beta) power. Power and cross-trial phase coherence were greater following losses compared to wins in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, but were greater following wins compared to losses in the delta band. Finally, we found that oscillation power in alpha and beta frequency bands were synchronized with the phase of delta and theta oscillations (“phase–amplitude coupling”). This synchronization differed between losses and wins, suggesting that phase–amplitude coupling might reflect a mechanism of feedback valence coding in the Medial Frontal Cortex. Our findings link Medial Frontal oscillations to decision making, with relations among activity in different frequency bands suggesting a phase-utilizing coding of feedback valence information.

Veit Stuphorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inactivation of Medial Frontal Cortex changes risk preference
    Current Biology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Veit Stuphorn, Xiaomo Chen
    Abstract:

    Summary Humans and other animals need to make decisions under varying degrees of uncertainty. These decisions are strongly influenced by an individual’s risk preference; however, the neuronal circuitry by which risk preference shapes choice is still unclear [ 1 ]. Supplementary eye field (SEF), an oculomotor area within primate Medial Frontal Cortex, is thought to be an essential part of the neuronal circuit underlying oculomotor decision making, including decisions under risk [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Consistent with this view, risk-related action value and monitoring signals have been observed in SEF [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, such activity has also been observed in other Frontal areas, including orbitoFrontal [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], cingulate [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and dorsal-lateral Frontal Cortex [ 15 ]. It is thus unknown whether the activity in SEF causally contributes to risky decisions, or whether it is merely a reflection of neural processes in other cortical regions. Here, we tested a causal role of SEF in risky oculomotor choices. We found that SEF inactivation strongly reduced the frequency of risky choices. This reduction was largely due to a reduced attraction to reward uncertainty and high reward gain, but not due to changes in the subjective estimation of reward probability or average expected reward. Moreover, SEF inactivation also led to increased sensitivity to differences between expected and actual reward during free choice. Nevertheless, it did not affect adjustments of decisions based on reward history.

  • inactivation of Medial Frontal Cortex changes risk preference
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Veit Stuphorn, Xiaomo Chen
    Abstract:

    Summary Humans and other animals need to make decisions under varying degrees of uncertainty. These decisions are strongly influenced by an individual’s risk preference, however the neuronal circuitry by which risk preference shapes choice is still unclear [1]. Supplementary eye field (SEF), an oculomotor area within primate Medial Frontal Cortex, is thought to be an essential part of the neuronal circuit underlying oculomotor decision-making, including decisions under risk [2–5]. Consistent with this view, risk-related action value and monitoring signals have been observed in SEF [6–8]. However, such activity has also been observed in other Frontal areas, including orbitoFrontal [9–11], cingulate [12–14], and dorsal lateral Frontal Cortex [15]. It is thus unknown whether the activity in SEF causally contributes to risky decisions, or if it is merely a reflection of neural processes in other cortical regions. Here, we tested a causal role of SEF in risky oculomotor choices. We found that SEF inactivation strongly reduced the frequency of risky choices. This reduction was largely due to a reduced attraction to reward uncertainty and high reward gain, but not due to changes in the subjective estimation of reward probability or average expected reward. Moreover, SEF inactivation also led to increased sensitivity to differences between expected and actual reward during free choice. Nevertheless, it did not affect adjustments of decisions based on reward history.

  • proactive and reactive control by the Medial Frontal Cortex
    Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Veit Stuphorn, Erik E Emeric
    Abstract:

    Adaptive behavior requires the ability to flexibly control actions. This can occur either proactively to anticipate task requirements, or reactively in response to sudden changes. In this article, we describe the behavioral and physiological evidence for dual mechanisms of control in response inhibition in the Medial Frontal Cortex in the context of the stop signal or countermanding task.

Matthew F S Rushworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • unilateral Medial Frontal Cortex lesions cause a cognitive decision making deficit in rats
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: Matthew F S Rushworth, Mark E. Walton, Paula L Croxson, Erie D Boorman, David M Bannerman
    Abstract:

    The Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) is critical for cost–benefit decision-making. Generally, cognitive and reward-based behaviour in rodents is not thought to be lateralised within the brain. In this study, however, we demonstrate that rats with unilateral MFC lesions show a profound change in decision-making on an effort-based decision-making task. Furthermore, unilateral MFC lesions have a greater effect when the rat has to choose to put in more effort for a higher reward when it is on the contralateral side of space to the lesion. Importantly, this could not be explained by motor impairments as these animals did not show a turning bias in separate experiments. In contrast, rats with unilateral dopaminergic midbrain lesions did exhibit a motoric turning bias, but were unimpaired on the effort-based decision-making task. This rare example of a cognitive deficit caused by a unilateral cortical lesion in the rat brain indicates that the MFC may have a specialised and lateralised role in evaluating the costs and benefits of actions directed to specific spatial locations.

  • intention choice and the Medial Frontal Cortex
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008
    Co-Authors: Matthew F S Rushworth
    Abstract:

    The Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) has been identified with voluntary action selection. Recent evidence suggests that there are three principal ways in which the MFC is an essential part of the neural circuit for voluntary action selection. First, the MFC represents the reinforcement values of actions and is concerned with the updating of those action values. Because it is particularly concerned with the rate at which action values should be updated, it mediates the influence that the past reinforcement history has over the next choice that is made and it may determine the learning rate. The MFC's representation of action value does not just reflect the potential reward associations of an action but instead represents both the reward and effort costs that are intrinsic to the action. Second, the MFC is important when an exploratory action is generated in order to obtain more information about action values and the environment. Third, the MFC is critical when conflicting information in the immediate environment instructs more than one possible response. In such situations the MFC exerts an influence over how actions will be chosen by other motor regions of the brain.

  • functional organization of the Medial Frontal Cortex
    Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Matthew F S Rushworth, Mark J. Buckley, Mark E. Walton, Timothy E J Behrens, David M Bannerman
    Abstract:

    The anterior cingulate Cortex (ACC) and adjacent areas of the Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) have been implicated in monitoring behaviour and in detecting errors. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the ACC not only registers the occurrence of errors but also represents other aspects of the reinforcement history that are crucial for guiding behaviour. Other studies raise the possibility that dorsal MFC areas not only monitor behaviour but also actually control response selection, particularly when the task in hand is changing. Many decisions are made in social contexts and their chances of success depend on what other individuals are doing. Evaluation of other individuals is therefore crucial for effective action selection, and some ACC regions are implicated in this process.

  • Functional organization of the Medial Frontal Cortex
    Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Matthew F S Rushworth, Mark J. Buckley, Mark E. Walton, Timothy E J Behrens, David M Bannerman
    Abstract:

    The anterior cingulate Cortex (ACC) and adjacent areas of the Medial Frontal Cortex (MFC) have been implicated in monitoring behaviour and in detecting errors. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the ACC not only registers the occurrence of errors but also represents other aspects of the reinforcement history that are crucial for guiding behaviour. Other studies raise the possibility that dorsal MFC areas not only monitor behaviour but also actually control response selection, particularly when the task in hand is changing. Many decisions are made in social contexts and their chances of success depend on what other individuals are doing. Evaluation of other individuals is therefore crucial for effective action selection, and some ACC regions are implicated in this process. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • cognitive neuroscience resolving conflict in and over the Medial Frontal Cortex
    Current Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Matthew F S Rushworth, Steven W Kennerley, Mark E. Walton
    Abstract:

    Abstract The Medial surface of the brain's Frontal lobe has been implicated both in the voluntary initiation of action and in monitoring actions in situations where several conflicting responses are possible. Recent work casts light on how these functions are parcelled out in the Medial Frontal Cortex.

Katsuyuki Sakai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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