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Reiko Arita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the role of Meibography in ocular surface diagnostics a review
    Ocular Surface, 2021
    Co-Authors: Fredrik Fineide, Reiko Arita, Tor Paaske Utheim
    Abstract:

    The meibomian glands are lipid-secreting glands located in the tarsal plates, whose secretory products cover the tear film, thereby reducing evaporation as well as ensuring lubrication of the ocular surface. The meibomian glands can be visualized at different levels of magnification by infrared Meibography, laser confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. These imaging modalities have been subject to much research and progress in clinical practice and have shaped our current understanding of meibomian glands in health and disease. In this review, we explore the evolution of Meibography over the past decades, the major contributions of various meibographic modalities, and discuss their clinical significance.

  • assessment of meibomian gland morphology by noncontact infrared Meibography in shih tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca
    Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yasunari Kitamura, Reiko Arita, Seiya Maehara, Tetsuya Nakade, Yukihiro Miwa, Hiroko Iwashita, Akihiko Saito
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate meibomian gland (MG) morphology by noncontact infrared Meibography in Shih Tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). PROCEDURES: Fourteen eyes of 12 Shih Tzu dogs (mean age of 10.7 years, range of 7‐13 years) presented to Yakumo Animal Hospital or Triangle Animal Eye Clinic from 2011 to 2017 with clinical signs and a Schirmer tear test (STT) result consistent with KCS ( 15 mm/min served as healthy controls. Both groups of dogs underwent routine slitlamp biomicroscopy followed by noncontact infrared Meibography of the upper eyelid with both desktop‐type and mobile‐type systems. Results Meibography revealed morphological abnormalities of MGs in 13 eyes of 11 dogs with KCS. The abnormalities included gland shortening in 64% and gland dropout in 64% of the 14 eyes in the KCS group. Morphological changes were also observed in MGs of 16 eyes of 10 dogs in the control group. These changes included shortening in 46% and dropout in 17.8% of the 28 eyes in the control group. Dropout was significantly more common in eyes with KCS than in control eyes (P < 0.01). Conclusions The frequency of MG abnormalities is increased in Shih Tzus with KCS compared with control animals. A reduced quality of the tear film associated with increased evaporation and reduced retention of tear fluid likely exacerbates the effects of a reduced tear volume in animals with aqueous deficiency.

  • Meibography a japanese perspective
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Reiko Arita
    Abstract:

    Meibography allows observation of meibomian glands in an objective and repeatable manner. Original Meibography systems were invasive and not readily adopted by ophthalmology clinics. The development of noncontact infrared Meibography allowed the rapid and noninvasive observation of meibomian glands, and such systems have now been widely adopted for standard examinations in dry eye clinics. Noncontact Meibography has also spurred research into meibomian glands and has been applied to evaluation of their structure and status in various ocular surface diseases. Although the images obtained by Meibography are objective and repeatable, the interpretation of these images is subjective, with the relationship between image features and actual gland structure and composition remaining unclear. Additional clinical and basic research with regard to the interpretation of Meibography images is thus necessary. Future improvements to Meibography will likely provide new insights into the pathophysiology of meibomian gland diseases as well as enhance its contribution to the diagnosis and evaluation of treatments for such diseases.

  • differentiation between chalazion and sebaceous carcinoma by noninvasive Meibography
    Clinical Ophthalmology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yuji Nemoto, Atsushi Mizota, Reiko Arita, Yuko Sasajima
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Sebaceous carcinoma is notorious for masquerading clinically as other benign lesions such as chalazion. A tool to better differentiate between these two conditions would thus be desirable. PURPOSE: To examine the potential application of noninvasive Meibography in the differential diagnosis of chalazion and sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid as a retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Five individuals with chalazion and three patients with sebaceous carcinoma were observed. Noninvasive Meibography was performed to visualize the reflectivity and shape of the lesion in each subject. RESULTS: Noninvasive meibographic imaging revealed chalazion as a lesion of overall low reflectivity with small regions of higher reflectivity corresponding to lipid granules. On the other hand, the noninvasive Meibography revealed sebaceous carcinoma as a poorly marginated lesion of high reflectivity in the eyelid. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive meibographic imaging may prove useful for the differential diagnosis of chalazion and sebaceous carcinoma. It may also be informative in definition of the resection area in carcinoma patients.

  • validity of noninvasive Meibography systems noncontact Meibography equipped with a slit lamp and a mobile pen shaped meibograph
    Cornea, 2013
    Co-Authors: Reiko Arita
    Abstract:

    Meibomian glands (MGs) secrete lipids (meibum) into the tear film and prevent excessive evaporation. MG dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of evaporative dry eye. Recent studies have demonstrated that evaporative dry eye resulting from MGD is far more common than aqueous-deficient dry eye is. Meibography is the only technique that can be used to observe the structure of MGs in silhouette, by illuminating the eyelids from the skin side, and can detect the morphological abnormalities in MGs. However, conventional Meibography uses a transilluminating light probe directly applied onto the eyelid and thus is invasive. To assess this problem, we developed 2 noninvasive Meibography systems (a slit-lamp type and mobile type). In this review, various clinical applications of noninvasive Meibography systems are demonstrated. Changes in MGs were examined in contact lens wearers or in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, MGD, aqueous-deficient dry eye, or long-term antiglaucoma eye drop use. The use of a noninvasive Meibography system could detect morphological changes such as dropout, shortening, dilation, and distortion of MGs in patients. The ability to detect detailed changes of MGs using noninvasive Meibography enhances the power to diagnose MGD and correctly decide the most effective treatment for patients with MGD.

Antoine Labbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the role of Meibography in the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction in ocular surface diseases
    Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mathieu Robin, Christophe Baudouin, Hong Liang, Ghislaine Rabut, Edouard Augstburger, Antoine Labbe
    Abstract:

    Purpose To evaluate dysfunction in various ocular surface diseases (OSDs) including primary meibomian gland disease (MGD), perennial allergic conjunctivitis, and primary and secondary Sjogren syndromes. Methods A retrospective analysis of 146 patients (111 women and 35 men) with symptomatic OSDs was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: the non-MGD group (55 patients) and the MGD group (91 patients). All patients had an evaluation of ocular surface symptoms and clinical tests, including tear film breakup time (BUT), the first and the mean noninvasive breakup time (NIKBUTf and NIKBUTavg, respectively). The meibomian gland loss of the lower eyelid was quantified using Meibography and the meiboscale. Results There was no significant difference regarding age or sex ratio between the two groups. The meiboscale in the MGD group was significantly higher than that in the non-MGD group (P = 0.003). The non-MGD patients were more symptomatic than those in the MGD group (P = 0.043). There were no significant differences between MGD and non-MGD groups regarding a Schirmer test (P = 0.195), BUT (P = 0.719), NIKBUTf (P = 0.96), or NIKBUTavg (P = 0.70). In the whole population, there was a negative correlation between meiboscale and NIKBUT (r = -0.21, P = 0.02), but no other correlations were found. Conclusions Meibomian gland dysfunction was observed among different OSDs. Meibomian gland loss evaluated by Meibography might help identify MGD in patients suffering from OSD. Translation Relevance Meibography provides a better understanding of MGD in several OSD. It may be useful to integrate this objective analysis to improve treatments of OSD associated to MGD.

  • in vivo confocal microscopy classification in the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction
    Eye, 2019
    Co-Authors: Antoine Labbe, Hong Liang, Matthieu Randon, Vittoria Aragno, Rachid Abbas
    Abstract:

    Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common disorders in ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of this in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM)-MGD description to classify patients affected by clinical MGD and measure the correlation with standard clinical criteria and subjective symptoms. One hundred eyes of 100 patients suffering from MGD and 15 eyes of normal subjects were included. A comprehensive evaluation with the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), tear osmolarity, Oxford score, Meibomian gland expression, palpebral IVCM, and Meibography was performed. Then each patient was classified using a new IVCM classification: type 0 for normality, type 1 for meibum obstruction, type 2 for inflammation, and type 3 for fibrosis. The mean age of patients was 52 ± 20 years old, the OSDI was 38 ± 23, the BUT 5 ± 2.6 s, the Schirmer test 13 ± 7 mm, tear osmolarity 300 ± 11 osmol/L, the Oxford score 0.5 ± 0.6, the meibum expression score 1.7 ± 1.02, and the Meibography score 1.3 ± 0.9. The IVCM MG classification of the 15 normal subjects was 0. For MGD patients, 29% were in type 1, 40% were type 2, and 31% were type 3. The patients in IVCM MG type 2 had a higher OSDI (p = 0.001) compared with the other types. There was a strong correlation between the IVCM score and the Meibography score (r = 0.71 p < 0.0001). This new IVCM classification provided a practical pathophysiological system for MGD. By giving objective criteria, this IVCM classification may help advance the understanding of patients’ symptoms and enhance treatment effectiveness in MGD.

  • evaluation of optical coherence tomography Meibography in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction
    Cornea, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qingfeng Liang, Christophe Baudouin, Zhiqiang Pan, Min Zhou, Yang Zhang, Ningli Wang, Antoine Labbe
    Abstract:

    Purpose:To evaluate optical coherence tomography Meibography (OCT-M) in patients with and without obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to determine the relationship between OCT-M and ocular surface clinical tests.Methods:Twenty-two patients with MGD and 16 control subjects were included

Choun-ki Joo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • examination of gland dropout detected on infrared Meibography by using optical coherence tomography Meibography
    Ocular Surface, 2017
    Co-Authors: Youngsik Yoo, Byeong Ha Lee, Jun Geun Shin, Tae Joong Eom, Yongsoo Byun, Geunyoung Yoon, Choun-ki Joo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose To elucidate the anatomic details of gland dropout detected on two-dimensional infrared (IR) Meibography in cases of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) Meibography. Methods In this cross-sectional, observational case series, we enrolled gland dropout detected on IR Meibography; the condition was then examined using a real-time swept-source OCT system. Accordingly, a series of 500 raster B-scan OCT images, with the gland dropout site (observed on IR imaging) at the center, were obtained and rendered as three-dimensional volume images. The OCT images were classified based on the anatomic details, including acini and ducts, at the meibomian glands (Group I, constricted acini; II, atrophic acini; III, no acini). Results The percentage of disagreement between IR and OCT images for dropout detected on IR imaging was 49.45% (43 and 93 cases in group I and II, respectively). Loss of the meibomian glands on both IR and OCT imaging (Group III) was observed in 50.55% cases (133 and 6 cases of gland dropout at the partial and whole eyelid on IR imaging, respectively). The proportion of disagreement between IR and OCT images (Group I and II) was higher in the middle area (63/119, 53.39%), as compared to that in the nasal (34/73, 46.58%) or temporal areas of the eyelid (26/65, 40%). Conclusions The loss of the meibomian glands, as observed on IR imaging, should be carefully interpreted, and OCT images may be useful to confirm the anatomic details of the meibomian glands.

  • three dimensional Meibography for diagnosis of dry eye syndrome
    Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015
    Co-Authors: Y S Byun, Tae Joong Eom, Y S Yoo, Choun-ki Joo
    Abstract:

    Purpose The dysfunction of meibomian glands which secrete components of lipid layer in tears is currently pointed out as one of the main causes occurring dry eye. The distribution of that is more than 70% in Asian, especially. This brought out the importance for the dysfunction of meibomian glands. Our study was aimed to confirm the efficacy of 3D Meibography to evaluate the structures of meibomian glands. Methods This study is a cross sectional study for patients who had diagnosed as dry eye disease associated with the dysfunction of meibomian glands at Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital from July to October, 2014. To confirm the structure of dry eye patients, 3D images using 3D OCT (optical coherence tomography) and 2D images using infrared camera were obtained. Patients who had the drop-out lesion in 3D and 2D images were divided as two groups, and differences between them were analyzed. At the same time, to find the clinical signification for structural changes of meibomian glands, all patients had an ocular surface and a tear function examination to define the degree of dry eye. Results As compared between 3D and 2D images for dry eye patients who had the drop-out lesion on meibomian glands, 3D images was more useful for diagnosis of dry eye than 2D, especially in dry eye related with mild meibomian gland disease. Conclusions Our study confirmed that the structural change of meibomian glands was reflected in optical coherence tomography 3D images. Especially, 3D Meibography was more powerful than 2D infrared camera to find out the real state of drop-out lesion on meibomian glands. But, there was no statistical significance between the location of drop-out lesions; such as near lid margin, middle area, near superior conjunctival fornix, and clinical features in these study.

  • In Vivo 3D Meibography of the Human Eyelid Using Real Time Imaging Fourier-Domain OCT
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ho Sik Hwang, Byeong Ha Lee, Jun Geun Shin, Tae Joong Eom, Choun-ki Joo
    Abstract:

    Recently, we reported obtaining tomograms of meibomian glands from healthy volunteers using commercial anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), which is widely employed in clinics for examination of the anterior segment. However, we could not create 3D images of the meibomian glands, because the commercial OCT does not have a 3D reconstruction function. In this study we report the creation of 3D images of the meibomian glands by reconstructing the tomograms of these glands using high speed Fourier-Domain OCT (FD-OCT) developed in our laboratory. This research was jointly undertaken at the Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) and the Advanced Photonics Research Institute of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (Gwangju, Korea) with two healthy volunteers and seven patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. A real time imaging FD-OCT system based on a high-speed wavelength swept laser was developed that had a spectral bandwidth of 100 nm at the 1310 nm center wavelength. The axial resolution was 5 µm and the lateral resolution was 13 µm in air. Using this device, the meibomian glands of nine subjects were examined. A series of tomograms from the upper eyelid measuring 5 mm (from left to right, B-scan) × 2 mm (from upper part to lower part, C-scan) were collected. Three-D images of the meibomian glands were then reconstructed using 3D "data visualization, analysis, and modeling software". Established infrared Meibography was also performed for comparison. The 3D images of healthy subjects clearly showed the meibomian glands, which looked similar to bunches of grapes. These results were consistent with previous infrared Meibography results. The meibomian glands were parallel to each other, and the saccular acini were clearly visible. Here we report the successful production of 3D images of human meibomian glands by reconstructing tomograms of these glands with high speed FD-OCT.

  • novel noncontact Meibography with anterior segment optical coherence tomography hosik Meibography
    Cornea, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ho Sik Hwang, Chang Won Park, Choun-ki Joo
    Abstract:

    Purpose To present a novel noncontact Meibography system with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is widely used in clinics for the anterior segment (cornea, anterior chamber angle, etc.), and compare the results with preexisting infrared Meibography. Methods This research was carried out at the Seoul St Mary's Hospital with 2 volunteers. Preexisting infrared Meibography was performed on the subjects, and photographs of the meibomian gland were taken again with the anterior segment OCT. With the anterior segment OCT, a tomogram of the meibomian gland could be taken and a picture of the whole meibomian gland could be taken from the infrared images for monitoring. Results The resolution of the preexisting infrared Meibography was a pixel size of 640 × 480. In the anterior segment OCT, the meibomian glands were clearly identified just beneath the palpebral conjunctiva. There was no problem in grading the meibomian gland with the infrared images for monitoring. The resolution was 239 × 178 or 129 × 95 pixels, depending on the save option of the photograph. Conclusions This novel Meibography using anterior OCT yielded meibomian gland tomograms without any additional equipment, and overall infrared Meibography was possible for grading. We believe this new technique will be useful in clinics for meibomian gland dysfunction and the like.

Philipp Steven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • deep learning based automatic meibomian gland segmentation and morphology assessment in infrared Meibography
    Scientific Reports, 2021
    Co-Authors: Asif Khan Setu, Jens Horstmann, Stefan Schmidt, Michael E Stern, Philipp Steven
    Abstract:

    Meibomian glands (MG) are large sebaceous glands located below the tarsal conjunctiva and the abnormalities of these glands cause Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) which is responsible for evaporative dry eye disease (DED). Accurate MG segmentation is a key prerequisite for automated imaging based MGD related DED diagnosis. However, Automatic MG segmentation in infrared Meibography is a challenging task due to image artifacts. A deep learning-based MG segmentation has been proposed which directly learns MG features from the training image dataset without any image pre-processing. The model is trained and evaluated using 728 anonymized clinical Meibography images. Additionally, automatic MG morphometric parameters, gland number, length, width, and tortuosity assessment were proposed. The average precision, recall, and F1 score were achieved 83%, 81%, and 84% respectively on the testing dataset with AUC value of 0.96 based on ROC curve and dice coefficient of 84%. Single image segmentation and morphometric parameter evaluation took on average 1.33 s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a validated deep learning-based approach is applied in MG segmentation and evaluation for both upper and lower eyelids.

  • Assessment of meibomian glands using a custom–made meibographer in dry eye patients in Ghana
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018
    Co-Authors: Eugene Appenteng Osae, Jens Horstmann, Reynolds Kwame Ablorddepey, David Ben Kumah, Philipp Steven
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative Dry Eye Disease (DED). This makes non-invasive Meibography an important procedure in the clinical evaluation of DED patients. Our purpose was to conduct a lead-off investigation focused on the practicality of performing Meibography in a developing country, with limited access to complex ophthalmic imaging systems, using a custom meibographer, as a step to future comparative studies on meibomian glands and DED in Africa. Methods Meibomian glands(MG) in 76 upper eyelids (UL) and 49 lower eyelids (LL) in 1 eye each of 125 patients randomly selected from a patient population presenting with subjective DED symptoms at a clinic were photographed using a custom meibographer. Single frames were captured, and the MG area determined by intensity threshold segmentation and area calculation using Image J software. MG loss (MGL) was quantified by outlining its area and expressing it as a percentage of the total MG per Pult’s grading scheme. Dry eye measures included Tear Film Break Up - Time (TUBT), Schirmer’s test and Ocular Surface Staining (OSS). Symptoms were evaluated using the SPEED II questionnaire. Correlations between MGL and age, ocular signs and symptoms were analyzed by Pearson’s. Differences between comparable groups were analyzed by Mann - Whitney test; p 

  • Meibography and meibomian gland measurements in ocular graft versus host disease
    Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2015
    Co-Authors: Lisa Engel, S Wittig, Felix Bock, Laura Sauerbier, C Scheid, Udo Holtick, J Chemnitz, Michael Hallek, Claus Cursiefen, Philipp Steven
    Abstract:

    Meibomian gland loss in ocular GvHD was described as a mechanism contributing to dry eye and severe damage to the ocular surface. Infrared images of upper eyelid meibomian glands from 86 ocular GvHD patients, from 10 patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) without ocular GvHD, from 32 patients prior to aSCT and from 30 healthy controls were analyzed retrospectively and evaluated using two grading schemes. The upper meibomian gland area (uMGA) was calculated and set in relation to the total tarsal area of the lid. Results demonstrate that meibomian gland loss is significantly increased in patients with ocular GvHD as well as in patients prior to aSCT in comparison with controls (P between 0.05 and <0.001). Patients after aSCT without ocular GvHD had no significant difference in uMGA in comparison with controls. This study suggests that meibomian gland loss in GvHD patients is likely to be a multifactorial process that also occurs prior to aSCT, possibly due to underlying diseases and/or secondary to chemotherapy or irradiation. In addition, the question has to be addressed whether meibomian gland loss could serve as a predictor for the development of ocular GvHD. Overall, infrared Meibography should be included in routine examination of patients undergoing aSCT and during follow-up.

Adel H. Alsuhaibani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Meibography of eyes with sequelae of trachoma
    Cornea, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdulrahman Aldarrab, Yasser H Alfaky, Ahmed Mousa, Adel H. Alsuhaibani
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: To study the effect of trachoma on meibomian glands using infrared Meibography and to correlate the results with tear film parameters. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study in which 86 eyes of healthy volunteers and 90 eyes with trachoma were included. Clinical assessment was performed including the following: slit-lamp examination looking for signs of sequelae of trachoma, tear breakup time (TBUT), superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK), Schirmer II test (with anesthesia), and meibum score. Noncontact Meibography was performed on both upper and lower eyelids separately using the meibograde system, which involved distortion of the meibomian gland, shortening, and dropout. RESULTS: Lid margin abnormalities (telangiectasia, lid margin swelling, and hyperemia) were all significantly higher in the trachoma group. The mean SPK (1.36), meibum score (1.76), Meibography dropout, distortion, shortening, and total Meibography (8.19 for upper eyelids and 3.81 for lower eyelids) were all significantly higher in the trachoma group (P < 0.001) compared with the normal group were SPK (0.88), meibum score (0.16), and total Meibography (1.24 for upper eyelids and 0.92 for lower eyelids). Mean TBUT (4.2 s) was significantly shorter in the trachoma group than in the normal group (10.3 s) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between both groups in the Schirmer II test. CONCLUSIONS: Meibography of patients with sequelae of trachoma was in agreement with the histopathologic studies. Upper eyelids were much more affected than the lower eyelids. TBUT, SPK, and meibum score were correlated with the status of meibomian glands and Meibography, which were significantly different in the trachoma group.

  • Meibography for eyes with posterior blepharitis
    Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdulrahman Aldarrab, Mohammed Alrajeh, Adel H. Alsuhaibani
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose To study the effect of posterior blepharitis on meibomian glands using infrared Meibography and to correlate the results with tear film parameters. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. The study included eyes from two groups: 86 eyes of healthy volunteers' eyes and 72 eyes with posterior blepharitis. Participants were examined, and diagnosis of posterior blepharitis was achieved clinically based on signs of posterior blepharitis. Clinical assessment of dryness was performed including slit lamp examination looking for signs of posterior blepharitis, tear breakup time (TBUT), superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK), Schirmer II test (with anesthesia) and meibum score. Non-contact Meibography was performed for both upper and lower eyelids using the meibo-grade system which involved distortion of meibomian gland, shortening and dropout. Results Lid margin abnormalities (Telangiectasia, lid margin swelling and hyperemia) were all significantly higher in the posterior blepharitis group. SPK, meibum score, Meibography dropout, distortion, shortening, and total Meibography were all significantly higher in the posterior blepharitis group as well as meibum score ( P value P value Conclusion Meibography can be a helpful non-invasivetool for the clinical evaluation of the extent of the anatomical damage in patients having meibomian glands loss due to posterior blepharitis. Knowing the extent of damage in meibomian glands may help in selecting the appropriate treatment modality and expect the response to treatment in patients with posterior blepharitis.

  • Meibography for eyes with posterior blepharitis
    Elsevier, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdulrahman Aldarrab, Mohammed Alrajeh, Adel H. Alsuhaibani
    Abstract:

    Purpose: To study the effect of posterior blepharitis on meibomian glands using infrared Meibography and to correlate the results with tear film parameters. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. The study included eyes from two groups: 86 eyes of healthy volunteers’ eyes and 72 eyes with posterior blepharitis. Participants were examined, and diagnosis of posterior blepharitis was achieved clinically based on signs of posterior blepharitis. Clinical assessment of dryness was performed including slit lamp examination looking for signs of posterior blepharitis, tear breakup time (TBUT), superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK), Schirmer II test (with anesthesia) and meibum score. Non-contact Meibography was performed for both upper and lower eyelids using the meibo-grade system which involved distortion of meibomian gland, shortening and dropout. Results: Lid margin abnormalities (Telangiectasia, lid margin swelling and hyperemia) were all significantly higher in the posterior blepharitis group. SPK, meibum score, Meibography dropout, distortion, shortening, and total Meibography were all significantly higher in the posterior blepharitis group as well as meibum score (P value 

  • utility of Meibography in the evaluation of meibomian glands morphology in normal and diseased eyelids
    Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Adel H. Alsuhaibani, Michael D. Abramoff, Keith D Carter, Jeffrey A. Nerad
    Abstract:

    Purpose To study the utility of Meibography for the morphology of meibomian glands in normal eyelids and in various eyelid diseases.

  • utility of Meibography in the evaluation of meibomian glands morphology in normal and diseased eyelids q
    2011
    Co-Authors: Adel H. Alsuhaibani, Keith D Carter, Jeffrey A. Nerad
    Abstract:

    Purpose: To study the utility of Meibography for the morphology of meibomian glands in normal eyelids and in various eyelid diseases. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A newly designed transilluminator, fitting both the upper along with lower eyelids, and an infrared camera were used to obtain video clips of the meibomian glands for 60 asymptomatic subjects with normal eyelid margin. Parameters studied included, ocular surface, Schirmer test, and tear breakup time (TBUT). The meibomian glands of patients with meibomian glands' abnormality secondary to infectious, inflammatory, malignant, congenital, or post-radiation therapy disease related etiologies were compared with normal patients. Still pictures were extracted from the video clips to evaluate the meibomian glands for gland dropout and gross morphological changes.