Menispermaceae

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Frederic M B Jacques - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The world checklist of Stephania (Menispermaceae), with notes on types
    Phytotaxa, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sovanmoly Hul, Frederic M B Jacques, Chhavarath Dary, Evelyne Ollivier, Sok-siya Bun, Sun Kaing Cheng, Sothea Kim, Youleang Peou, Florian Jabbour
    Abstract:

    We provide in this article the catalogue of the species names currently accepted in the genus Stephania (Menispermaceae), together with information relative to their types. Sixty-nine species of Stephania are recognized and 36 lectotypes are designated here. This checklist constitutes the basis for a future taxonomical revision of the genus Stephania .

  • Phylogeny and a revised tribal classification of Menispermaceae (moonseed family) based on molecular and morphological data
    Taxon, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rosa Del C. Ortiz, Frederic M B Jacques, Wei Wang, Zhiduan Chen
    Abstract:

    The Menispermaceae, a largely tropical family of dioecious and predominantly climbing plants, have been the subject of various molecular studies that confirmed its monophyly and the para- and polyphyly of most of the currently recognized tribes. The newly recognized assemblages have been variously named informally in different studies. Here we present a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis of the Menispermaceae based on the analyses of three molecular markers (matK, trnL-F, ndhF) and 41 morphological characters for the most extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling of the family as compared to earlier studies. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Our results of the combined molecular and total-evidence datasets corroborate earlier findings, with an improved support for major Glade contents. A new tribal classification of the Menispermaceae is proposed, in which nine clades are grouped within the subfamilies Chasmantheroideae and Menispermoideae, forming themselves two well-supported clades. Within the Chasmantheroideae, the two clades recovered are here recognized as tribes Burasaieae and Coscinieae; within the Menispermoideae the seven identified clades are recognized as tribes Anomospermeae, Cissampelideae, Limacieae, Menispermeae, Pachygoneae, Spirospermeae, and Tiliacoreae. Of these, Spirospermeae is newly described, while the names, if not the circumscriptions, of the remaining tribes are adopted from earlier treatments. The subfamilies and most tribes here identified are further diagnosed by unique combinations of morphological characters. A few genera not sampled for the molecular analysis are provisionally assigned to the recognized tribes based on their floral, fruit, endocarp, and seed features.

  • Menispermaceae and the diversification of tropical rainforests near the cretaceous paleogene boundary
    New Phytologist, 2012
    Co-Authors: Wei Wang, Rosa Del C Ortiz, Ruiqi Li, Honglei Li, Frederic M B Jacques, Xiaoguo Xiang, Douglas E. Soltis, Zhiduan Chen
    Abstract:

    Summary • Modern tropical rainforests have the highest biodiversity of terrestrial biomes and are restricted to three low-latitude areas. However, the actual timeframe during which tropical rainforests began to appear on a global scale has been intensely disputed. Here, we used the moonseed family (Menispermaceae), an important physiognomic and structural component of tropical rainforests on a worldwide basis, to obtain new insights into the diversification of this biome. • We integrated phylogenetic, biogeographic and molecular dating methods to analyse temporal and spatial patterns of global diversification in Menispermaceae. • Importantly, a burst of moonseed diversification occurred in a narrow window of time, which coincides with the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary. Our data also suggest multiple independent migrations from a putative ancestral area of Indo-Malay into other tropical regions. • Our data for Menispermaceae suggest that modern tropical rainforests may have appeared almost synchronously throughout the three major tropical land areas close to, or immediately following, the K‐Pg mass extinction.

  • Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae
    Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2010
    Co-Authors: Frederic M B Jacques, Wei Wang, Rosa Del C. Ortiz, Zhe-kun Zhou, Zhiduan Chen
    Abstract:

    The phylogeny of extant Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) is reconstructed based on DNA sequences of two chloroplast genes (rbcL and atpB) from 94 species belonging to 56 genera. Fossilized endocarps represent 34 genera. The positions of these are inferred using 30 morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny as a backbone constraint. Nine of the thirteen nodes that are each dated by a fossil are used as calibration points for the estimates of molecular divergence times. BEAST is used to estimate stem age (121.2 Myr) and crown age (105.4 Myr) for Menispermaceae. This method does not require an input tree topology and can also account for rate heterogeneity among lineages. The sensitivity of these estimates to fossil constraints is then evaluated by a cross-validation procedure. The estimated origin for Menispermaceae is dated to the mid-Jurassic if the customary maximum age of 125 Myr for eudicots is not implemented. All constraints when used alone failed to estimate node ages in some parts of the tree. Fossils from the Palaeocene and Eocene impose strict constraints. Likewise, the use of Prototinomiscium as a dating constraint for Menispermaceae appears to be a conservative approach.

  • fossil history of the Menispermaceae ranunculales
    Annales De Paleontologie, 2009
    Co-Authors: Frederic M B Jacques
    Abstract:

    The Menispermaceae family (Ranunculales) includes more than 500 extant species. Climbers represent the majority of this family, and these plants are now distributed in all of the tropical and Subtropical regions of Americas, Asia and Africa. Their endocarps show a characteristic shape that is easily identified in the fossil floras. Numerous fossil leaves are also mentioned in the literature, but the methods for identifying these fossils are often outdated and need revision. Four tribes of Menispermaceae are present in the fossil record, including Fibraureae, Menispermeae, Pachygoneae and Tinosporeae. Only the Anomospermeae are potentially lacking. The Menispermaceae appear in the Palaeocene, and are common in the Eocene, of Europe and in North America as represented by endocarps and locule-casts. The species of this age show morphological diversification, corresponding with the current familial diversity. A few specimens from the Cretaceous period could be part of this Angiosperm family. Fossils after the Eocene are scarcer, despite several relatively rich outcrops. The maximal expansion of the Menispermaceae during the Palaeocene/Eocene limit correlates with the thermal optimum of the early Tertiary and also parallels the maximal expansion of tropical and subtropical floras. The relative richness of the Eocene era in Menispermaceae could be a consequence of more intense sampling in some regions. The bias in tribe representation can be explained by evolution, ecology or taphonomic hypotheses. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

G. Will - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Peter Pachaly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Sara B. Hoot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phylogeny and fruit evolution in Menispermaceae.
    American journal of botany, 2013
    Co-Authors: Keir M. Wefferling, Sara B. Hoot, Susana S. Neves
    Abstract:

    UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY This work surveys endocarp morphology of Menispermaceae in the context of a well-supported molecular phylogeny. The study is important since menispermaceous endocarps appear often in the fossil record and indicate the presence of a wet forest ecosystem. • METHODS Three chloroplast regions were used to derive phylogenies for 53 genera and 60 species. Endocarps of 47 genera and 92 species were dissected and morphological characters scored. Photographs of key features are presented. We superimposed our morphological matrix onto the phylogeny to explore character evolution. A detailed key to fruits is presented, allowing identification of extant and fossil specimens to the level of clade or genus. • KEY RESULTS Menispermaceae consists of two major subfamilies: Tinosporoideae and Menispermoideae. Within Tinosporoideae, tribe Coscineae is basal. Within Menispermoideae, tribe Menispermeae is basal. Tinosporoideae consists mainly of taxa with apical style scars, bilateral curvature, subhemispherical condyles, and foliaceous cotyledons with divaricate or imbricate orientation. Menispermoideae consists almost entirely of taxa with basal or subbasal style scars, dorsoventral curvature, bilaterally and/or dorsoventrally compressed condyles, and subterete or fleshy cotyledons oriented dorsoventrally or laterally. • CONCLUSIONS Several fruit characters differentiate major clades, and further synapomorphies are diagnostic of various subclades. Fruit characters that can be inferred as ancestral in the family are basal or subbasal stylar scars, endocarps with dorsoventral curvature, endocarp walls woody or bony, presence of a condyle, locule without ribs, sublateral vascular traces, presence of endosperm, and foliaceous or subterete cotyledons.

  • Phytogeographic implications of fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the Paleocene of Colombia.
    American journal of botany, 2011
    Co-Authors: Fabiany Herrera, Sara B. Hoot, Steven R. Manchester, Keir M. Wefferling, Mónica R. Carvalho, Carlos Jaramillo
    Abstract:

     Premise of the study: Fossil leaves of Menispermaceae were previously described from the Paleocene of Colombia. Because of strong homoplasy of leaf characters, the fossils could not be placed more specifi cally within recognized clades, and additional data were needed to specify intrafamilial and paleogeographic relationships during the Paleocene.  Methods: Fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae were collected from the Cerrej o n Formation, the recently discovered Bogot a fl ora, and Wyoming (~60 Ma). We surveyed the endocarp morphology of almost all extant genera, conducted character optimization, a molecular scaffold analysis, and critically reviewed the related fossil genera.  Key results: Parallel syndromes of fruit characters have appeared in unrelated clades of the family according to current phylogenetic reconstructions. However, mapping selected endocarp characters across those clades that contain horseshoe-shaped endocarps facilitates identifi cation and phylogenetic assessment of the fossils. Three fossil species are recognized. One of them belongs to the extant genus Stephania , which today grows only in Africa and Australasia. Palaeoluna gen. nov. is placed within the pantropical clade composed of extant Stephania , Cissampelos , and Cyclea ; this morphogenus is also recognized from the Paleocene of Wyoming. Menispina gen. nov. shows similarity with several unrelated clades.  Conclusions: The new fossils from Colombia reveal a complex paleobiogeographic history of the recognized clades within Menispermaceae, suggesting a more active exchange among neotropical, paleotropical, North American, and European paleoforests than previously recognized. In addition, the new fossils indicate that neotropical forests were an important biome for the radiation and dispersal of derived lineages in Menispermaceae after the Cretaceous – Paleogene boundary.

  • Phylogenetic patterns and genetic diversity of Indian Tinospora species based on chloroplast sequence data and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms
    Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2009
    Co-Authors: S. M. Ahmad, Sara B. Hoot, P. H. Qazi, V. Verma
    Abstract:

    Based on morphology, the species status and taxonomic affinities of three species of Tinospora ( T. cordifolia , T. sinensis, and T. crispa ) with ranges in India, have been questioned . To evaluate species delimitation and population structure among 40 accessions of the three species , a relatively new marker, cytochrome P450, was used. Five out of nine primers generated polymorphisms with 39 out of 47 bands polymorphic. The P450 binary data, when analyzed using distance methods, strongly supported the monophyly of each Indian species and were congruent with previous RAPD work. To further investigate the status of these species, we combined P450 and RAPD data. The resulting unrooted phylogram highly supports the monophyly of each species but with little population structure within each species. To understand the phylogenetic placement of the three Indian Tinospora species within Menispermaceae, chloroplast atpB and rbcL sequence data for a large sampling of the family were analyzed using likelihood and parsimony methods. The resulting phylogenies highly support the Indian Tinospora species as part of a clade (expanded Tinosporeae), consisting of diverse Menispermaceae from around the world. The three Indian species are monophyletic and are most closely related to Tinospora species from Australia ( T. esiangkara and T. smilacina ).

  • Phylogenetic Patterns in Menispermaceae Based on Multiple Chloroplast Sequence Data
    Systematic Botany, 2009
    Co-Authors: Sara B. Hoot, Herbert Zautke, Peter R Crane, David Harris, Susana S. Neves
    Abstract:

    Abstract Menispermaceae, a dioecious, largely pantropical family of vines and lianas, consists of approximately 70 genera. In this paper, we present phylogenies (derived using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) based on chloroplast atpB and rbcL sequence data for 42 Menispermaceae genera (60 species) and 15 outgroup genera representing all families in the Ranunculales. Results of this work confirm that a clade consisting of Berberidaceae and Ranunculaceae is sister to the Menispermaceae and that Menispermaceae is highly supported as monophyletic. Within Menispermaceae, Menispermum and Sinomenium, two genera with distributions in the Northern Hemisphere, are weakly to moderately supported as sister to all remaining Menispermaceae. Many of the tribes as described by previous workers are not monophyletic. To expand both the data and sampling, we combined our atpB and rbcL data with previously published ndhF data for two additional analyses: 1) for matching species and 2) for all g...

Adek Zamrud Adnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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