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K N Galvao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ceftiofur reduced fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with Metritis
Animal microbiome, 2021Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, R. Daetz, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Svetlana Lima, Federico Cunha, K N GalvaoAbstract:BACKGROUND Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with Metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. CONCLUSIONS Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with Metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of Metritis in dairy cows.
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draft genome sequences of bacteroides pyogenes strains isolated from the uterus of holstein dairy cows with Metritis
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Federico Cunha, Soo Jin Jeon, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, K N GalvaoAbstract:Bacteroides pyogenes is found in the human and animal gut and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Metritis in cows. We report the draft genome sequences of four Bacteroides pyogenes isolates obtained from the uterus of metritic cows. This will increase the understanding of its pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and differentiation across hosts.
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draft genome sequences of helcococcus ovis strains isolated at time of Metritis diagnosis from the uterus of holstein dairy cows
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Federico Cunha, Soo Jin Jeon, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, Peter Kutzer, K N GalvaoAbstract:Helcococcus ovis is an emerging pathogen implicated in the pathogenesis of Metritis in dairy cows. Herein, we report the first draft genome sequences of four Helcococcus ovis isolates from the uterus of dairy cows with Metritis. This information will enable a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance.
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genomic and virulence characterization of intrauterine pathogenic escherichia coli with multi drug resistance isolated from cow uteri with Metritis
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, K N Galvao, Amber Ginn, Minyoung KangAbstract:Metritis is a major disease in dairy cows causing animal death, decrease of birth rate, milk production and economic loss. Antibiotic treatment is generally used to treat such disease but has a high failure rate of 23-35%. The reason for the treatment failure remains unclear, although antibiotic resistance is postulated as one of factors. Our study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in uterine samples of cows with Metritis and characterized the isolated intrauterine pathogenic E. coli (IUPEC) strains using whole genome sequencing. We found that cows with Metritis had a high prevalence of ESBL producing IUPEC with multi-drug resistance including ceftiofur which is commonly used for metiritis treatment. The ESBL producing IUPEC strains harbored versatile antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against 29 antibiotic classes, suggesting that transmission of these bacteria to other animals and humans may lead to antibiotic treatment failure. Furthermore, these strains had strong adhesion and invasion activity, along with critical virulence factors, indicating that they may cause infectious disease in not only the uterus, but also in other organs and hosts.
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draft genome sequences of escherichia coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus vagina vulva and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed Metritis
Genome Announcements, 2017Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, Federico Cunha, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, Amber Ginn, K N GalvaoAbstract:ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is involved in the pathogenicity of Metritis in cows. We report here the genome sequences of E. coli strains isolated at calving from the uterus, vagina, vulva, and rectoanal junction of a dairy cow that later developed Metritis. The genomic similarities will give an insight into phylogenetic relationships among strains.
Burim N Ametaj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of serum metabolites associated with the risk of Metritis in transition dairy cows
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Dagnachew Hailemariam, Guanshi Zhang, David S Wishart, Rupasri Mandal, Burim N AmetajAbstract:In this study, we aimed to identify metabolite signatures that characterize Metritis prior to, during, and after the disease incidence. Blood samples were collected from 100 Holstein cows at five time points before and after parturition. Six cows that developed Metritis and 20 controls were selected for metabolomics analysis in a nested case-control study. Twenty nine serum metabolites were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results showed that similar panels of metabolites differentiated pre-metritic and control cows at 8 and 4 wk prepartum. The top most important metabolites that differentiated the two groups of cows at 8 wk prepartum were oxalate, ornithine, pyroglutamic acid, d-mannose, and glutamic acid, and at 4 wk prepartum were ornithine, pyroglutamic acid, d-mannose, glutamic acid, and phosphoric acid, suggesting their potential use as risk biomarkers for Metritis. Area under the curve with values of 1.0 and 0.969 at 8 and 4 wk, respectively, indicated that those panels of met...
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urine metabolic fingerprinting can be used to predict the risk of Metritis and highlight the pathobiology of the disease in dairy cows
Metabolomics, 2018Co-Authors: E Dervishi, Guanshi Zhang, Dagnachew Hailemariam, R Mandal, David S Wishart, Burim N AmetajAbstract:Metritis is an uterine pathology that causes economic losses for the dairy industry. It is associated with lower reproductive efficiency, increased culling rates, decreased milk production and increased veterinary costs. To gain a more detailed view of the urine metabolome and to detect metabolite signature in cows with Metritis. In addition, we aimed to identify early metabolites which can help to detect cows at risk to develop Metritis in the future. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy starting at 8 and 4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition, during the week of diagnosis of Metritis, and at 4 and 8 weeks after diagnosis of Metritis in Holstein dairy cows. At 8 weeks before parturition, pre-metritic cows had a total of 30 altered metabolites. Interestingly, 28 of them increased in urine when compared with control cows (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks before parturition, 34 metabolites were altered. At the week of diagnosis of Metritis a total of 20 metabolites were altered (P < 0.05). The alteration continued at 4 and 8 weeks after diagnosis. The metabolic fingerprints in the urine of pre-metritic and metritic cows point toward excretion of multiple amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and monosaccharides. Combination of galactose, leucine, lysine and panthotenate at 8 weeks before parturition might serve as predictive biomarkers for Metritis.
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Urine metabolic fingerprinting can be used to predict the risk of Metritis and highlight the pathobiology of the disease in dairy cows
Metabolomics, 2018Co-Authors: E Dervishi, Guanshi Zhang, Dagnachew Hailemariam, R Mandal, David S Wishart, Burim N AmetajAbstract:Introduction Metritis is an uterine pathology that causes economic losses for the dairy industry. It is associated with lower reproductive efficiency, increased culling rates, decreased milk production and increased veterinary costs. Objectives To gain a more detailed view of the urine metabolome and to detect metabolite signature in cows with Metritis. In addition, we aimed to identify early metabolites which can help to detect cows at risk to develop Metritis in the future. Methods We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy starting at 8 and 4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition, during the week of diagnosis of Metritis, and at 4 and 8 weeks after diagnosis of Metritis in Holstein dairy cows. Results At 8 weeks before parturition, pre-metritic cows had a total of 30 altered metabolites. Interestingly, 28 of them increased in urine when compared with control cows (P
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Urine metabolic fingerprinting can be used to predict the risk of Metritis and highlight the pathobiology of the disease in dairy cows
Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2018Co-Authors: E Dervishi, Guanshi Zhang, Dagnachew Hailemariam, R Mandal, David S Wishart, Burim N AmetajAbstract:Metritis is an uterine pathology that causes economic losses for the dairy industry. It is associated with lower reproductive efficiency, increased culling rates, decreased milk production and increased veterinary costs. To gain a more detailed view of the urine metabolome and to detect metabolite signature in cows with Metritis. In addition, we aimed to identify early metabolites which can help to detect cows at risk to develop Metritis in the future. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy starting at 8 and 4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition, during the week of diagnosis of Metritis, and at 4 and 8 weeks after diagnosis of Metritis in Holstein dairy cows. At 8 weeks before parturition, pre-metritic cows had a total of 30 altered metabolites. Interestingly, 28 of them increased in urine when compared with control cows (P
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DI/LC-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling for identification of early predictive serum biomarkers of Metritis in transition dairy cows
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Guanshi Zhang, David S Wishart, Qilan Deng, Rupasri Mandal, Burim N AmetajAbstract:The objectives of this study were to evaluate alterations of metabolites in the blood of dairy cows before, during, and after diagnosis of Metritis and identify predictive serum metabolite biomarkers for Metritis. DI/LC-MS/MS was used to analyze serum samples collected from both healthy and metritic cows during −8, −4, disease diagnosis, +4, and +8 wks relative to parturition. Results indicated that cows with Metritis experienced altered concentrations of serum amino acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, acylcarnitines, and biogenic amines during the entire experimental period. Moreover, two sets of predictive biomarker models and one set of diagnostic biomarker models for Metritis were developed, and all of them showed high sensitivity and specificity (e.g., high AUC values by the ROC curve evaluation), which indicate that serum metabolites identified have pretty accurate predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic abilities for Metritis in transition dairy cows.
M.a.g. Von Keyserlingk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Metritis on stall use and social behavior at the lying stall.
Journal of dairy science, 2018Co-Authors: J. Lomb, Daniel M. Weary, Katelyn E. Mills, M.a.g. Von KeyserlingkAbstract:Metritis in dairy cows has been associated with changes in behavior at the feed bunk, but little is known about the effects on behavior at the lying stall. The aim of this study was to investigate stall use by primiparous dairy cows diagnosed with Metritis, specifically time spent in the stall, social interactions at the stall, and lying-related behaviors. After parturition, primiparous cows were housed in a mixed-parity pen with a constant group size of 20. Cows had access to 12 electronic feed bins, 2 electronic water bins, and 24 lying stalls. Four cameras installed above the experimental pen allowed for observation of cows in the feeding and lying area. Every 3 d after parturition, cows were examined for Metritis by evaluation of the visual appearance and olfactory character of vaginal discharge. Cows diagnosed with Metritis (n = 16) were compared with healthy individuals (i.e., cows without Metritis or other clinical disease, n = 16). Healthy individuals were selected based on data availability, body weight, and calving date and, based on these criteria, paired with metritic cows. Video of the 3 d before diagnosis (d -3 to d -1) in the metritic animals (and video from the corresponding days in milk for paired healthy cows) were used to measure behavior. Behaviors assessed included those in the stall (lying, perching, and standing fully in the stall), social behaviors (when a cow either displaced or was displaced by another cow; i.e., actor and reactor replacements), and lying-related behaviors (including visits when the cow entered and left the stall without lying down, aborted lying events when behaviors indicative of the onset of a lying bout were not followed by the cow lying down, and latency to lie down, defined as the time between an aborted lying event and the first lying bout). Cows with Metritis spent more time standing fully in the stall on all 3 d, resulting in more time spent standing on d -2 and -1. Cows with Metritis tended to have more aborted lying events on d -2, and significantly more on d -1. Cows with Metritis tended to be replaced more often at the lying stall on d -3 and tended to have a longer latency to lie down on d -2. We observed no differences between health groups in the number of actor replacements or the number of visits to the stall. In summary, cows with Metritis spent more time standing fully in the lying stall and had more aborted lying events. These results suggest that primiparous cows with Metritis may be identified by altered behavior at the lying stall.
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changes in feeding social and lying behaviors in dairy cows with Metritis following treatment with a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug as adjunctive treatment to an antimicrobial
Journal of Dairy Science, 2018Co-Authors: J. Lomb, Daniel M. Weary, J M Huzzey, Heather W Neave, S J Leblanc, M.a.g. Von KeyserlingkAbstract:ABSTRACT Dairy cows with Metritis display sickness behaviors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have the potential to reduce these responses. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in feeding, social, and lying behaviors in dairy cows with Metritis that had been treated with the NSAID meloxicam. After parturition, cows were housed in a dynamic, mixed-parity group of 20 animals with access to 12 electronic feed bins, 2 electronic water bins, and 24 lying stalls in a freestall pen. Every third day after parturition, vaginal discharge was evaluated to diagnose Metritis based on the presence of foul smell and characteristic visual appearance. When diagnosed with Metritis, animals (n = 87) were randomly allocated to receive either a single dose of meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously) or a placebo solution. All metritic animals received an antimicrobial (ceftiofur) for 5 d. We measured feeding and social behaviors at the feed bunk, as well as lying behaviors, and assessed within-cow changes from the day before to the day of (d 0) NSAID treatment, and from the day before to d 1 to 5 after treatment. Generally, behaviors changed around the day of diagnosis of Metritis. Compared with the placebo group, cows that received meloxicam had a greater increase in the number of visits to the feeder, but tended to show less of an increase in dry matter intake and feeding time. These differences did not persist beyond 24 h after NSAID treatment. We observed no differences in changes in number of meals and feeding rate on d 0, but from d 1 to 5 cows treated with meloxicam had a lesser decrease in the number of meals and tended to have a greater decrease in feeding rate than did placebo-treated cows. In multiparous cows on d 0 and from d 1 to 5, meloxicam treatment was associated with decreased lying times. In primiparous cows, lying time changes were similar between treatments on d 0, but lying times increased more on d 1 to 5 for meloxicam than for placebo cows. Overall, cows changed the number of lying bouts on d 0, and this increase tended to be smaller for the meloxicam cows. There were no treatment differences in changes of social behavior. In summary, we observed inconsistent and generally small effects of a single dose of meloxicam in addition to antimicrobial therapy on the behavior of cows with Metritis.
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Behavioral changes before Metritis diagnosis in dairy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 2018Co-Authors: Heather W Neave, Daniel M. Weary, J M Huzzey, Stephen J. Leblanc, J. Lomb, M.a.g. Von KeyserlingkAbstract:ABSTRACT Metritis is common in the days after calving and can reduce milk production and reproductive performance. The aim of this study was to identify changes in feeding and social behavior at the feed bunk, as well as changes in lying behavior before Metritis diagnosis. Initially healthy Holstein cows were followed from 3 wk before to 3 wk after calving. Behaviors at the feed bunk were recorded using an electronic feeding system. Lying behavior was recorded using data loggers. Metritis, based upon the characteristics of vaginal discharge at d 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after calving, was diagnosed in 74 otherwise healthy cows. Behavior of these cows, beginning 2 wk before calving until the day of diagnosis, was compared with 98 healthy cows (never diagnosed with any health disorder, including ketosis, mastitis, and lameness) during the transition period. During the 2 wk before calving, cows later diagnosed with Metritis had reduced lying time and fewer lying bouts compared with healthy cows. In the 3 d before clinical diagnosis, cows that developed Metritis ate less, consumed fewer meals, were replaced more often at the feed bunk, and had fewer lying bouts of longer duration compared with healthy cows. We concluded that changes in feeding as well as social and lying behavior could contribute to identification of cows at risk of Metritis.
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Assessment of visceral pain associated with Metritis in dairy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 2015Co-Authors: J. Stojkov, M.a.g. Von Keyserlingk, J.n. Marchant-forde, Daniel M. WearyAbstract:Abstract Metritis is a common disease in dairy cattle, but to our knowledge, no work has assessed pain associated with this disease. Tissue palpation is commonly used to assess pain in human and veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate visceral pain responses during rectal palpation, with and without uterine palpation, in healthy cows and in cows diagnosed with Metritis. A total of 49 Holstein dairy cows (mean ± standard deviation parity of 2.8±1.8) were subjected to systematic health checks every 3 d after parturition for 21 d, scoring for vaginal discharge (0 to 4); 13 cows showed a discharge score ≥2 during at least 1 health check and were classified as metritic, whereas 29 cows were classified as healthy and showed no sign of this or any other disease (including mastitis and lameness). Back arch and heart rate variability before examination and during palpation were recorded using video and heart rate monitors. Back arch (cm 2 ) on the day of diagnosis was greater in metritic versus healthy cows (1,034±72 vs. 612±48cm 2 ), and greater during rectal palpation with uterine palpation versus rectal palpation without uterine palpation (869±45 vs. 777±45cm 2 ). Heart rate frequency domain analysis showed that the low-frequency portion was higher in cows with Metritis versus healthy cows (16.5±1.2 vs. 12.9±1.0). Time domain analysis showed that the standard deviation between normal to normal interbeat intervals and the root mean square of successive differences both decreased during rectal palpation with uterine palpation versus rectal palpation without uterine palpation (1.9±0.1 vs. 2.5±0.1 and 1.3±0.1 vs. 1.7±0.1, respectively). Together, these results indicate that the inflammation associated with Metritis is painful, and that the pain response can be detected during rectal palpation with and without uterine palpation. Rectal palpation with uterine palpation appears to be more aversive than rectal palpation without uterine palpation, suggesting that the former should be avoided when possible.
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Short communication: Metritis affects milk production and cull rate of Holstein multiparous and primiparous dairy cows differently.
Journal of dairy science, 2011Co-Authors: J.m. Wittrock, K.l. Proudfoot, Daniel M. Weary, M.a.g. Von KeyserlingkAbstract:Metritis, a common transition disease in dairy cows, reduces milk production during the duration of the disease. To our knowledge, no work has investigated the short-term effects of Metritis on feed intake and the long-term consequences on milk yield and risk of culling. The objectives were to determine the effect of Metritis on 305-d lactation curves, dry matter intake (DMI), reproduction, and the probability of being culled. Identifying differences in response to Metritis between primiparous and multiparous cows was of interest. Milk records were collected twice daily from Holstein cows diagnosed with puerperal Metritis (11 primiparous and 16 multiparous) or classified as healthy (14 primiparous and 43 multiparous) during the first 3 wk after calving. Metritic cows were treated at the discretion of the herd veterinarian. Lactation curves of healthy and metritic cows were compared using a mixed model with a Wilmink function. Differences in DMI, days open, and the number of services per conception were assessed using mixed models. The probabilities that cows with and without Metritis were not bred, were bred but never confirmed pregnant, or were culled were compared using Fisher's exact tests. Primiparous and multiparous animals were assessed separately. Multiparous cows with Metritis produced less milk (35.1 ± 1.5 vs. 39.2 ± 1.0 kg/d), ate less during the 3 wk after calving (12.2 ± 1.2 vs.14.0 ± 0.8 kg/d), and were more likely to be culled (50.0%) than healthy cows (20.9%). The decision to cull was likely influenced by the lower milk yield in early lactation as a result of Metritis; the decision to cull was made early, as 7 of the 8 culled metritic cows were not bred. No differences were found in any measurement between primiparous cows with and without Metritis. These results indicate that Metritis in early lactation has long-term effects on multiparous cows but not primiparous cows.
Rodrigo C. Bicalho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ceftiofur reduced fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with Metritis
Animal microbiome, 2021Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, R. Daetz, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Svetlana Lima, Federico Cunha, K N GalvaoAbstract:BACKGROUND Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with Metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. CONCLUSIONS Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with Metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of Metritis in dairy cows.
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Effect of Chitosan Microparticles on the Uterine Microbiome of Dairy Cows with Metritis
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Klibs N. Galvão, R. Daetz, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Eduardo Barros De Oliveira, Federico Cunha, Kristi Jones, Kwang Cheol Jeong, C.h. Higgins, Marjory Xavier RodriguesAbstract:ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan microparticles on the uterine microbiome of cows with Metritis. Dairy cows with Metritis (n = 89) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: chitosan microparticles (n = 21), in which the cows received an intrauterine infusion of chitosan microparticles at Metritis diagnosis (day 0), day 2, and day 4; ceftiofur (n = 25), in which the cows received a subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur on day 0 and day 3; and no intrauterine or subcutaneous treatment (n = 23). Nonmetritic cows (n = 20) were healthy cows matched with cows with Metritis by the number of days postpartum at Metritis diagnosis. Uterine swab samples collected on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 16S RNA gene copy number quantification by quantitative PCR. Principal-coordinate analysis showed that the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups progressed toward that of the nonmetritic group by day 3, whereas that of the chitosan microparticle-treated group remained unchanged. The differences on day 3 were mainly due to a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteria, particularly Fusobacterium, in the chitosan microparticle-treated group than in the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups. Furthermore, the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated group became similar to that of the nonmetritic group by day 9, whereas the microbiome of the chitosan microparticle-treated and metritic untreated groups became similar to that of the nonmetritic group only by day 12. The total bacterial 16S rRNA gene counts in the chitosan microparticle-treated group were greater than those in the metritic untreated controls on days 6 and 9, whereas the ceftiofur treatment group was the only group in which the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene count became similar to that in the nonmetritic group by day 12. In summary, chitosan microparticles slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur hastened the progression toward a healthy state. IMPORTANCE Third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftiofur, are commonly used to treat Metritis in dairy cows. Chitosan microparticles has been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and to be effective against uterine pathogens in vivo; therefore, they have been hailed as a possible alternative to traditional antibiotics. Nonetheless, in the present study, we saw that chitosan microparticle treatment slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome of cows with Metritis toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur treatment hastened the progression toward a healthy state. Given the lack of an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics and an increased concern about antimicrobial resistance, a greater effort should be devoted to the prevention of Metritis in dairy cows.
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shift of uterine microbiota associated with antibiotic treatment and cure of Metritis in dairy cows
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Svetlana Lima, V.s. Machado, F S Lima, A Vieiraneto, J E P Santos, Klibs N. GalvãoAbstract:Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftiofur and ampicillin are recommended for the treatment of Metritis in dairy cows. Nonetheless, little is known about the impacts of antibiotics on the uterine microbiota. Here, we evaluated the shift in uterine microbiota after treating metritic cows with ceftiofur or ampicillin, and also gained insight into the uterine microbiota associated with cure of Metritis. Uterine swabs from ceftiofur-treated, ampicillin-treated, and untreated metritic Holstein cows were collected on the day of Metritis diagnosis (D1) and on D6 and then used for genomic DNA extraction and sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The uterine microbiota consolidated over time by decreasing species richness and increasing evenness; therefore, becoming more homogeneous. The uterine microbial community showed distinct clustering patterns on D6 according to antibiotic treatment, which could be attributed to more dynamic changes in the microbial structure from D1 to D6 in ceftiofur-treated cows. Ceftiofur led to significant changes at the community level, phylum level, and genus level, whereas the changes in ampicillin and untreated cows, although following the same pattern, were mostly non-significant. Bacteroidetes was significantly increased in ceftiofur-treated cows but was not changed after ampicillin and no treatment. Different responses to antibiotics were observed in Porphyromonas, which increased in relative abundance with ceftiofur and decreased with ampicillin. Regardless of treatment group, failure to cure Metritis was associated with a decrease in diversity of uterine microbiota and an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium.
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Genetic and functional analysis of the bovine uterine microbiota. Part I: Metritis versus healthy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 2017Co-Authors: M.l.s. Bicalho, C.h. Higgins, V.s. Machado, Fabio S. Lima, Rodrigo C. BicalhoAbstract:Metritis is a uterine disease that affects 10 to 30% of all lactating dairy cows and has detrimental effects on reproductive performance, milk production, and survival. Data regarding the identity and abundance of bacterial genes governing traits such as virulence, antibiotic resistance, and stress responses could enable identification of previously unknown agents that play a role in Metritis pathogenesis. Moreover, such knowledge could lead to the development of improved treatments or preventive methods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize the uterine microbial population and to differentiate, for the first time, the microbial functional diversity in cows with Metritis versus healthy cows. In addition, we aimed to identify relationships between microbial genes and postpartum uterine health. Uterine swabs were collected from 24 cows within 3 to 12 d in milk; 12 cows were diagnosed with Metritis and the other 12 were healthy. Metritis was defined as a watery, reddish or brownish uterine discharge having a fetid smell, and rectal temperature greater than 39.5°C. Cows with a clear and viscous uterine discharge, not fetid or mucopurulent, were classified as healthy. Microbial metagenomic DNA from uterine swab samples was subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The MG-RAST server (metagenomic rapid annotations using subsystems technology; http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) and STAMP software (http://kiwi.cs.dal.ca/Software/STAMP) were used to detect statistically significant differences in the abundance of taxonomic and functional features between the uterine microbial metagenomes of metritic and healthy cows. Our results showed an increased abundance of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes in metritic cows, confirming the potential role of those 2 taxa in the pathogenesis of Metritis. The MG-RAST analysis revealed a significantly higher abundance of genes for protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane and type VI bacterial secretion systems in the metritic microbiota. Additionally, genes coding for resistance to acid stress were exclusive to the Metritis microbiota, suggesting that microbial resistance to acid stress is important for microbial survival in the infected uterus. On the other hand, genes coding for adhesion molecules, bacteriocins, and antibacterial peptides were significantly associated with the uterine microbiota of healthy cows, as was tolerance to colicin E2.
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uterine microbiota and immune parameters associated with fever in dairy cows with Metritis
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, N Martinez, R. Daetz, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Svetlana Lima, Federico Cunha, A Vieiraneto, J E P Santos, Casey K Jeong, K N GalvaoAbstract:Objective This study aimed to evaluate bacterial and host factors causing a fever in cows with Metritis. For that, we investigated uterine microbiota using a metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Study 1), and immune response parameters (Study 2) in metritic cows with and without a fever. Principal Findings (Study1) Bacterial communities were similar between the MNoFever and MFever groups based on distance metrics of relative abundance of bacteria. Metritic cows showed a greater prevalence of Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides and Porphyromonas were the largest contributors to that difference. A comparison of relative abundance at the species level pointed to Bacteroides pyogenes as a fever-related species which was significantly abundant in the MFever than the MNoFever and Healthy groups; however, absolute abundance of Bacteroides pyogenes determined by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was similar between MFever and MNoFever groups, but higher than the Healthy group. The same trend was observed in the total number of bacteria. Principal Findings (Study2) The activity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and the production of TNFα, PGE2 metabolite, and PGE2 were evaluated in serum, before disease onset, at 0 and 3 DPP. Cows in the MNoFever had decreased proportion of PMN undergoing phagocytosis and oxidative burst compared with the MFever. The low PMN activity in the MNoFever was coupled with the low production of TNFα, but similar PGE2 metabolite and circulating PGE2. Conclusion/Significance Our study is the first to show a similar microbiome between metritic cows with and without a fever, which indicates that the host response may be more important for fever development than the microbiome. Bacteroides pyogenes was identified as an important pathogen for the development of Metritis but not fever. The decreased inflammatory response may explain the lack of a febrile response in the MNoFever group.
Soo Jin Jeon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ceftiofur reduced fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with Metritis
Animal microbiome, 2021Co-Authors: Soo Jin Jeon, R. Daetz, Rodrigo C. Bicalho, Svetlana Lima, Federico Cunha, K N GalvaoAbstract:BACKGROUND Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with Metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. CONCLUSIONS Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with Metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of Metritis in dairy cows.
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draft genome sequences of bacteroides pyogenes strains isolated from the uterus of holstein dairy cows with Metritis
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Federico Cunha, Soo Jin Jeon, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, K N GalvaoAbstract:Bacteroides pyogenes is found in the human and animal gut and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Metritis in cows. We report the draft genome sequences of four Bacteroides pyogenes isolates obtained from the uterus of metritic cows. This will increase the understanding of its pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and differentiation across hosts.
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draft genome sequences of helcococcus ovis strains isolated at time of Metritis diagnosis from the uterus of holstein dairy cows
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Federico Cunha, Soo Jin Jeon, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, Peter Kutzer, K N GalvaoAbstract:Helcococcus ovis is an emerging pathogen implicated in the pathogenesis of Metritis in dairy cows. Herein, we report the first draft genome sequences of four Helcococcus ovis isolates from the uterus of dairy cows with Metritis. This information will enable a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Fusobacterium necrophorum Strains Isolated from the Uterus of Dairy Cows with Metritis.
Microbiology resource announcements, 2019Co-Authors: Amye M. Francis, Soo Jin Jeon, Federico Cunha, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong, Klibs N. GalvãoAbstract:A commensal in the gastrointestinal tract, Fusobacterium necrophorum is involved in the pathogenicity of abscesses, foot rot, and Metritis in cattle. Here, we present the draft genomes of two Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from the uterus of dairy cows with Metritis to allow for future comparative genome studies.
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Quantifying known and emerging uterine pathogens, and evaluating their association with Metritis and fever in dairy cows
Theriogenology, 2018Co-Authors: Federico Cunha, Carlos A. Risco, Soo Jin Jeon, A. Vieira-neto, R. Daetz, Jimena Laporta, K. Casey Jeong, Anthony F. Barbet, Klibs N. GalvãoAbstract:Abstract Metritis is caused by polymicrobial infection; however, recent metagenomic work challenges the importance of known pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes while identifying potential new pathogens such as Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii and Helcococcus ovis. This study aims to quantify known and emerging uterine pathogens, and to evaluate their association with Metritis and fever in dairy cows. Metritis was diagnosed at 6 ± 2 days postpartum, a uterine swab was collected and rectal temperature was measured. 39 cows were classified into three groups: Healthy (n = 14), Metritis without fever (MNoFever; n = 12), and Metritis with fever (MFever; n = 13). Absolute copy number was determined for total bacteria and for 8 potentially pathogenic bacteria using droplet digital PCR. Both MNoFever and MFever cows had higher copy number of total bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis than Healthy cows. MNoFever and MFever groups were similar. There was no difference among groups in copy number of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and Bacteroides heparinolyticus, and they all had low copy numbers. Our work confirms the importance of some bacteria identified by culture-based studies in the pathogenesis of Metritis such as Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenica; however, it challenges the importance of others such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes at the time of Metritis diagnosis. Additionally, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis were recognized as emerging pathogens involved in the etiology of Metritis. Furthermore, fever was not associated with the total bacterial load or specific bacteria.
