The Experts below are selected from a list of 2436 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Willem J. Ravensberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a roadmap to the successful development and commercialization of Microbial Pest Control products for Control of arthropods
2011Co-Authors: Willem J. RavensbergAbstract:A roadmap to the successful development and commercialization of Microbial Pest Control products for Control of arthropod , A roadmap to the successful development and commercialization of Microbial Pest Control products for... , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
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Mass Production and Product Development of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
A Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods, 2011Co-Authors: Willem J. RavensbergAbstract:The feasibility of economic mass production of the selected strain and the development of a stable product are key factors to a successful Microbial Pest Control product. Two phases are distinguished, the development of the production process, and the development of the product, including formulation, packaging and field testing. The critical technical and economic factors are identified and evaluated for the four types of pathogens. Various production systems are reviewed. Bacteria, fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes are generally produced in vitro. Baculoviruses must be produced in vivo. Advantages and disadvantages in terms of costs, manageability and versatility are provided for each production system. The development of a stable product that is able to deliver effective Pest Control requires a formulation. The four main objectives in formulation are: to stabilize the propagules; to make a user-friendly product; to protect the propagule, once applied; and to minimize risks of exposure to the applicator. Formulation considerations are presented per formulation function as well as per type of pathogen. Field testing is a key phase in the product development which links all steps in the developmental process. It provides information on the efficacy of the selected strain, on the quality of the produced propagules, on the formulation, on the optimal application strategy, on efficacy that is necessary for registration, on compatibility, on the implementation of the product in an IPM system, and on the marketability of the final product. The method of field testing is crucial and should reflect “real world” conditions. A cost price model for bioPesticides is provided with cost factors involved from production to product, and from product to market. The model provides a perspective on the makeup of the end-user’s price and all the costs that must be considered to achieve a profitable business. In the conclusion, production and formulation considerations and recommendations for a economically feasible production are presented. Economy of scale, full use of the production capacity, and capacity planning are essential factors to keep the costs low.
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selection of a Microbial Pest Control agent
2011Co-Authors: Willem J. RavensbergAbstract:From a comparison between academic research and industrial research with regard to the finding and the development of a Microbial Pest Control agent, it is concluded that there is a need for well-defined selection criteria and a complete process description for the entire development of a Microbial Pest Control product. This chapter discusses the exploratory phase of finding a new Microbial Pest Control agent, and the actual screening phase of species and strains of collected insect pathogens, potentially bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and entomopathogenic nematodes. Three decisive selection criteria are identified for a commercial Microbial insecticide: mortality, production efficiency, and safety. Relevant factors in the screening process related to mortality are dose rate, mode of action, speed of kill, host range, sensitivity to abiotic factors, and persistence. Second, the possibility of mass production with high yields is a critical criterion. Third, safety to humans and to the environment is a selection criterion in relation to registration requirements and expenses. Crucial characteristics of each type of pathogen relevant to their utility as crop protection product are noted. Testing methods will be critically reviewed and recommendations for standardization of methods and test conditions will be presented. The consecutive steps in the screening process will be listed with emphasis on economic considerations. The best strain for further development is the one that provides a well-balanced compromise between efficacy and economics.
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implementation of a Microbial Pest Control product in an integrated Pest management programme
2011Co-Authors: Willem J. RavensbergAbstract:Key factors to cost-effective implementation of a Microbial Pest Control product are application strategy, compatibility, and knowledge transfer to the user. This requires the design of a comprehensive integrated Pest management programme in which the Microbial Pest Control product is to be incorporated. The first element is an optimal application strategy per targeted Pest and cropping system. Determinative parameters such as dosage and spray volume are discussed as well as factors that influence these parameters such as the tritrophic plant-host-pathogen relationship. The second element is the incorporation of the Microbial Pest Control product in an IPM system. Compatibility with chemical Pesticides and with beneficial organisms must be established and critical aspects are mentioned for each type of pathogen. Microbial Pest Control products and natural enemies are often simultaneously used in IPM systems to enhance Control. Synergistic, additive and negative interactions are reviewed. Combinations of Microbial Pest Control products and combinations with other means are discussed. The risk of resistance will be briefly treated. The third element is the implementation of a Microbial Pest Control product into practice. Adoption of new products needs knowledge transfer in the entire supply chain to the grower, and pivotal considerations including economic aspects will be reviewed. Requirements and recommendations will be provided on how to accomplish a successful implementation. Considerations will be presented with regard to the compatibility profile, the advantages and the disadvantages of bioPesticides, the cost of the implementation process, and to the potential of combined use of bioPesticides.
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critical factors in the successful commercialization of Microbial Pest Control products
2011Co-Authors: Willem J. RavensbergAbstract:Commercialization is the final and most difficult step in the development and the introduction to the market of a Microbial Pest Control product. The critical factors that determine success or failure are identified for a company as well as for a product, and recommendations are provided that will facilitate success. The history of the bioPesticide industry will be highlighted. Currently available products will be presented, as well as the bioPesticide markets in Europe and the Netherlands. The main crops in which bioPesticides are used are presented as well as the most successful products. Profitability of products in relation to their market size will be analyzed. Critical success and failure factors for a bioPesticide company and for a Microbial Pest Control product are analyzed, and recommendations will be provided on essential factors that need to be considered. Tools will be provided to facilitate decision-making in the commercialization process. Company profiles will be reviewed, and a business model will be identified that currently performs best. Total developmental costs and time to market are essential for a company’s success. Costs amount to €10–15 million for a company that still needs to be built; in an existing company, costs reach €5–10 million. Time to market including registration is 5–7 years. The distribution and sale strategy is reviewed, and various salient options are discussed. Crucial factors for a successful commercialization will be identified, and recommendations will be provided that will increase the chances to develop a successful bioPesticide and to become a profitable and sustainable bioPesticide company.
Rose Gomes Monnerat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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susceptibility of non target invertebrates to brazilian Microbial Pest Control agents
Ecotoxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Eduardo Cyrino Oliveirafilho, Felipe Ramos, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Roberto Teixeira Alves, Daphne Heloisa De Freitas Muniz, Ingrid Souza Freire, Claudio Martin Jonsson, Rose Gomes MonneratAbstract:Microbial Pest Control agents or entomopathogens have been considered an interesting alternative to use instead of chemical insecticides. Knowledge of ecotoxicity data is very important to predict the hazard of any product released in the environment and subsidize the regulation of these products by governmental agencies. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate their acute toxicity to the microcrustacean Daphnia similis, the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella. The microcrustaceans and the snails were exposed to entomopathogens in synthetic softwater and the beetles were exposed directly in cattle dung. Obtained data reveal low susceptibility of the non-target species to tested microorganisms, with lethal concentrations being observed only at much higher concentrations than that effective against target insects. These results show that the tested strains are selective in their action mode and seem to be non-hazardous to non-target species.
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toxicity assessment and clearance of brazilian Microbial Pest Control agents in mice
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Eduardo Cyrino Oliveirafilho, Ricardo S Oliveira, M C Lopes, Felipe Ramos, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Roberto Teixeira Alves, Rose Gomes MonneratAbstract:The environmental toxicology of chemical Pesticides have increased interest in the development and use of Microbial Pest Control agents. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and clearance of these Microbials in C57BL6 mice. No mortality was observed after exposure for any of the microorganisms tested. Clearance was significant after 30 days but for one strain of B. thuringiensis and one of B. sphaericus this time was not enough to completely eliminate the spores.
Véronique Apaire-marchais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microbial Pest Control Agents: Are they a specific and safe tool for insect Pest management?
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Caroline Deshayes, Myriam Siegwart, David Pauron, Josy-anne Froger, Bruno Lapied, Véronique Apaire-marchaisAbstract:Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and fungi) or their bioactive agents can be used as active substances and therefore are referred as Microbial Pest Control Agents (MPCA). They are used as alternative strategies to chemical insecticides to counteract the development of resistances and to reduce adverse effects on both environment and human health. These natural entomopathogenic agents, which have specific modes of action, are generally considered safer as compared to conventional chemical insecticides. Baculoviruses are the only viruses being used as the safest biological Control agents. They infect insects and have narrow host ranges. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most widely and successfully bioinsecticide used in the world in the integrated Pest management programs. Bt mainly produces crystal delta-endotoxins and secreted toxins. However, the Bt toxins are not stable for a very long time and are highly sensitive to solar UV. So genetically modified plants that express toxins have been developed and represent a large part of the phytosanitary biological products. Finally, entomopathogenic fungi and particularly, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, are also used for their insecticidal properties. Most studies on various aspects of the safety of MPCA to human, non-target organisms and environment have only reported acute but not chronic toxicity. This paper reviews the modes of action of MPCA, their toxicological risks to human health and ecotoxicological profiles together with their environmental persistence. This review is part of the special issue "Insecticide Mode of Action: From Insect to Mammalian Toxicity.
D K Bhattacharya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization in Microbial Pest Control an integrated approach
Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2010Co-Authors: Suma Ghosh, D K BhattacharyaAbstract:Abstract The paper deals with optimal management of agricultural Pest population under integrated Control arising out of viral infection and spraying of Pesticide. The costs of the Control measures and the profits or projected profits of the biomass of species give rise to a Control theoretic optimization problem. We take a four dimensional mathematical model of Pest Control under viral infection and Pesticide, and apply Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP) to find out the necessary conditions on economic as well as on ecological parameters to make the Control process maximum profitable.
Eduardo Cyrino Oliveirafilho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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susceptibility of non target invertebrates to brazilian Microbial Pest Control agents
Ecotoxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Eduardo Cyrino Oliveirafilho, Felipe Ramos, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Roberto Teixeira Alves, Daphne Heloisa De Freitas Muniz, Ingrid Souza Freire, Claudio Martin Jonsson, Rose Gomes MonneratAbstract:Microbial Pest Control agents or entomopathogens have been considered an interesting alternative to use instead of chemical insecticides. Knowledge of ecotoxicity data is very important to predict the hazard of any product released in the environment and subsidize the regulation of these products by governmental agencies. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate their acute toxicity to the microcrustacean Daphnia similis, the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella. The microcrustaceans and the snails were exposed to entomopathogens in synthetic softwater and the beetles were exposed directly in cattle dung. Obtained data reveal low susceptibility of the non-target species to tested microorganisms, with lethal concentrations being observed only at much higher concentrations than that effective against target insects. These results show that the tested strains are selective in their action mode and seem to be non-hazardous to non-target species.
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toxicity assessment and clearance of brazilian Microbial Pest Control agents in mice
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Eduardo Cyrino Oliveirafilho, Ricardo S Oliveira, M C Lopes, Felipe Ramos, Cesar Koppe Grisolia, Roberto Teixeira Alves, Rose Gomes MonneratAbstract:The environmental toxicology of chemical Pesticides have increased interest in the development and use of Microbial Pest Control agents. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and clearance of these Microbials in C57BL6 mice. No mortality was observed after exposure for any of the microorganisms tested. Clearance was significant after 30 days but for one strain of B. thuringiensis and one of B. sphaericus this time was not enough to completely eliminate the spores.