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Maria Pieters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of pig gut microbiota on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae susceptibility
Veterinary Research, 2019Co-Authors: Meera Surendran Nair, Tyson Eucker, Brian Martinson, Axel Neubauer, Joseph Victoria, Bryon Nicholson, Maria PietersAbstract:AbstractThis study investigated the influence of gut microbiome composition in modulating susceptibility to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs. Thirty-two conventional M. hyopneumoniae free piglets were randomly selected from six different litters at 3 weeks of age and were experimentally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae at 8 weeks of age. Lung lesion scores (LS) were recorded 4 weeks post-inoculation (12 weeks of age) from piglet lungs at necropsy. Fecal bacterial community composition of piglets at 3, 8 and 12 weeks of age were targeted by amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The LS ranged from 0.3 to 43% with an evident clustering of the scores observed in piglets within litters. There were significant differences in species richness and alpha diversity in fecal microbiomes among piglets within litters at different time points (p
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Serum metabolite markers of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs
Veterinary Research, 2019Co-Authors: Meera Surendran Nair, Chi Chen, Maria PietersAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , the primary pathogenic bacterium causing enzootic pneumonia, significantly affects worldwide swine production. The infection is usually persistent and bacterial identification and isolation of M. hyopneumoniae in clinical samples are challenging due to the fastidious requirements for its growth. Hence, new practical surveillance tools that improve or complement existing diagnostics on M. hyopneumoniae are desirable, especially in early infection. The objective of this study was to identify potential metabolite markers of early M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs through metabolomics analysis. Samples obtained from pigs in a previous M. hyopneumoniae experimental infection were used in this study. Briefly, two pigs served as mock inoculated controls and ten pigs were intra-tracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae . Sera, laryngeal swabs (LS), and tracheo-bronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) were collected from all pigs at 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Bronchial swabs (BS) were collected post-mortem at 28 dpi. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed by PCR in LS, TBLF and BS. Serum metabolites were profiled using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Metabolite markers were identified by structural analysis following multivariate analysis of LC–MS data. The results showed that M. hyopneumoniae infection time-dependently altered the serum levels of selective amino acids and fatty acids. α-Aminobutyric acid and long-chain fatty acids were markedly increased at 14 and 21 dpi in inoculated pigs ( p
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae variability current trends and proposed terminology for genomic classification
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Alyssa M Betlach, Freddy Haesebrouck, Dominiek Maes, Pablo Tamiozzo, Laura Garzamoreno, Marina Sibila, Joaquim Segales, Maria PietersAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the aetiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia in swine, a prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a small, self-replicating microorganism that possesses several characteristics allowing for limited biosynthetic abilities, resulting in the fastidious, host-specific growth and unique pathogenic properties of this microorganism. Variation across several isolates of M. hyopneumoniae has been described at antigenic, proteomic, transcriptomic, pathogenic and genomic levels. The microorganism possesses a minimal number of genes that regulate the transcription process. Post-translational modifications (PTM) occur frequently in a wide range of functional proteins. The PTM by which M. hyopneumoniae regulates its surface topography could play key roles in cell adhesion, evasion and/or modulation of the host immune system. The clinical outcome of M. hyopneumoniae infections is determined by different factors, such as housing conditions, management practices, co-infections and also by virulence differences among M. hyopneumoniae isolates. Factors contributing to adherence and colonization as well as the capacity to modulate inflammatory and immune responses might be crucial. Different components of the cell membrane (i.e. proteins, glycoproteins and lipoproteins) may serve as adhesins and/or be toxic for the respiratory tract cells. Mechanisms leading to virulence are complex and more research is needed to identify markers for virulence. The utilization of typing methods and complete or partial-gene sequencing for M. hyopneumoniae characterization has increased in diagnostic laboratories as control and elimination strategies for this microorganism are attempted worldwide. A commonly employed molecular typing method for M. hyopneumoniae is Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA). The agreement of a shared terminology and classification for the various techniques, specifically MLVA, has not been described, which makes inferences across the literature unsuitable. Therefore, molecular trends for M. hyopneumoniae have been outlined and a common terminology and classification based on Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) types has been proposed.
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acclimation strategies in gilts to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Garzamoreno, Maria Pieters, Joaquim Segales, Anna Romagosa, Marina SibilaAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary causative agent of enzootic pneumonia (EP), one of the most economically important infectious disease for the swine industry worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae transmission occurs mainly by direct contact (nose-to-nose) between infected to susceptible pigs as well as from infected dams to their offspring (sow-to-piglet). Since disease severity has been correlated with M. hyopneumoniae prevalence at weaning in some studies, and gilts are considered the main bacterial shedders, an effective gilt acclimation program should help controlling M. hyopneumoniae in swine farms. The present review summarizes the different M. hyopneumoniae monitoring strategies of incoming gilts and recipient herd and proposes a farm classification according to their health statuses. The medication and vaccination programs against M. hyopneumoniae most used in replacement gilts are reviewed as well. Gilt replacement acclimation against M. hyopneumoniae in Europe and North America indicates that vaccination is the main strategy used, but there is a current trend in US to deliberately expose gilts to the pathogen.
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae management in gilts
Veterinary Record, 2016Co-Authors: Maria Pieters, Eduardo FanoAbstract:ACQUIRING high health replacement females has become a common practice in the pig industry, as producers aim to manage healthier pigs and apply strict biosecurity to keep pathogens at bay. However, depending of the health status of the recipient herd, this practice may carry unwanted challenges. Health challenges in the incoming and recipient females need to be properly managed in order to avoid health issues and production disruption in the recipient herd. Here, we propose a targeted timeline for acclimatisation of negative gilts entering a farm endemically infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae . Considering two important epidemiological features of M hyopneumoniae – …
Shao Guo-qing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advancement of Adhesins on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Other Mycoplasmas
Progress in Modern Biomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Shao Guo-qingAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of Mycoplasma pneumonia of Swine(MPS).Its adhesins play an important role in the pathogenesis process.In this article,some adhesins of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other Mycoplasmas in the latest reseach at home and abroad were discussed,so as to provide new ideas for the further research on the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the prevention of the disease.
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Ways to isolate Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Shao Guo-qingAbstract:Four methods(shearing directly by scissors,grinding by mortar,stirring by homogenate machine,and lavaging from bronchus)were designed to deal with swine lung tissue to study the effects of treating methods on the isolation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.The results showed that the methods of shearing and lavaging had less influence on the activity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae than the methods of grinding and stiring.Three methods of shearing,lavaging and grinding were used for the isolation experiment of 100 lung tissues samples.One virulent strain was obtained by the method of shearing,with the isolation rate of 1%.Seven strains were obtained by the method of grinding,with the isolation rate of 7%.Two strains was obtained by the method of lavaging,with the isolation rate of 2%.The results indicated that the method of grinding for isolation and culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was better than the methods of lavaging and shearing.The method of grinding offered a fairly good reference.
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Overview on the Immunity Mechanism and Effectiveness of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug, 2012Co-Authors: Shao Guo-qingAbstract:There was a good result in the application of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine.In this paper,the immunological characteristics of inactivated vaccine which was mainly to humoral immunity and of attenuated vaccine which was to mucosal and cellular immune responses were introduced.The occupying effect may be one of a unique immune mechanism of attenuated vaccine.More important,an improvement direction of inactivated vaccine and three measures to ensure the efficient immune of attenuated vaccine were put forward in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine in the future.
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DnaK Gene and ELISA Method
Journal of Jinling Institute of Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Shao Guo-qingAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhp) is the etiologic agent of Mycoplasma pneumonia in swine.In this study the DnaK gene of strain NJ is amplified by gene splicing with overlap extension PCR using a pair of inside-mutation primers.The PCR product is inserted into expression plasmid pET-28a(+).The recombinant plasmid is transformed into competent cells of BL21(DE3) and it contains correct object fragments by sequencing.It is induced to express by 1 mmol/L IPTG at 37°C for 5 hours.The dose of the recombinant protein is nearly 14.1% of the total product.The expression product of interest and its biological activities are characterized with Western blotting and ELISA analysis.This study provides the basis for diagnose agent and future preparation of new vaccine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
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Sequence analysis of adhesin gene of different Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains.
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Liu Maojun, Shao Guo-qing, Zhang YingAbstract:The genomic DNA was extracted from different attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains.The adhesion gene P97 were amplified by PCR,and then were sequenced.The base composition of DNA sequences of P97 and amino acid sequence deduced from different attenuated strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were compared,and the relationship between genetic variation and virulence was analyzed.The results showed that there was some relationship between genetic variation and virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.But there were other genes associated with virulence besides P97.
Eliane Gasparino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toll-Like Receptor 6 differential expression in two pig genetic groups vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
2011Co-Authors: Katiene Régia Silva Sousa, André Mauric Frossard Ribeiro, Paulo Roberto Nunes Goes, Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães, Paulo Sávio Lopes, Renata Veroneze, Eliane GasparinoAbstract:Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia, which causes important economic losses to swine industry. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors which detect microbial presence and initiate the innate as well as the adaptative immune defense. Toll-like receptor 6 is a type I transmembrane protein that recognizes bacterial components. The aim of this study was to compare mRNA expression pattern of TLR6 gene in two genetically distinct groups of pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
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Toll-Like Receptor 6 differential expression in two pig genetic groups vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
BMC proceedings, 2011Co-Authors: Katiene Régia Silva Sousa, Paulo Sávio Lopes, Renata Veroneze, André Mauric Frossard Ribeiro, Paulo Roberto Nunes Goes, Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães, Eliane GasparinoAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia, which causes important economic losses to swine industry. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors which detect microbial presence and initiate the innate as well as the adaptative immune defense. Toll-like receptor 6 is a type I transmembrane protein that recognizes bacterial components. The aim of this study was to compare mRNA expression pattern of TLR6 gene in two genetically distinct groups of pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. For each genetic group, peripheral blood was collected just before and 10 days after vaccination from 10 Naturalized Brazilian Piau breed and 10 Commercial White Line serum-negative female piglets. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), reverse transcripted and the qRT-PCR performed using SYBR green fluorescence system, using GAPDH gene as endogenous control. Analyses were performed by UNIVARIATE (Shapiro-Wilk test) and MIXED procedures of SAS software (version 9.0). It was observed significant interaction between breed and vaccination, being the TLR6 mRNA expression higher in the Commercial White line than in the Piau breed after vaccination. Furthermore, there was differential expression before and after vaccination in the Commercial White line. Analysis of in TLR6 gene expression showed difference between the two distinct genetic groups, however, other TLRs gene expression must be evaluated for a better understanding of innate resistance in the pig concerning Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection.
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Toll-Like Receptor 6 differential expression in two pig genetic groups vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
BMC Proceedings, 2011Co-Authors: Katiene Régia Silva Sousa, Paulo Sávio Lopes, Renata Veroneze, André Mauric Frossard Ribeiro, Paulo Roberto Nunes Goes, Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães, Eliane GasparinoAbstract:Abstract Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia, which causes important economic losses to swine industry. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors which detect microbial presence and initiate the innate as well as the adaptative immune defense. Toll-like receptor 6 is a type I transmembrane protein that recognizes bacterial components. The aim of this study was to compare mRNA expression pattern of TLR6 gene in two genetically distinct groups of pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Methods For each genetic group, peripheral blood was collected just before and 10 days after vaccination from 10 Naturalized Brazilian Piau breed and 10 Commercial White Line serum-negative female piglets. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), reverse transcripted and the qRT-PCR performed using SYBR green fluorescence system, using GAPDH gene as endogenous control. Analyses were performed by UNIVARIATE (Shapiro-Wilk test) and MIXED procedures of SAS software (version 9.0). Results It was observed significant interaction between breed and vaccination, being the TLR6 mRNA expression higher in the Commercial White line than in the Piau breed after vaccination. Furthermore, there was differential expression before and after vaccination in the Commercial White line. Conclusions Analysis of in TLR6 gene expression showed difference between the two distinct genetic groups, however, other TLRs gene expression must be evaluated for a better understanding of innate resistance in the pig concerning Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection.
Chung Nan Weng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination influence on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae coinfection
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2001Co-Authors: D. S. Silin, O. V. Lyubomska, Chung Nan WengAbstract:Silin D. S., Lyubomska O. V., Chung Nan Weng: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccination Influence on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Coinfection. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 413-420. Simultaneous vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae can decrease the efficacy of the separate vaccination. The aim of present research was to clarify whether immunization against M. hyopneumoniae only protects against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome development. The challenge test with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and M. hyopneumoniae was performed in experimental conditions on swine groups with different immune protection against M. hyopneumoniae. The experiment was conducted on twenty specific pathogen free three-month-old piglets that previously acquired varying levels of protection against M. hyopneumoniae via oral or subcutaneous vaccination. The results suggest that M. hyopneumoniae initiates the pathogenic chain of M. hyopneumoniae - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection. Simultaneously vaccinated via oral and parenteral routes animals demonstrated maximal scoring of M. hyopneumoniae lesions (5.0 against 2.0 in control group), therefore such strategy seems unreasonable. The immunization against M. hyopneumoniae undoubtedly influences the development of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - M. hyopneumoniae co-infection, however, the interactions between infectious agents and immune defense depend on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of immunity. These interactions are multi-factorial and too complicated for an absolutely correct prognosis. The protection against M. hyopneumoniae disease development can prevent or, at least, delay porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in piglets and vice versa: the lung lesions and immune suppression caused by M. hyopneumoniae can open the gate to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, which additionally complicates pathogenesis and leads to unfavorable consequences. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, vaccination, co-infection, pathogenesis
Freddy Haesebrouck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae variability current trends and proposed terminology for genomic classification
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Alyssa M Betlach, Freddy Haesebrouck, Dominiek Maes, Pablo Tamiozzo, Laura Garzamoreno, Marina Sibila, Joaquim Segales, Maria PietersAbstract:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the aetiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia in swine, a prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a small, self-replicating microorganism that possesses several characteristics allowing for limited biosynthetic abilities, resulting in the fastidious, host-specific growth and unique pathogenic properties of this microorganism. Variation across several isolates of M. hyopneumoniae has been described at antigenic, proteomic, transcriptomic, pathogenic and genomic levels. The microorganism possesses a minimal number of genes that regulate the transcription process. Post-translational modifications (PTM) occur frequently in a wide range of functional proteins. The PTM by which M. hyopneumoniae regulates its surface topography could play key roles in cell adhesion, evasion and/or modulation of the host immune system. The clinical outcome of M. hyopneumoniae infections is determined by different factors, such as housing conditions, management practices, co-infections and also by virulence differences among M. hyopneumoniae isolates. Factors contributing to adherence and colonization as well as the capacity to modulate inflammatory and immune responses might be crucial. Different components of the cell membrane (i.e. proteins, glycoproteins and lipoproteins) may serve as adhesins and/or be toxic for the respiratory tract cells. Mechanisms leading to virulence are complex and more research is needed to identify markers for virulence. The utilization of typing methods and complete or partial-gene sequencing for M. hyopneumoniae characterization has increased in diagnostic laboratories as control and elimination strategies for this microorganism are attempted worldwide. A commonly employed molecular typing method for M. hyopneumoniae is Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA). The agreement of a shared terminology and classification for the various techniques, specifically MLVA, has not been described, which makes inferences across the literature unsuitable. Therefore, molecular trends for M. hyopneumoniae have been outlined and a common terminology and classification based on Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) types has been proposed.
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multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis is a suitable tool for differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains without cultivation
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Katleen Vranckx, Dominiek Maes, Dries Calus, Iris Villarreal, Frank Pasmans, Freddy HaesebrouckAbstract:An assay based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis allowed differentiating and studying diversity and persistence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains in pig herds without prior cultivation. The test had a discriminatory index of >0.99 and was applied reliably to porcine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal swabs.
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In Vitro Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Field Isolates
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2004Co-Authors: Jo Vicca, Tim Stakenborg, D. Maes, Patrick Butaye, J Peeters, A. De Kruif, Freddy HaesebrouckAbstract:The in vitro susceptibilities of 21 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates were determined using a broth microdilution technique. One isolate showed acquired resistance to lincomycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin, while five isolates were resistant to flumequine and enrofloxacin. Acquired resistance against these antimicrobials in M. hyopneumoniae field isolates was not reported previously.
