The Experts below are selected from a list of 219 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fernando Vázquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sneeze related area in the medulla localisation of the human sneezing centre
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: M Seijomartinez, Arturo Varelafreijanes, Jesus Grandes, Fernando VázquezAbstract:Sneezing is a rarely explored symptom in neurological practice. In the cat, a sneeze evoking centre is located in the medulla. The existence of a sneezing centre has not been confirmed in humans. A case with abnormal sneezing secondary to a strategic infarct in the right latero-medullary region is presented. A 66 year old man suddenly presented paroxysmal sneezing followed by ataxia, right sided motor and sensory symptoms, and hoarseness. The application of stimuli to the right Nasal Fossa did not evoke sneezing nor the wish to sneeze. The same stimuli to the contralateral Nasal Fossa evoked normal sneezing. The preservation of the superficial sensitivity of the Nasal Fossa indicates that the lesion was localised in the hypothetical human sneezing centre, very close to the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus. This centre appears to be bilateral and functionally independent on both sides.
Timothy D Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Size of Olfactory Structures in Strepsirhines: Ontogenetic and Ecological Factors
Leaping Ahead, 2012Co-Authors: Timothy D Smith, Laura J. Alport, Anne M. BurrowsAbstract:The importance of olfaction in social and dietary contexts for strepsirhine primates has been established by numerous field studies. Such work supports inferences drawn from data on olfactory structures in the primate brain. Surprisingly few detailed studies exist on development and variations in the peripheral olfactory organs. This chapter provides an update on ontogeny and distribution of the olfactory and vomeroNasal neuroepithelia in the Nasal Fossa of strepsirhines.
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A Quantitative Study of Olfactory, Non-Olfactory, and VomeroNasal Epithelia in the Nasal Fossa of the Bat Megaderma lyra
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Timothy D Smith, Thomas P. Eiting, Kunwar P. BhatnagarAbstract:In complexity, the mammalian Nasal Fossa is unparalleled among vertebrates. Although total Nasal epithelial surface areas (SA) have been reported for numerous mammals, detailed quantitative reports on individual structures exist for few mammals. Here, we examine mucosal distribution in the Nasal Fossa of the greater false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra (Megadermatidae, Chiropera). The SA of the left Nasal Fossa of one adult Megaderma was measured in serial histological sections; the development of the Nasal Fossa was assessed using three fetal specimens. The Nasal Fossa of Megaderma has seven ethmoturbinals and multiple smaller interturbinals between them, all bearing olfactory mucosa. Nearly half of the total olfactory SA of the Nasal Fossa lines these turbinals; the remainder lines recesses and parts of the medial (septal) and lateral walls of the Nasal Fossa. The maxilloturbinal is diminutive, and the nasoturbinal is absent. Volumetric measurements of the fetal and adult vomeroNasal organ suggest age-related reduction. Thirty-five percent of the Nasal Fossa is lined with olfactory mucosa, within the range reported previously for chiropterans. In Megaderma the frontal recess contributes little to total Nasal SA (2% of all olfactory SA). This represents a significant departure in morphology compared to other mammals, including some bats, in which the frontal recess is much larger. The significance of the emphasis in olfactory SA distribution to central or more peripheral (paraNasal) spaces could be investigated using a large sample of phylogenetically diverse mammals, such as bats. This study emphasizes the need for more histological detail to further such studies.
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Distribution of Olfactory and Nonolfactory Surface Area in the Nasal Fossa of Microcebus murinus: Implications for Microcomputed Tomography and Airflow Studies
Anatomical record (Hoboken N.J. : 2007), 2011Co-Authors: Timothy D Smith, Thomas P. Eiting, James B RossieAbstract:The Nasal Fossa of most mammals exemplifies extreme skeletal complexity. Thin scrolls of bone (turbinals) that both elaborate surface area (SA) and subdivide Nasal space are used as morphological proxies for olfactory and respiratory physiology. The present study offers additional details on the Nasal Fossa of the adult mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), previously described by Smith and Rossie (Smith and Rossie [2008]; Anatomical Record 291:895–915). Additional, intervening histological sections of the specimen were used to map and quantify the distribution of olfactory and nonolfactory mucosa on the smaller turbinal of the frontal recess (FR; frontoturbinal) and those that occur between ethmoturbinals (ETs; interturbinals). A second adult Microcebus specimen, available as a dried skull, was scanned using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and reconstructed to infer the position of these turbinals within the Nasal airway. Overall, turbinal bones comprise more than half of internal Nasal SA. All ETs combined comprise about 30% of total Nasal Fossa SA, and contribute nearly half of all olfactory SA. Of these, the nasoturbinal (NT) is most completely covered with olfactory mucosa, whereas ET I is least covered with olfactory mucosa. The FR contributes significantly to total olfactory SA (ca. 20%). This recess and the single frontoturbinal within it lie in a more lateral pathway of airflow compared with interturbinals, which lie in more central zone just anterior to the olfactory recess of Microcebus. Variations in the turbinals and recesses that complicate central and paraNasal in primates should be investigated further in light of zone-specific distributions of olfactory receptors (ORs) that differ between these regions in rodents. Anat Rec, 2011 © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Nasal Fossa of mouse and dwarf lemurs primates cheirogaleidae
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Timothy D Smith, James B RossieAbstract:Dimensions of the external midface in mammals are sometimes related to olfactory abilities (e.g., “olfactory snouts” of strepsirrhine primates). This association hinges on the largely unexplored relationship between the protruding midface and internal topography of the Nasal Fossae. Herein, serially sectioned heads of embryonic to adult cheirogaleid primates (mouse and dwarf lemurs) and a comparative sample were studied. To assess the anteroposterior distribution of olfactory epithelium (OE) within the Nasal Fossa, the surface area of OE and non-OE was measured in two mouse lemurs (one adult, one infant). Prenatally, ethmoturbinal projections appear in an anteroposterior sequence. Fetal mouse lemurs, tenrecs, voles, and flying lemurs have four ethmoturbinals that project toward the Nasal septum. Major distinctions among these mammals include the number of turbinals in recesses and the extent of the olfactory recess. Surface area measurements in the adult mouse lemur reveal that 31% of the entire Nasal Fossa is lined with OE. The majority is sequestered in a posterior recess (70% OE). Anterior to this space, only 28% of the Nasal Fossa is lined with OE. Ethmoturbinal I is lined with relatively less OE (35%) compared with more posterior ethmoturbinals (46–57%). Age comparisons support the idea that OE increases less than non-OE between ages. Regionally, results suggest that most growth in surface area occurs in turbinals. But in all ethmoturbinals, surface area of non-OE differs between ages more than that of OE. This study shows that the anterior part of the Nasal Fossa is mostly nonolfactory in Microcebus murinus. Anat Rec, 291:895–915, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Nasal Fossa of Mouse and Dwarf Lemurs (Primates, Cheirogaleidae)
Anatomical record (Hoboken N.J. : 2007), 2008Co-Authors: Timothy D Smith, James B RossieAbstract:Dimensions of the external midface in mammals are sometimes related to olfactory abilities (e.g., "olfactory snouts" of strepsirrhine primates). This association hinges on the largely unexplored relationship between the protruding midface and internal topography of the Nasal Fossae. Herein, serially sectioned heads of embryonic to adult cheirogaleid primates (mouse and dwarf lemurs) and a comparative sample were studied. To assess the anteroposterior distribution of olfactory epithelium (OE) within the Nasal Fossa, the surface area of OE and non-OE was measured in two mouse lemurs (one adult, one infant). Prenatally, ethmoturbinal projections appear in an anteroposterior sequence. Fetal mouse lemurs, tenrecs, voles, and flying lemurs have four ethmoturbinals that project toward the Nasal septum. Major distinctions among these mammals include the number of turbinals in recesses and the extent of the olfactory recess. Surface area measurements in the adult mouse lemur reveal that 31% of the entire Nasal Fossa is lined with OE. The majority is sequestered in a posterior recess (70% OE). Anterior to this space, only 28% of the Nasal Fossa is lined with OE. Ethmoturbinal I is lined with relatively less OE (35%) compared with more posterior ethmoturbinals (46-57%). Age comparisons support the idea that OE increases less than non-OE between ages. Regionally, results suggest that most growth in surface area occurs in turbinals. But in all ethmoturbinals, surface area of non-OE differs between ages more than that of OE. This study shows that the anterior part of the Nasal Fossa is mostly nonolfactory in Microcebus murinus.
M Seijomartinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sneeze related area in the medulla localisation of the human sneezing centre
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: M Seijomartinez, Arturo Varelafreijanes, Jesus Grandes, Fernando VázquezAbstract:Sneezing is a rarely explored symptom in neurological practice. In the cat, a sneeze evoking centre is located in the medulla. The existence of a sneezing centre has not been confirmed in humans. A case with abnormal sneezing secondary to a strategic infarct in the right latero-medullary region is presented. A 66 year old man suddenly presented paroxysmal sneezing followed by ataxia, right sided motor and sensory symptoms, and hoarseness. The application of stimuli to the right Nasal Fossa did not evoke sneezing nor the wish to sneeze. The same stimuli to the contralateral Nasal Fossa evoked normal sneezing. The preservation of the superficial sensitivity of the Nasal Fossa indicates that the lesion was localised in the hypothetical human sneezing centre, very close to the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus. This centre appears to be bilateral and functionally independent on both sides.
Y Sittampalam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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racial differences in Nasal Fossa dimensions determined by acoustic rhinometry
Rhinology, 1995Co-Authors: N Morgan, M A Birchall, Valerie J. Lund, F Macgregor, Y SittampalamAbstract:Sixty acoustic rhinographs from subjects of three different ethnic groups (Caucasian [Europeans], Negro, and Oriental) were examined at baseline and after decongestion. The main parameters analysed were minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), the distance at which this occurred (D), Nasal volume at 0-4 cm (Vol), mean cross-sectional area at 0-6 cm (MA), and the cross-sectional area at 10 points in the nose (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm) analysed as a series (A). Values from left and right were combined and mean values used. Analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression and grouped linear regression with analysis of covariance and, for A, multifactorial analysis of variance. For MCA, race was the main determining factor with Orientals and Caucasians significantly lower than Negroes: p<0.0001 (corrected means and 95% confidence intervals [c.i.]: Orientals: 0.63 cm2, 0.55-0.71 cm2; Caucasians: 0.69 cm2, 0.62-0.77 cm2; Negroes: 0.87 cm2, 0.79-0.95 cm2). Height alone correlated with D in the decongested state (p<0.0001); race as well as height in non-decongested noses (p = 0.018). There were significant racial differences in Vol in both decongested (p = 0.014), and non decongested noses (p<0.0001). In the non-decongested state MA was significantly different in all racial groups: p<0.0001 (corrected means and c.i.: Orientals: 3.89 cm2, 3.47-4.31 cm2; Caucasians: 4.67 cm2, 4.27-5.09 cm2; Negroes: 5.13 cm2, 4.72-5.53 cm2). In the decongested state there was a significant difference between Negroes and the other two groups (p = 0.015), and Orientals and Caucasians were a homogenous population. We conclude that race has a significant effect on acoustic rhinometry measurements and this needs to be taken into account.
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Racial differences in Nasal Fossa dimensions determined by acoustic rhinometry.
Rhinology, 1995Co-Authors: N J Morgan, F B Macgregor, M A Birchall, Valerie J. Lund, Y SittampalamAbstract:Sixty acoustic rhinographs from subjects of three different ethnic groups (Caucasian [Europeans], Negro, and Oriental) were examined at baseline and after decongestion. The main parameters analysed were minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), the distance at which this occurred (D), Nasal volume at 0-4 cm (Vol), mean cross-sectional area at 0-6 cm (MA), and the cross-sectional area at 10 points in the nose (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm) analysed as a series (A). Values from left and right were combined and mean values used. Analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression and grouped linear regression with analysis of covariance and, for A, multifactorial analysis of variance. For MCA, race was the main determining factor with Orientals and Caucasians significantly lower than Negroes: p
J P Fontanel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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[Treatments of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the Nasal mucosa]
Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord), 2005Co-Authors: Emmanuel Babin, Florent Faure, M Borsik, S Braccard, J P Fontanel, Louis Crampette, Roger Jankowski, V Darrouzet, Emmanuel Houdart, G Le ClechAbstract:UNLABELLED: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia is a systemic autosomal dominant disorder involving blood vessels. The most common symptom is recurrent epistaxis. The treatments of these epistaxis are numerous but such treatments are often symptomatic and their effects are often not sustained. Some of these treatments may be complicated by visceral vascular malformations. The aim of this study is to propose a treatment plan for these patients with hierarchical organisation of therapeutic options taking into account of their previous therapy. METHOD: H. Plauchu organized in Paris, december 2002 a meeting with any medical specialists of this disease. They have analysed variety of therapies that have been proposed for epistaxis control in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia. RESULTS: Most common use packing of Nasal Fossa and then hyperselective embolization of the internal maxillary and facial arteries for severe epistaxis. For chronic epistaxis, best treatment use sclerotics products (Ethibloc) and laser. After discussion, primary embolization could be useful to reduce vascularization of Nasal Fossa. CONCLUSION: Treatment of epistaxis in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia could increase in few years. Use of an index card of for epistaxis in the disease of Rendu-Osler could help to find treatment of choice.
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Endoscopic approach of the pterygopalatine Fossa: report of one case.
Rhinology, 1994Co-Authors: Jean-michel Klossek, Jean-claude Ferrie, Jean-michel Goujon, J P FontanelAbstract:We report one case of schwannoma of the pterygopalatine Fossa. The pre-operative management and post-operative follow-up are presented. For this uncommon localization, we propose an endoscopic approach via the Nasal Fossa and the maxillary sinus. The advantages and limitations of this technique are discussed.
