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Ian D. Whittington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the Nasal Tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
Zootaxa, 2006Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Capsaloides magnaspinosus (Monogenea: Capsalidae) is redescribed from whole mounts and scanning electron micrographs of material collected from the Nasal Tissue of the striped marlin, Tetrapterus audax (Philippe, 1887), off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia. This represents a new host and locality record for this capsalid species. Capsaloides is revised based on the examination of type-material and published descriptions. We consider 7 of the 10 previously described species to be valid. Some characters, such as depth of the posterior notch of the body, which were used previously to discriminate between species of Capsaloides, appear to be questionable. Careful examination of type-material has led us to propose that C. istiophori, C. marielenae and C. tetrapteri are synonyms of C. perugiai. The possibility that C. cristatus and C. hoffmannae are synonymous with C. sinuatus is also discussed.
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Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the Nasal Tissue of Dasyatis kuhlii (Dasyatidae) from Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia.
The Journal of parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from specimens from the Nasal Tissue of the blue-spotted maskray Dasyatis kuhlii (Muller and Henle, 1841) collected in shallow waters off Pulau Banggi and Pulau Mabul, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. This is the first monogenean species to be described from an elasmobranch collected from Sabah. E. stenophallus can be distinguished from the other 6 members of the genus by the morphology of the sclerotized male copulatory organ, which is narrow, short, and distally tapered. E. dasyatidis Whittington and Kearn, 1992, previously documented from the Nasal Tissue of several of elasmobranch species from Australia, is recorded from 8 host species distributed around Malaysian Borneo. These represent new host and locality records for this monocotylid. The difficulties in identifying species of Empruthotrema and the apparent lack of host specificity by some members of the genus are discussed.
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Invasion of the shovelnose ray (Rhinobatos typus) by Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis and Merizocotyle icopae (Monogenea: Monocotylidae).
Parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:SUMMARY This study examined the route of infection by free-swimming larvae of 2 monocotylid monogeneans that inhabit the gills (Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis) and the Nasal Tissue (Merizocotyle icopae) of the shovelnose ray, Rhinobatos typus, from Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Larvae of N. rhinobatidis and M. icopae attached directly to the gills and the Nasal Tissue of the ray, respectively, and did not first settle on the skin. Initial development of the post-oncomiracidium of N. rhinobatidis was rapid and hamuli formed between 6 and 24 h p.i. at a mean temperature of 26 xC. However, growth then slowed markedly and was variable ; only 2 fully mature individuals were found 20 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24 . 5 xC. Development of M. icopae was slow and variable throughout ; hamuli did not appear until 10 days p.i. and no mature individuals were obtained even 22 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24 . 5 xC. No character could be found as an indicator of parasite age for N. rhinobatidis or M. icopae due to the high variability in development in both species.
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Efficacy of Praziquantel Bath Treatments for Monogenean Infections of the Rhinobatos typus
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2002Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of the anthelmintic Praziquantel in removing monocotylid monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) from the branchial Tissue (Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis, N. rhynchobatis, and Troglocephalus rhinobatidis) and Nasal Tissue (Merizocotyle icopae) of juvenile giant shovelnose rays Rhinobatos typus from Heron Island, Australia, was studied. Although effective in removing monogeneans in vivo from the skin and gills of the teleost yellow stripey Lutjanus carponotatus from the same locality, two 2-h treatments using 20 mg/L Praziquantel was ineffective for the giant shovelnose ray. Adult monocotylids were removed, but many post-oncomiracidia and some juveniles remained attached. Juvenile and adult N. rhinobatidis and T. rhinobatidis reacted similarly when exposed to 20 mg/L Praziquantel during in vitro experiments, exhibiting muscle contractions and dying after 12 and 14 h, respectively. We attribute the failure to remove small monogenean stages in vivo to the structure of the branchial and Nasal tissu...
Leslie A. Chisholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Septitrema lichae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the Nasal Tissues of the deep-sea kitefin shark, Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre) (Squaliformes: Dalatiidae), off Algeria
Systematic Parasitology, 2020Co-Authors: Houda Kheddam, Leslie A. Chisholm, Fadila TazeroutiAbstract:Septitrema lichae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae: Merizocotylinae) is described from the Nasal Tissue of the deep-sea kitefin shark, Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre) (Dalatiidae) collected off Algiers, Algeria. The new genus is distinguished from the other genera in the subfamily by the number and arrangement of the loculi on the haptor having one central and seven peripheral loculi. The diagnosis of the Merizocotylinae is amended to accommodate this species and a key to the genera of the Merizocotylinae is provided. Terminology of the haptoral loculi in the Merizocotylinae and the status of some of the genera in the subfamily are also discussed.
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Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the Nasal Tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
Zootaxa, 2006Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Capsaloides magnaspinosus (Monogenea: Capsalidae) is redescribed from whole mounts and scanning electron micrographs of material collected from the Nasal Tissue of the striped marlin, Tetrapterus audax (Philippe, 1887), off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia. This represents a new host and locality record for this capsalid species. Capsaloides is revised based on the examination of type-material and published descriptions. We consider 7 of the 10 previously described species to be valid. Some characters, such as depth of the posterior notch of the body, which were used previously to discriminate between species of Capsaloides, appear to be questionable. Careful examination of type-material has led us to propose that C. istiophori, C. marielenae and C. tetrapteri are synonyms of C. perugiai. The possibility that C. cristatus and C. hoffmannae are synonymous with C. sinuatus is also discussed.
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Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the Nasal Tissue of Dasyatis kuhlii (Dasyatidae) from Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia.
The Journal of parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Empruthotrema stenophallus n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from specimens from the Nasal Tissue of the blue-spotted maskray Dasyatis kuhlii (Muller and Henle, 1841) collected in shallow waters off Pulau Banggi and Pulau Mabul, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. This is the first monogenean species to be described from an elasmobranch collected from Sabah. E. stenophallus can be distinguished from the other 6 members of the genus by the morphology of the sclerotized male copulatory organ, which is narrow, short, and distally tapered. E. dasyatidis Whittington and Kearn, 1992, previously documented from the Nasal Tissue of several of elasmobranch species from Australia, is recorded from 8 host species distributed around Malaysian Borneo. These represent new host and locality records for this monocotylid. The difficulties in identifying species of Empruthotrema and the apparent lack of host specificity by some members of the genus are discussed.
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Invasion of the shovelnose ray (Rhinobatos typus) by Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis and Merizocotyle icopae (Monogenea: Monocotylidae).
Parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:SUMMARY This study examined the route of infection by free-swimming larvae of 2 monocotylid monogeneans that inhabit the gills (Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis) and the Nasal Tissue (Merizocotyle icopae) of the shovelnose ray, Rhinobatos typus, from Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Larvae of N. rhinobatidis and M. icopae attached directly to the gills and the Nasal Tissue of the ray, respectively, and did not first settle on the skin. Initial development of the post-oncomiracidium of N. rhinobatidis was rapid and hamuli formed between 6 and 24 h p.i. at a mean temperature of 26 xC. However, growth then slowed markedly and was variable ; only 2 fully mature individuals were found 20 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24 . 5 xC. Development of M. icopae was slow and variable throughout ; hamuli did not appear until 10 days p.i. and no mature individuals were obtained even 22 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24 . 5 xC. No character could be found as an indicator of parasite age for N. rhinobatidis or M. icopae due to the high variability in development in both species.
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Efficacy of Praziquantel Bath Treatments for Monogenean Infections of the Rhinobatos typus
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2002Co-Authors: Leslie A. Chisholm, Ian D. WhittingtonAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of the anthelmintic Praziquantel in removing monocotylid monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) from the branchial Tissue (Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis, N. rhynchobatis, and Troglocephalus rhinobatidis) and Nasal Tissue (Merizocotyle icopae) of juvenile giant shovelnose rays Rhinobatos typus from Heron Island, Australia, was studied. Although effective in removing monogeneans in vivo from the skin and gills of the teleost yellow stripey Lutjanus carponotatus from the same locality, two 2-h treatments using 20 mg/L Praziquantel was ineffective for the giant shovelnose ray. Adult monocotylids were removed, but many post-oncomiracidia and some juveniles remained attached. Juvenile and adult N. rhinobatidis and T. rhinobatidis reacted similarly when exposed to 20 mg/L Praziquantel during in vitro experiments, exhibiting muscle contractions and dying after 12 and 14 h, respectively. We attribute the failure to remove small monogenean stages in vivo to the structure of the branchial and Nasal tissu...
Claus Bachert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppression of cytokine release by fluticasone furoate vs mometasone furoate in human Nasal Tissue ex vivo
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Nan Zhang, Gabriele Holtappels, Petra Högger, Koen Van Crombruggen, Feng Lan, Michail Katotomichelakis, Luo Zhang, Claus BachertAbstract:Background Topical glucocorticosteroids are the first line therapy for airway inflammation. Modern compounds with higher efficacy have been developed, but head-to-head comparison studies are sparse.
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dissolution in Nasal fluid retention and anti inflammatory activity of fluticasone furoate in human Nasal Tissue ex vivo
Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2009Co-Authors: D Baumann, Claus Bachert, Petra HöggerAbstract:Background IntraNasal glucocorticoids represent the most effective pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis. So far, no clinical data are available that compare fluticasone furoate (FF) with other intraNasally applied glucocorticoids. Objective Because the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs governs their presence at the therapeutic target site we analysed selected in vitro properties of FF in comparison with triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), budesonide (Bud), fluticasone propionate (FP) and mometasone furoate (MF). Additionally, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity of the glucocorticoid fraction residing in human Nasal Tissue samples after washing. Methods We analysed the solubility of the compounds in artificial human Nasal fluid and the retention in human Nasal Tissue as well as typical spray volumes of commercially available drug preparations. As an anti-inflammatory measure, we evaluated the inhibition of IL-8 release from epithelial cells. Results FF is delivered in the smallest application volume per spray. Despite the low aqueous solubility of glucocorticoids, a fraction of the compounds is already dissolved in the aqueous supernatants of drug preparations (Bud > TCA > FP > MF > FF). The dissolution of FP, MF and FF was significantly enhanced in artificial Nasal fluid and FF displayed the most pronounced enhancement of solubility in the presence of proteins. Consistent with this result, the highest retention in Nasal Tissue was observed for FF, followed by FP > MF > Bud > TCA. After washing of the Nasal Tissue samples, all compounds inhibited IL-8 release, with FF displaying the highest activity. Conclusion FF displayed beneficial properties for Nasal application. Its low application volume per spray is a prerequisite for effective drug utilization by avoiding immediate loss by nose runoff or drip down the throat. Sustained dissolution and high Tissue binding of FF should contribute towards an extended presence of compounds in Nasal Tissue as a basis for a prolonged pharmacologic activity.
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detection of staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Tissue with peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 2009Co-Authors: Marienoelle Corriveau, Gabriele Holtappels, Nan Zhang, Claus BachertAbstract:Background: Staphylococcus aureus(SA) in the nose can be a simple colonizer but also may create an intramucosal reservoir causing recurrent infections or can be a specific immune modulator through superantigenic mechanisms. Because the colonization rate of SA is high, but immunologic reactions causing chronic disease are less frequent, the purpose of this study Was to identify the presence of intramucosal SA in healthy subjects and in patients With chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to eventually relate those to the specific immunologic changes due to SA enterotoxins. Methods: Nasal Tissue was collected in 40 subjects (9 controls, 21 CRS patients with [CRSwNP], and 10 CRS patients without Nasal polyps [CRSsNP]). Tissues were homogenized, and mediators and specific IgE-antibodies against SA enterotoxins (SAE-IgE) were measured using the UniCAP system. The Tissue was analyzed for the presence of SA by the peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) technique (AdvanDx), and a semiquantitative scoring system was applied. Mann-Whitney exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: SA in the mucosal Tissue was detected in a higher quantity among CRSwNP subjects with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) versus controls and CRSsNP (p = 0.03). Among CRSwNP patients, Th2 markers (eosinophil cationic protein, p = 0.006, and total IgE, p = 0.004) were increased related to the SAE-gE status but not related to the presence of SA in the Tissue. Conclusion: This study describes the detection of SA within Nasal Tissue using the PNA-FISH technique. The presence of SA in the submucosa did not correlate with the amplification of the Th2-related inflammation typically found in CRSwNP patients, but this reaction is dependent on the formation of SAE-IgE within mucosal Tissue. We also show,for the first time, that submucosal SA is a prevalent finding in CRSwNP patients with AERD.
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enhanced release of ige dependent early phase mediators from Nasal polyp Tissue
Journal of Inflammation, 2009Co-Authors: Joke Patou, Philippe Gevaert, Gabriele Holtappels, Karen Affleck, Claudina Pereznovo, Paul Van Cauwenberge, Claus BachertAbstract:The mast cell is a crucial effector cell in allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases. During the acute allergic reaction preformed mediators such as histamine, but also de novo produced mediators such as leukotrienes (LTC4/D4/E4) and prostaglandins (PGD2) are released. Mast cells represent targets for therapeutic intervention, and thus a human ex-vivo model to stimulate mast cells taken from mucosal sites would be instrumental for drug intervention studies. We have aimed to activate mast cells within ex-vivo human Nasal Tissue by IgE/anti-IgE specific (e chain specific) stimulations and in this respect to test the usability of Nasal polyps versus inferior turbinates Biopsy samples were collected from patients with Nasal polyps and inferior turbinates from patients who underwent sinus or septal surgery. Tissue fragments were primed with IgE 1 μg/ml for 60 minutes and then stimulated for 30 minutes with Tissue culture medium (negative control), anti-IgE 10 μg/ml, anti-IgE 30 μg/ml and ionomycin 10 μM (positive control). Histamine, leukotrienes and PGD2 were measured in supernatants. To help provide an understanding of the extent of the response, the number of tryptase and FceRIα positive cells was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and the FceRIα-chain was measured by means of quantitative PCR in the Nasal polyp and inferior turbinate Tissues. Finally, the correlation between IgE concentrations in the Nasal Tissue and the release of mediators was analysed. Stimulations with anti-IgE on IgE-primed Nasal Tissue fragments lead to a concentration-dependent release of histamine, leukotrienes and PGD2. The release of these early phase mediators was significantly higher in Nasal polyps compared to inferior turbinates, although tryptase, FceRIα positive cells and FceRIα-chain transcripts were equally present in both groups. No correlation was found between baseline concentrations of IgE, and the release of histamine, LTC4/LTD4/LTE4 and PGD2 after stimulation. This human Nasal challenge model mimics the allergic early phase reaction. The release of histamine, cys-leukotrienes and PGD2 was significantly higher in Nasal polyps versus inferior turbinates, however, this observation could not be explained by differences in mast cell or FceRI+ cell numbers.
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staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b regulates prostaglandin e2 synthesis growth and migration in Nasal Tissue fibroblasts
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Claudina Pereznovo, Paul Van Cauwenberge, Anouk Waeytens, Cindy Claeys, Claus BachertAbstract:Background. Superantigens and eicosanoids are important amplifiers and regulators of inflammation in airway diseases. We therefore studied the possible influence of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B ( SEB) on the cyclooxygenase ( COX) pathway and basic functions of airway structural cells. Methods. Fibroblasts were isolated from Nasal inferior turbinate Tissue and cultured in the presence of different concentrations of SEB. Preincubation with interferon ( IFN)-gamma was performed to induce expression of major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) class II receptors. Prostaglandin E2 ( PGE(2)) production was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of COX-2 and prostanoid E receptors 1-4 ( EP1-4) were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Migration and growth tests were performed, and SEB was localized within the cells by confocal microscopy. Results. Stimulation with IFN-gamma and SEB significantly down-regulated PGE2, COX-2, and EP2 expression but not EP1, EP3, or EP4 expression. The enterotoxin blocked cell growth but increased the fibroblast migration rate. SEB was localized within the cell in the presence and absence of MHC-II, suggesting that mechanisms other than conventional binding may allow the enterotoxin to enter the cell. Conclusions. These findings may have major implications for our understanding of the role played by bacterial superantigens in regulating the inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of upper airway diseases and hence may help elucidate the pathophysiology of these diseases.
I D Whittington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invasion of the shovelnose ray (Rhinobatos typus) by Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis and Merizocotyle icopae (Monogenea: Monocotylidae).
Parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: L A Chisholm, I D WhittingtonAbstract:This study examined the route of infection by free-swimming larvae of 2 monocotylid monogeneans that inhabit the gills (Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis) and the Nasal Tissue (Merizocotyle icopae) of the shovelnose ray, Rhinobatos typus, from Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Larvae of N. rhinobatidis and M. icopae attached directly to the gills and the Nasal Tissue of the ray, respectively, and did not first settle on the skin. Initial development of the post-oncomiracidium of N. rhinobatidis was rapid and hamuli formed between 6 and 24 h p.i. at a mean temperature of 26 degrees C. However, growth then slowed markedly and was variable; only 2 fully mature individuals were found 20 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24.5 degrees C. Development of M. icopae was slow and variable throughout; hamuli did not appear until 10 days p.i. and no mature individuals were obtained even 22 days p.i. at a mean temperature of 24.5 degrees C. No character could be found as an indicator of parasite age for N. rhinobatidis or M. icopae due to the high variability in development in both species.
Dianzhou Bi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IntraNasal administration of melatonin starch microspheres.
International journal of pharmaceutics, 2004Co-Authors: Jianming Chen, Dianzhou BiAbstract:Using melatonin as model drug, starch microspheres for intraNasal administration were prepared by an emulsification-crosslinking technique using a uniform design to optimize preparation conditions. The entrapment ratio of melatonin in the microspheres was 11.0% and particle sizes ranged from 30 to 60 microm. Melatonin was released from the microspheres in a sustained manner in vitro. Nasal clearance of 99mTC labeled starch microspheres was investigated using gamma scintigraphy. It was revealed that >80% of the starch microspheres could be detected in the Nasal Tissue 2h after administration, compared to 30% for a solution. The pharmacokinetics of melatonin starch microspheres was investigated after intraNasal administration. The absorption rate was rapid (T(max) min), and the absolute bioavailability was high, 84.07%. A good correlation was found between in vitro release and in vivo absorption data.
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intraNasal administration of melatonin starch microspheres
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2004Co-Authors: Jianming Chen, Dianzhou BiAbstract:Using melatonin as model drug, starch microspheres for intraNasal administration were prepared by an emulsificationcrosslinking technique using a uniform design to optimize preparation conditions. The entrapment ratio of melatonin in the microspheres was 11.0% and particle sizes ranged from 30 to 60m. Melatonin was released from the microspheres in a sustained manner in vitro. Nasal clearance of 99m Tc labeled starch microspheres was investigated using gamma scintigraphy. It was revealed that >80% of the starch microspheres could be detected in the Nasal Tissue 2 h after administration, compared to 30% for a solution. The pharmacokinetics of melatonin starch microspheres was investigated after intraNasal administration. The absorption rate was rapid (Tmax = 7.8 min), and the absolute bioavailability was high, 84.07%. A good correlation was found between in vitro release and in vivo absorption data. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
