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Philip Spinhoven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of different types of treatment for anxiety on repetitive Negative Thinking a meta analysis
Clinical Psychology-science and Practice, 2020Co-Authors: Sabrina Monteregge, Philip Spinhoven, Anesteia Tsagkalidou, Pim CuijpersAbstract:It is not clear if treatments for anxiety specifically targeting repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT: rumination, worry, and content-independent perseverative Thinking) have a specific effect on RNT resulting in better outcomes than other psychological and nonpsychological treatments. We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled trials comparing RNT-focused and non-RNT-focused psychological treatments, as well as nonpsychological treatments for anxiety with control groups and reporting outcomes on RNT. Inclusion criteria were met by 46 studies with a total of 3,194 participants. RNT-focused and non-RNT-focused psychological treatments had comparable effects on RNT, and level of anxiety and changes in RNT and anxiety were highly associated across treatments. Further mediation and mechanistic studies to test whether reductions in RNT during RNT-focused cognitive behavioral therapy predict subsequent reductions in anxiety are called for.
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The effects of different types of treatment for anxiety on repetitive Negative Thinking: A meta‐analysis
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2020Co-Authors: Sabrina Monteregge, Anesteia Tsagkalidou, Pim Cuijpers, Philip SpinhovenAbstract:It is not clear if treatments for anxiety specifically targeting repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT: rumination, worry, and content-independent perseverative Thinking) have a specific effect on RNT resulting in better outcomes than other psychological and nonpsychological treatments. We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled trials comparing RNT-focused and non-RNT-focused psychological treatments, as well as nonpsychological treatments for anxiety with control groups and reporting outcomes on RNT. Inclusion criteria were met by 46 studies with a total of 3,194 participants. RNT-focused and non-RNT-focused psychological treatments had comparable effects on RNT, and level of anxiety and changes in RNT and anxiety were highly associated across treatments. Further mediation and mechanistic studies to test whether reductions in RNT during RNT-focused cognitive behavioral therapy predict subsequent reductions in anxiety are called for.
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Repetitive Negative Thinking as a mediator in prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Philip Spinhoven, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. PenninxAbstract:Abstract Background and objectives Comorbidity among anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms is high. Rumination and worry have been found to mediate prospective cross-disorder relations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether generic repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT), that is content- and disorder-independent, also mediates prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depressions disorders and their symptoms. Methods This was studied using a 5-year prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 1859 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals), we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire). Results We found that baseline depression disorders and symptom severity have predictive value for anxiety disorders and symptom severity five years later (and vice versa) and that these associations were significantly mediated by level of RNT as assessed two years after baseline. The significant and rather large mediation effects seemed mainly due to the mental capacity captured by RNT, especially in the prospective relation of anxiety with future depression. Limitations The mediation effects were greatly attenuated or even nullified after rigorously controlling for concomitant psychopathology at two years after baseline. Conclusions From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking could be an important transdiagnostic factor, that may constitute a suitable target for treatment.
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shorter communicationrepetitive Negative Thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety a conceptual replication
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Jolijn Drost, Willem Van Der Does, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. Penninx, Philip SpinhovenAbstract:Comorbidity among affective disorders is high. Rumination has been found to mediate cross-sectional and prospective relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether rumination and worry, both forms of repetitive Negative Thinking, also explain the associations between affective disorders. This was studied using a prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 2981 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals) we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (CIDI), rumination (LEIDS-R) and worry (PSWQ). All measures were repeated 2 years and 4 years later. Using structural equation models, we found that baseline rumination and worry partly mediated the association of baseline fear disorders (social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia) with distress disorders (dysthymia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Moreover, baseline fear disorders predicted changes in distress disorders and changes in worry and rumination mediated these associations. The association between baseline distress disorders and changes in fear disorders was mediated by changes in rumination but not by changes in worry. From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking is an important transdiagnostic factor. Rumination and worry are partly responsible for the cross-sectional and prospective co-occurrence of affective disorders and may be suitable targets for treatment.
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Repetitive Negative Thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety: A conceptual replication.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Jolijn Drost, Willem Van Der Does, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. Penninx, Philip SpinhovenAbstract:Comorbidity among affective disorders is high. Rumination has been found to mediate cross-sectional and prospective relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether rumination and worry, both forms of repetitive Negative Thinking, also explain the associations between affective disorders. This was studied using a prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 2981 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals) we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (CIDI), rumination (LEIDS-R) and worry (PSWQ). All measures were repeated 2 years and 4 years later. Using structural equation models, we found that baseline rumination and worry partly mediated the association of baseline fear disorders (social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia) with distress disorders (dysthymia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Moreover, baseline fear disorders predicted changes in distress disorders and changes in worry and rumination mediated these associations. The association between baseline distress disorders and changes in fear disorders was mediated by changes in rumination but not by changes in worry. From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking is an important transdiagnostic factor. Rumination and worry are partly responsible for the cross-sectional and prospective co-occurrence of affective disorders and may be suitable targets for treatment.
Chris Dickens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perseverative Negative Thinking predicts depression in people with acute coronary syndrome
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Leanne Trick, Edward R. Watkins, William Henley, Manish Gandhi, Chris DickensAbstract:Abstract Objective Depression is common in people who have experienced recent Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and predicts worse medical outcomes. Mechanisms underpinning the development of depression and its association with poor medical outcomes are unclear however. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of perseverative Negative Thinking (e.g. worry and rumination) in predicting depression in people with recent ACS. Methods Adults attending specialist inpatient and outpatient cardiology services who had recently experienced ACS were invited to participate in this observational prospective cohort study. Questionnaire assessments were completed within 6 months of index ACS (baseline), then 2 months and 6 months later. Results 169 participants (131 male (78%), median age 68 (±16) years) completed baseline questionnaires, and 111 completed follow-ups. After controlling for the effects of key covariates, baseline rumination was a significant predictor of depression at 6 months, accounting for 2% of the variance in depression. This association was partially mediated by poor problem-solving ability and lack of social support. Neither worry nor rumination at baseline were significant predictors of quality of life at 6 months. Conclusions Rumination is a significant independent predictor of depression, and this association may be partially explained by deficits in problem-solving ability and reduced social support. Both rumination and problem solving may provide useful targets for the development of evidence-based interventions to reduce depression among people with coronary heart disease.
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The association of perseverative Negative Thinking with depression, anxiety and emotional distress in people with long term conditions: A systematic review
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2016Co-Authors: Leanne Trick, Edward R. Watkins, Stacey Windeatt, Chris DickensAbstract:Abstract Objective Depression is common in people with long term conditions, and is associated with worse medical outcomes. Previous research shows perseverative Negative Thinking (e.g. worry, rumination) predicts subsequent depression and worse medical outcomes, suggesting interventions targeting perseverative Negative Thinking could improve depression and medical outcomes. Previous studies recruited healthy individuals, however. This review aimed to determine the temporal relationship and strength of prospective association of perseverative Negative Thinking with depression, anxiety and emotional distress in people with long term conditions. Method Four electronic databases were searched for studies including standardised measures of perseverative Negative Thinking and depression, anxiety or emotional distress, and which presented prospective associations. Findings were narratively synthesized. Results Thirty studies were identified in a range of long term conditions. Perseverative Negative Thinking and subsequent depression, anxiety or emotional distress were significantly correlated in the majority of studies (bivariate r = 0.23 to r = 0.73). 25 studies controlled for confounders, and in 15 perseverative Negative Thinking predicted subsequent depression, anxiety or emotional distress. Results varied according to condition and study quality. Six of 7 studies found bivariate associations between depression, anxiety or emotional distress and subsequent perseverative Negative Thinking, though 2 studies controlling for key covariates found no association. Few studies assessed the impact of perseverative Negative Thinking on medical outcomes. Conclusion Strongest evidence supported perseverative Negative Thinking predicting subsequent depression, anxiety and emotional distress in people with long term conditions. Further prospective research is warranted to clarify the association of perseverative Negative Thinking with subsequent poor medical outcomes.
Ann R. Peden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing a shortened measure of Negative Thinking for use in patients with heart failure.
Heart & Lung, 2011Co-Authors: Rebecca L. Dekker, Ann R. Peden, Lynne A. Hall, Terry A. Lennie, Misook L. Chung, Debra K. MoserAbstract:Abstract Objective Negative Thinking is a target for treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF). A brief instrument is needed to measure Negative Thinking in these patients. The study objective was to shorten the Crandell Cognitions Inventory (CCI) for use in patients with HF. Methods Baseline data from outpatients with HF (N = 179, 30% were female, age 60 ± 13 years) were used to evaluate psychometrics of the CCI. Internal consistency reliability was measured with Cronbach’s alpha construct validity with hypothesis testing. Principal components analysis was used in shortening. A separate sample of hospitalized patients with HF (N = 77, 49% were female, age 66 ± 11years) was used to validate the shortened CCI (CCI-SF). Results The CCI showed evidence of reliability and validity, but there was item redundancy in outpatients with HF. The 12-item CCI-SF showed good evidence of reliability and validity in inpatients with HF. Conclusion The results support the reliability and validity of the CCI-SF to measure Negative Thinking in hospitalized patients with HF.
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Abstract 5635: Negative Thinking: A Modifiable Target for the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Heart Failure
Circulation, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca L. Dekker, Ann R. Peden, Terry A. Lennie, Misook L. Chung, Debra K. MoserAbstract:Background : The adverse effects of depressive symptoms on mortality and morbidity in patients with HF have been well described. The next step is to identify modifiable predictors of depressive symptoms that can be targeted for intervention. Negative Thinking, a process of self-critical cognition, has been associated with depressed mood, which suggests it may be a modifiable target for intervention. However, it is not known whether Negative Thinking is independently related to depressive symptoms in patients with HF. Purpose : To describe the level of Negative Thinking among patients with HF. To determine whether Negative Thinking is a predictor of depressive symptoms in patients with HF. Methods : In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 154 patients (61±12 years, 31% female, 52% NYHA Class III/IV) were recruited from an outpatient HF clinic. Negative Thinking was measured with the Crandell Cognitions Inventory. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether Negative Thinking is an independent predictor of depressive symptoms. Results : The mean level of Negative Thinking was 60 ± 26, which is higher than the reported mean of 45 ± 8 for non-depressed, normal controls. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms (BDI >13) was 33%. Patients with depressive symptoms had substantially higher levels of Negative Thinking compared to patients without depressive symptoms (83 ± 27 vs. 49 ± 17, p p Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Negative Thinking plays a major role in the manifestation of depressive symptoms in patients with HF. Interventions that target the reduction of Negative Thinking may reduce depressive symptoms in patients with HF.
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Testing an intervention to reduce Negative Thinking, depressive symptoms, and chronic stressors in low-income single mothers.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2005Co-Authors: Ann R. Peden, Lynne A. Hall, Mary Kay Rayens, Elizabeth GrantAbstract:Purpose:To test the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, Negative Thinking, and chronic stressors in low-income, single mothers at risk for depression. Design and Methods:A randomized, controlled prevention trial was conducted with 136 low-income, single mothers with children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Each participant was screened before enrollment and was determined to be at risk for depression. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. The experimental group was invited to participate in a 4- to 6-week cognitive-behavioral group intervention. Data on depressive symptoms, Negative Thinking, and chronic stressors were collected via self-report questionnaires from control and experimental groups at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after the intervention to assess the effects of the intervention. Findings:Compared with those in the control group, women who received the intervention had a greater decrease in depressive symptoms, Negative Thinking, and chronic stressors; these beneficial effects were maintained over a 6-month period. Conclusions:The findings indicate the effectiveness of this cognitive-behavioral group intervention and show the beneficial effects of reducing Negative Thinking via the use of affirmations and thought-stopping techniques.
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Negative Thinking and the mental health of low income single mothers
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2004Co-Authors: Ann R. Peden, Lynne A. Hall, Mary Kay Rayens, Elizabeth GrantAbstract:Purpose:To test a conceptual model of predictors of depressive symptoms in low-income single mothers with children from 2 to 6 years of age. Design:Data were collected from September 2000 to October 2002 as part of the baseline data collection for a larger study in the eastern part of the United States. A volunteer sample of 205 women who were at risk for depression was recruited. Methods:Each woman completed a survey that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Crandall Cognitions Inventory, and the Everyday Stressors Index. Findings:More than 75% of the participants scored at least in the mild depressive range on the Beck Depression Inventory or in the high depressive range on the CES-D. Negative Thinking mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms and partially mediated the relationship between chronic stressors and depressive symptoms. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with earlier research by this team. Negative Thinking is an important factor in the development of depressive symptoms in at-risk women. As a symptom, Negative Thinking might be more amenable to nursing intervention than to interventions focused on reducing chronic stress.
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Negative Thinking and the Mental Health of Low‐Income Single Mothers
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2004Co-Authors: Ann R. Peden, Lynne A. Hall, Mary Kay Rayens, Elizabeth GrantAbstract:Purpose:To test a conceptual model of predictors of depressive symptoms in low-income single mothers with children from 2 to 6 years of age. Design:Data were collected from September 2000 to October 2002 as part of the baseline data collection for a larger study in the eastern part of the United States. A volunteer sample of 205 women who were at risk for depression was recruited. Methods:Each woman completed a survey that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Crandall Cognitions Inventory, and the Everyday Stressors Index. Findings:More than 75% of the participants scored at least in the mild depressive range on the Beck Depression Inventory or in the high depressive range on the CES-D. Negative Thinking mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms and partially mediated the relationship between chronic stressors and depressive symptoms. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with earlier research by this team. Negative Thinking is an important factor in the development of depressive symptoms in at-risk women. As a symptom, Negative Thinking might be more amenable to nursing intervention than to interventions focused on reducing chronic stress.
António Macedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stress, Perseverative Negative Thinking, and Sleep in University Students
European Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: A. Amaral, Maria João Soares, A.t. Pereira, Sandra Carvalho Bos, Vasco Nogueira, Nuno Madeira, António MacedoAbstract:Introduction The perception of stress does not automatically lead to prolonged activation. The cognitive representations of stressors need to be prolonged in order to extend their physiological concomitants (Brosschot, Gerin, & Trayer, 2006). It is shown that elevated levels of repetitive Negative Thinking appear to be causally involved in the maintenance of emotional problems (Ehring & Watkins, 2008). Aims To analyze the associations between Perceived Stress (PS), Perseverative NegativeThinking (PNT) and Sleep difficulties. Methods 549 students from two Portuguese Universities filled in the Portuguese version of Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983; Amaral et al., 2014), PerseverativeThinking Questionnaire (Ehring et al., 2011; Chaves et al., 2013), and three questions were used to access sleep difficulties (initiating sleep, sleepmaintenance, and early morning awakening). Results In the present sample the prevalence on difficulty initiating sleep was 29,8%, of maintaining sleep was 27,9% and of early morning awakening was 30,9%. The strongest correlations were observed between PS and PNT (from r=.338 to r=.520; p Conclusions The PS was strongly associated with PNT and both of these variables were associated with sleep difficulties (particularly initiating and maintaining sleep).
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Repetitive Negative Thinking and Psychological Distress in Fibromyalgia
European Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: P. Garrido, A.t. Pereira, C. Roque, António MacedoAbstract:Excessive and repetitive Negative Thinking (RTN) about past experiences or worries about the future is present across a large range of psychological disorders and appears to be involved in the maintenance of emotional problems. Studies have supported that RNT is characterized by the same process across disorders and can be reliably distinguished from other forms of recurrent cognitions and functional forms of repeated Thinking, leading Harvey and colleagues (2004) to propose it as a definite transdiagnostic process. As a transdiagnostic phenomenon, RNT is underexplored in fibromyalgia (FM), a highly prevalent syndrome characterized by chronic, medically unexplained widespread musculoskeletal pain that causes significant disability. FM is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity, mostly anxiety and depression, and a large variety of psychological processes. In these patients, cognitive processes and cognitions may play an important role as mediating mechanisms between FM and psychological distress. The content of RNT in patients with FM may be related with excessive monitorization of pain and other physical signs, leading to higher pain intensity and more pain-related fear-avoidance behaviour. In this way, persistence on RNT works as a maladapative coping strategy, impairing emotional regulation and perpetuating psychological distress. Improvement in the understanding of the cognitive processes implicated in FM that could be targeted in cognitive interventions may have positive results in reducing the burden of the syndrome.
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Repetitive Negative Thinking mediates the association between perfectionism and psychological distress
Personality and Individual Differences, 2015Co-Authors: António Macedo, Maria João Soares, Sandra Carvalho Bos, Vasco Nogueira, Nuno Madeira, C. Roque, A.p. Amaral, Mariana Marques, Berta Maia, José ValenteAbstract:Abstract Our objective was to analyze the relationships between Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT), perfectionism and psychological distress. Specifically we wanted to test if RNT mediates the relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress. 788 college students completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate perfectionism trait dimensions [Evaluative concerns (EC) and Positive strivings (PS)], RNT dimensions [Repetitive Thinking (RT) and Cognitive interference and unproductivity (CIU)], perceived stress, and perceived support. Psychological distress was measured with the Profile of Mood States subscales: Depression (D), Tension–anxiety (TA), Anger–hostility (AH), Fatigue–inertia (FI) and Vigor–anxiety (VA). After controlling for perceived stress and support, perfectionism dimensions and RNT (particularly CIU) remained a significant predictors of psychological distress. CIU was a partial mediator of the relationship between EC and D, TA, AH, FI and VA and a full mediator of the relationship of PS with D and FI. Whereas the effect of Negative perfectionism on emotional disturbances was potentiated by RNT, PS was only associated to it when high levels of RNT were also present. Showing that Positive striving effects on psychological distress may be a function of specific mediators, these results contribute to a better understanding of the nature of positive perfectionism.
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Perseverative Negative Thinking Mediates the Relationship Between Perfectionism Cognitions and Oc Symptoms
European Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: A.t. Pereira, António Macedo, Ana Telma Pereira, T. Ferreira, A. Pissarra, Vasco NogueiraAbstract:Introduction Perfectionism and Perseverative Negative Thinking/PNT are both associatedwith OC symptoms. PNT is a prime candidate when investigating the pathway thatlinks perfectionism to psychopathology. Objectives To investigate if PNT mediates the relationshipbetween perfectionismcognitions and OC symptoms. Methods 464 (72.5%females) students (mean age 22.5±4.5 years) participated in an online surveyincluding the Portuguese validated versions of Maudsley O-C Inventory/MOCI (toassess Doubting and Rumination/DR, Checking and Cleaning), PerseverativeThinking Questionnaire/PTQ-15 (Repetitive Thought/RT, Cognitive interferenceand unproductiveness/CIU), Multidimensional Perfectionism CognitionsInventory/MPCI (Concern over Mistakes/CM, Personal Standards/PS, Pursuit of Perfection/PP). Negative affect/NA was assessed with the Profile of Mood States. Results Significantpredictors of MOCI_Total were PP (b=.131),RT (b=.228)and CIU (b=.254)(all p DR waspredicted by CM (b=.107),PP (b=.107),RT (b=.333)and CIU (b=.281)(all p Checkingwas predicted by PP (b=.120), RT (b=.154) andCIU (b=.267)(all p Cleaning wasonly predicted by PP (b=.174; p=.001). QPP-15_Totaland IMCP_Total were mediators of the association of MOCI_Total (and itsdimensions DR and Checking) with NA.
Brenda W.j.h. Penninx - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Repetitive Negative Thinking as a mediator in prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Philip Spinhoven, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. PenninxAbstract:Abstract Background and objectives Comorbidity among anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms is high. Rumination and worry have been found to mediate prospective cross-disorder relations between anxiety and depression disorders and their symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether generic repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT), that is content- and disorder-independent, also mediates prospective cross-disorder associations between anxiety and depressions disorders and their symptoms. Methods This was studied using a 5-year prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 1859 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals), we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) and RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire). Results We found that baseline depression disorders and symptom severity have predictive value for anxiety disorders and symptom severity five years later (and vice versa) and that these associations were significantly mediated by level of RNT as assessed two years after baseline. The significant and rather large mediation effects seemed mainly due to the mental capacity captured by RNT, especially in the prospective relation of anxiety with future depression. Limitations The mediation effects were greatly attenuated or even nullified after rigorously controlling for concomitant psychopathology at two years after baseline. Conclusions From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking could be an important transdiagnostic factor, that may constitute a suitable target for treatment.
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shorter communicationrepetitive Negative Thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety a conceptual replication
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Jolijn Drost, Willem Van Der Does, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. Penninx, Philip SpinhovenAbstract:Comorbidity among affective disorders is high. Rumination has been found to mediate cross-sectional and prospective relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether rumination and worry, both forms of repetitive Negative Thinking, also explain the associations between affective disorders. This was studied using a prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 2981 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals) we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (CIDI), rumination (LEIDS-R) and worry (PSWQ). All measures were repeated 2 years and 4 years later. Using structural equation models, we found that baseline rumination and worry partly mediated the association of baseline fear disorders (social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia) with distress disorders (dysthymia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Moreover, baseline fear disorders predicted changes in distress disorders and changes in worry and rumination mediated these associations. The association between baseline distress disorders and changes in fear disorders was mediated by changes in rumination but not by changes in worry. From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking is an important transdiagnostic factor. Rumination and worry are partly responsible for the cross-sectional and prospective co-occurrence of affective disorders and may be suitable targets for treatment.
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Repetitive Negative Thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety: A conceptual replication.
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014Co-Authors: Jolijn Drost, Willem Van Der Does, Albert M. Van Hemert, Brenda W.j.h. Penninx, Philip SpinhovenAbstract:Comorbidity among affective disorders is high. Rumination has been found to mediate cross-sectional and prospective relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults. We examined whether rumination and worry, both forms of repetitive Negative Thinking, also explain the associations between affective disorders. This was studied using a prospective cohort study. In a mixed sample of 2981 adults (persons with a prior history of or a current affective disorder and healthy individuals) we assessed DSM-IV affective disorders (CIDI), rumination (LEIDS-R) and worry (PSWQ). All measures were repeated 2 years and 4 years later. Using structural equation models, we found that baseline rumination and worry partly mediated the association of baseline fear disorders (social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia) with distress disorders (dysthymia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Moreover, baseline fear disorders predicted changes in distress disorders and changes in worry and rumination mediated these associations. The association between baseline distress disorders and changes in fear disorders was mediated by changes in rumination but not by changes in worry. From these results it can be concluded that repetitive Negative Thinking is an important transdiagnostic factor. Rumination and worry are partly responsible for the cross-sectional and prospective co-occurrence of affective disorders and may be suitable targets for treatment.
