The Experts below are selected from a list of 28971 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark Lyte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence for pmat and oct like biogenic amine transporters in a probiotic strain of lactobacillus implications for interkingdom communication within the microbiota gut brain axis
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Mark Lyte, David R BrownAbstract:The ability of prokaryotic microbes to produce and respond to Neurochemicals that are more often associated with eukaryotic systems is increasingly recognized through the concept of microbial endocrinology. Most studies have described the phenomena of Neurochemical production by bacteria, but there remains an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which microbe- or host-derived neuroactive substances can be recognized by bacteria. Based on the evolutionary origins of eukaryotic solute carrier transporters, we hypothesized that bacteria may possess an analogous uptake function for neuroactive biogenic amines. Using specific fluorescence-based assays, Lactobacillus salivarius biofilms appear to express both plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT)- and organic cation transporter (OCT)-like uptake of transporter-specific fluorophores. This phenomenon is not distributed throughout the genus Lactobacillus as L. rhamnosus biofilms did not take up these fluorophores. PMAT probe uptake into L. salivarius biofilms was attenuated by the protonophore CCCP, the cation transport inhibitor decynium-22, and the natural substrates norepinephrine, serotonin and fluoxetine. These results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the existence of PMAT- and OCT-like uptake systems in a bacterium. They also suggest the existence of a hitherto unrecognized mechanism by which a probiotic bacterium may interact with host signals and may provide a means to examine microbial endocrinology-based interactions in health and disease that are part of the larger microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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microbial endocrinology in the pathogenesis of infectious disease
Microbiology spectrum, 2016Co-Authors: Mark LyteAbstract:Microbial endocrinology represents the intersection of two seemingly disparate fields, microbiology and neurobiology, and is based on the shared presence of Neurochemicals that are exactly the same in host as well as in the microorganism. The ability of microorganisms to not only respond to, but also produce, many of the same Neurochemicals that are produced by the host, such as during periods of stress, has led to the introduction of this evolutionary-based mechanism which has a role in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The consideration of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms has demonstrated, for example, that the prevalent use of catecholamine-based synthetic drugs in the clinical setting contributes to the formation of biofilms in indwelling medical devices. Production of Neurochemicals by microorganisms most often employs the same biosynthetic pathways as those utilized by the host, indicating that acquisition of host Neurochemical-based signaling system in the host may have been acquired due to lateral gene transfer from microorganisms. That both host and microorganism produce and respond to the very same Neurochemicals means that there is bidirectionality contained with the theoretical underpinnings of microbial endocrinology. This can be seen in the role of microbial endocrinology in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its relevance to infectious disease. Such shared pathways argue for a role of microorganism-Neurochemical interactions in infectious disease.
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microbial endocrinology in the microbiome gut brain axis how bacterial production and utilization of Neurochemicals influence behavior
PLOS Pathogens, 2013Co-Authors: Mark LyteAbstract:The ability of bacterial pathogens to influence behavior has been recognized for decades, most notably bacteria that directly invade the nervous system. However, increasing evidence is mounting that microorganisms may directly interact with elements of the host's neurophysiological system in a noninvasive manner that ultimately results in modification of host behavior. This ability of microorganisms contained within the microbiome to influence behavior through a noninfectious and possibly non-immune-mediated route may be due to their ability to produce and recognize Neurochemicals that are exactly analogous in structure to those produced by the host nervous system. This form of interkingdom signaling, which is based on bidirectional Neurochemical interactions between the host's neurophysiological system and the microbiome, was introduced two decades ago and has been termed microbial endocrinology [1]. Many of the neuroendocrine hormone biosynthetic pathways that are more commonly associated with eukaryotic cells are found in prokaryotic cells, and the acquisition of such Neurochemical-based synthesis pathways by eukaryotic systems is believed to be due to lateral gene transfer from bacteria. Approaching the microbiome from a microbial endocrinology-based vantage point may provide an understanding of the specific pathways by which microorganisms may influence behavior and thereby lead to new approaches to the treatment of specific mental illness based on modulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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induction of gram negative bacterial growth by Neurochemical containing banana musa x paradisiaca extracts
Fems Microbiology Letters, 1997Co-Authors: Mark LyteAbstract:Bananas contain large quantities of Neurochemicals. Extracts from the peel and pulp of bananas in increasing stages of ripening were prepared and evaluated for their ability to modulate the growth of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. Extracts from the peel, and to a much lesser degree the pulp, increased the growth of Gram-negative bacterial strains Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella typhimurium, as well as two non-pathogenic E. coli strains, in direct relation to the content of norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin. The growth of Gram-positive bacteria was not altered by any of the extracts. Supplementation of vehicle and pulp cultures with norepinephrine or dopamine yielded growth equivalent to peel cultures. Total organic analysis of extracts further demonstrated that the differential effects of peel and pulp on bacterial growth was not nutritionally based, but due to norepinephrine and dopamine. These results suggest that Neurochemicals contained within foodstuffs may influence the growth of pathogenic and indigenous bacteria through direct Neurochemical-bacterial interactions.
Lanqun Mao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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single carbon fiber powered microsensor for in vivo Neurochemical sensing with high neuronal compatibility
Angewandte Chemie, 2020Co-Authors: Huan Wei, Peipei Zhong, Junjie Fei, Yifei Xue, Yang Liu, Lanqun MaoAbstract:The development of new principles and techniques with high neuronal compatibility for quantitatively monitoring the dynamics of Neurochemicals is essential for deciphering brain chemistry and function but remains a great challenge. We herein report a neuron-compatible method for in vivo Neurochemical sensing by powering a single carbon fiber through spontaneous bipolar electrochemistry as a new sensing platform. By using ascorbic acid as a model target to prove the concept, we found that the single-carbon-fiber-powered microsensor exhibited a good response, high stability and, more importantly, excellent neuronal compatibility. The microsensor was also highly compatible with electrophysiological recording, thus enabling the synchronous recording of both chemical and electrical signals. The sensing principle could be developed for in vivo monitoring of various Neurochemicals in the future by rationally designing and tuning the electrochemical reactions at the two poles of the carbon fiber.
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Self-powered electrochemical systems as Neurochemical sensors: toward self-triggered in vivo analysis of brain chemistry
Chemical Society reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Lanqun MaoAbstract:Real-time in vivo analysis of Neurochemical dynamics has great physiological and pathological implications for a full understanding of the brain. Self-powered electrochemical systems (SPESs) built on galvanic cell configurations bear the advantages of easy miniaturization for implantation and no interference to electric activities of neurons over traditional externally-powered electrochemical sensors for self-triggered in vivo analysis. However, this is still a new concept for in vivo Neurochemical sensing with few implanted examples reported so far. This tutorial review summarizes the development of SPESs toward implantable applications from both principal and practical perspectives, ultimately aimed at providing a guide map to the future design of Neurochemical sensors for in vivo analysis of brain chemistry.
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ferricyanide backfilled cylindrical carbon fiber microelectrodes for in vivo analysis with high stability and low polarized potential
Analyst, 2015Co-Authors: Kai Wang, Peipei Zhong, Jie Hao, Junjie Fei, Lanqun MaoAbstract:The development of stable and reproducible methods for in vivo electrochemical monitoring of Neurochemicals is of great physiological importance. In this study, we demonstrate ferricyanide-filled cylindrical carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) of high stability and low polarized potential for in vivo electrochemical analysis. We first studied the voltammetric behavior of cylindrical CFEs by using a model system consisting of two separated cells each containing potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) or potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6). We observed that E1/2 values of the system were dependent on the ratio of the lengths of the cylindrical CFEs and of the concentrations of the redox species on both poles. Based on this property, we prepared the ferricyanide-backfilled cylindrical CFEs, and found that this kind of electrode exhibits a more stable current response and a lower polarized potential than the CFEs backfilled with KCl or Ru(NH3)6Cl3. Animal experiments with the ferricyanide-backfilled cylindrical CFEs demonstrate that this kind of electrode could be used for in vivo monitoring of Neurochemical release with a high stability under some physiological conditions.
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rational design of surface interface chemistry for quantitative in vivo monitoring of brain chemistry
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2012Co-Authors: Meining Zhang, Lanqun MaoAbstract:To understand the molecular basis of brain functions, researchers would like to be able to quantitatively monitor the levels of Neurochemicals in the extracellular fluid in vivo. However, the chemical and physiological complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) presents challenges for the development of these analytical methods. This Account describes the rational design and careful construction of electrodes and nanoparticles with specific surface/interface chemistry for quantitative in vivo monitoring of brain chemistry.We used the redox nature of Neurochemicals at the electrode/electrolyte interface to establish a basis for monitoring specific Neurochemicals. Carbon nanotubes provide an electrode/electrolyte interface for the selective oxidation of ascorbate, and we have developed both in vivo voltammetry and an online electrochemical detecting system for continuously monitoring this molecule in the CNS. Although Ca2+ and Mg2+ are involved in a number of Neurochemical signaling processes, they are ...
Zuoxin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Chinese Striped
2016Co-Authors: Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Hamsters Barabensis, Yu Wang, Yongliang Pan, Zuoxin Wang, Zhibin ZhangAbstract:Species differences in Neurochemical expression and activity in the brain may play an important role in species-specific patterns of social behavior. In the present study, we used immunoreactive (ir) labeling to compare the regional density of cells containing oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), or estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) staining in the brains of social Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and solitary Chinese striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Multiple region- and Neurochemical-specific species differences were found. In the anterior hypothalamus (AH), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of AVP-ir and ERa-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters. In the lateral hypothalamus (LH), Mongolian gerbils also had higher densities of AVP-ir and TH-ir cells, but a lower density of OT-ir cells, than Chinese striped hamsters. Furthermore, in the anterior nucleus of the medial preoptic area (MPOAa), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of OT-ir and AVP-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters, and an opposite pattern was found in the posterior nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAp). Some sex differences were also observed. Females of both species had higher densities of TH-ir cells in the MPOAa and of OT-ir cells in the intermediate nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAi) than males. Given the role of these Neurochemicals in social behaviors, our data provide additional evidence to support the notion that species-specific patterns of Neurochemical expression in the brain may be involved in species differences in social behaviors associated wit
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species differences in the immunoreactive expression of oxytocin vasopressin tyrosine hydroxylase and estrogen receptor alpha in the brain of mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus and chinese striped hamsters cricetulus barabensis
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Wang, Yongliang Pan, Zuoxin Wang, Zhibin ZhangAbstract:Species differences in Neurochemical expression and activity in the brain may play an important role in species-specific patterns of social behavior. In the present study, we used immunoreactive (ir) labeling to compare the regional density of cells containing oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), or estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) staining in the brains of social Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and solitary Chinese striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Multiple region- and Neurochemical-specific species differences were found. In the anterior hypothalamus (AH), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of AVP-ir and ERα-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters. In the lateral hypothalamus (LH), Mongolian gerbils also had higher densities of AVP-ir and TH-ir cells, but a lower density of OT-ir cells, than Chinese striped hamsters. Furthermore, in the anterior nucleus of the medial preoptic area (MPOAa), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of OT-ir and AVP-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters, and an opposite pattern was found in the posterior nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAp). Some sex differences were also observed. Females of both species had higher densities of TH-ir cells in the MPOAa and of OT-ir cells in the intermediate nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAi) than males. Given the role of these Neurochemicals in social behaviors, our data provide additional evidence to support the notion that species-specific patterns of Neurochemical expression in the brain may be involved in species differences in social behaviors associated with different life strategies.
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Neurochemical regulation of pair bonding in male prairie voles
Physiology & Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Zuoxin Wang, Brandon J AragonaAbstract:Pair bonding represents social attachment between mates and is common among monogamous animals. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a monogamous rodent in which mating facilitates pair bond formation. In this review, we first discuss how prairie voles have been used as an excellent model for neurobiological studies of pair bonding. We then primarily focus on male prairie voles to summarize recent findings from neuroanatomical, Neurochemical, cellular, molecular, and behavioral studies implicating vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), and dopamine (DA) in the regulation of pair bonding. Possible interactions among these Neurochemicals in the regulation of pair bonding, the brain areas important for pair bond formation, and potential sexually dimorphic mechanisms underlying pair bonding are also discussed. As analogous social bonds are formed by humans, investigation of the Neurochemical regulation of pair bond formation in prairie voles may be beneficial for our understanding of the mechanisms associated with normal and abnormal social behaviors in humans.
Zhibin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and Chinese Striped
2016Co-Authors: Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Hamsters Barabensis, Yu Wang, Yongliang Pan, Zuoxin Wang, Zhibin ZhangAbstract:Species differences in Neurochemical expression and activity in the brain may play an important role in species-specific patterns of social behavior. In the present study, we used immunoreactive (ir) labeling to compare the regional density of cells containing oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), or estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) staining in the brains of social Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and solitary Chinese striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Multiple region- and Neurochemical-specific species differences were found. In the anterior hypothalamus (AH), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of AVP-ir and ERa-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters. In the lateral hypothalamus (LH), Mongolian gerbils also had higher densities of AVP-ir and TH-ir cells, but a lower density of OT-ir cells, than Chinese striped hamsters. Furthermore, in the anterior nucleus of the medial preoptic area (MPOAa), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of OT-ir and AVP-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters, and an opposite pattern was found in the posterior nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAp). Some sex differences were also observed. Females of both species had higher densities of TH-ir cells in the MPOAa and of OT-ir cells in the intermediate nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAi) than males. Given the role of these Neurochemicals in social behaviors, our data provide additional evidence to support the notion that species-specific patterns of Neurochemical expression in the brain may be involved in species differences in social behaviors associated wit
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species differences in the immunoreactive expression of oxytocin vasopressin tyrosine hydroxylase and estrogen receptor alpha in the brain of mongolian gerbils meriones unguiculatus and chinese striped hamsters cricetulus barabensis
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Wang, Yongliang Pan, Zuoxin Wang, Zhibin ZhangAbstract:Species differences in Neurochemical expression and activity in the brain may play an important role in species-specific patterns of social behavior. In the present study, we used immunoreactive (ir) labeling to compare the regional density of cells containing oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), or estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) staining in the brains of social Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and solitary Chinese striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Multiple region- and Neurochemical-specific species differences were found. In the anterior hypothalamus (AH), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of AVP-ir and ERα-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters. In the lateral hypothalamus (LH), Mongolian gerbils also had higher densities of AVP-ir and TH-ir cells, but a lower density of OT-ir cells, than Chinese striped hamsters. Furthermore, in the anterior nucleus of the medial preoptic area (MPOAa), Mongolian gerbils had higher densities of OT-ir and AVP-ir cells than Chinese striped hamsters, and an opposite pattern was found in the posterior nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAp). Some sex differences were also observed. Females of both species had higher densities of TH-ir cells in the MPOAa and of OT-ir cells in the intermediate nucleus of the MPOA (MPOAi) than males. Given the role of these Neurochemicals in social behaviors, our data provide additional evidence to support the notion that species-specific patterns of Neurochemical expression in the brain may be involved in species differences in social behaviors associated with different life strategies.
Aditi Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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normalization of cerebral blood flow Neurochemicals and white matter integrity after kidney transplantation
Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 2021Co-Authors: Rebecca J Lepping, Robert N Montgomery, Palash Sharma, Jonathan D Mahnken, Eric D Vidoni, Inyoung Choi, Mark J Sarnak, William M Brooks, Jeffrey M Burns, Aditi GuptaAbstract:BACKGROUND CKD is associated with abnormalities in cerebral blood flow, cerebral Neurochemical concentrations, and white matter integrity. Each of these is associated with adverse clinical consequences in the non-CKD population, which may explain the high prevalence of dementia and stroke in ESKD. Because cognition improves after kidney transplantation, comparing these brain abnormalities before and after kidney transplantation may identify potential reversibility in ESKD-associated brain abnormalities. METHODS In this study of patients with ESKD and age-matched healthy controls, we used arterial spin labeling to assess the effects of kidney transplantation on cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to measure cerebral Neurochemical concentrations (N-acetylaspartate, choline, glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, and total creatine). We also assessed white matter integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with diffusion tensor imaging. We used a linear mixed model analysis to compare longitudinal, repeated brain magnetic resonance imaging measurements before, 3 months after, and 12 months after transplantation and compared these findings with those of healthy controls. RESULTS Study participants included 29 patients with ESKD and 19 controls; 22 patients completed post-transplant magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow, which was higher in patients pretransplant compared with controls (P=0.003), decreased post-transplant (P<0.001) to values in controls. Concentrations of Neurochemicals choline and myo-inositol that were higher pretransplant compared with controls (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) also normalized post-transplant (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). FA increased (P=0.001) and MD decreased (P<0.001) post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS Certain brain abnormalities in CKD are reversible and normalize with kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these brain abnormalities and to explore interventions to mitigate them even in patients who cannot be transplanted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Cognitive Impairment and Imaging Correlates in End Stage Renal Disease, NCT01883349.
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normalization of cerebral blood flow Neurochemicals and white matter integrity after kidney transplantation
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca J Lepping, Robert N Montgomery, Palash Sharma, Jonathan D Mahnken, Eric D Vidoni, Inyoung Choi, Mark J Sarnak, William M Brooks, Jeffrey M Burns, Aditi GuptaAbstract:Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with abnormalities in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral Neurochemical concentrations and white matter integrity, each of which are associated with adverse clinical consequences in the non-CKD population, and may explain the high prevalence of dementia and stroke in end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Since cognition improves after kidney transplantation (KT), we examined these brain abnormalities pre-to post-KT to identify potential reversibility in ESKD-associated brain abnormalities. Methods: We measured the effects of KT on CBF assessed by arterial spin labeling, cerebral Neurochemical concentrations (N-acetylaspartate, choline, glutamate and glutamine, myo-inositol and total creatine) measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and white matter integrity measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with diffusion tensor imaging. We used a linear mixed model analysis to compare longitudinal, repeated brain MRI measurements pre-KT, and 3 months and 12 months post-KT, and also compared findings with healthy controls. Results: 29 ESKD patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. 22 patients underwent post-KT MRI. CBF, which was higher pre-KT than in controls (p=0.003), decreased post-KT (p<0.0001) to values in controls. KT also normalized concentrations of osmotic Neurochemicals choline (p<0.0001) and myo-inositol (p=0.0003) that were higher pre-KT compared to controls. Post-KT, FA increased (p=0.001) and MD decreased (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Brain abnormalities in CKD are reversible and normalize with KT. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these brain abnormalities and to explore interventions to mitigate them even in patients who cannot be transplanted.
