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Brett L Foster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mapping human temporal and parietal neuronal population activity and functional coupling during mathematical cognition
2016Co-Authors: Amy L Daitch, Brett L Foster, Jessica Schrouff, Itir Kasikci, Sandra Gattas, Vinitha RangarajanAbstract:Brain areas within the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and ventral temporal cortex (VTC) have been shown to code for abstract quantity representations and for symbolic Numerical representations, respectively. To explore the fast dynamics of activity within each region and the interaction between them, we used electrocorticography recordings from 16 neurosurgical subjects implanted with grids of electrodes over these two regions and tracked the activity within and between the regions as subjects performed three different Numerical tasks. Although our results reconfirm the presence of math-selective hubs within the VTC and LPC, we report here a remarkable heterogeneity of neural responses within each region at both millimeter and millisecond scales. Moreover, we show that the heterogeneity of response profiles within each hub mirrors the distinct patterns of functional coupling between them. Our results support the existence of multiple bidirectional functional loops operating between discrete populations of neurons within the VTC and LPC during the visual Processing of numerals and the performance of arithmetic functions. These findings reveal information about the dynamics of Numerical Processing in the brain and also provide insight into the fine-grained functional architecture and connectivity within the human brain.
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Numerical Processing in the human parietal cortex during experimental and natural conditions
2013Co-Authors: Mohammad Dastjerdi, Brett L Foster, Vinitha Rangarajan, Muge Ozker, Josef ParviziAbstract:Human cognition is traditionally studied in experimental conditions wherein confounding complexities of the natural environment are intentionally eliminated. Thus, it remains unknown how a brain region involved in a particular experimental condition is engaged in natural conditions. Here we use electrocorticography to address this uncertainty in three participants implanted with intracranial electrodes and identify activations of neuronal populations within the intraparietal sulcus region during an experimental arithmetic condition. In a subsequent analysis, we report that the same intraparietal sulcus neural populations are activated when participants, engaged in social conversations, refer to objects with Numerical content. Our prototype approach provides a means for both exploring human brain dynamics as they unfold in complex social settings and reconstructing natural experiences from recorded brain signals.
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neural populations in human posteromedial cortex display opposing responses during memory and Numerical Processing
2012Co-Authors: Brett L Foster, Mohammad Dastjerdi, Josef ParviziAbstract:Our understanding of the human default mode network derives primarily from neuroimaging data but its electrophysiological correlates remain largely unexplored. To address this limitation, we recorded intracranially from the human posteromedial cortex (PMC), a core structure of the default mode network, during various conditions of internally directed (e.g., autobiographical memory) as opposed to externally directed focus (e.g., arithmetic calculation). We observed late-onset (>400 ms) increases in broad high γ-power (70–180 Hz) within PMC subregions during memory retrieval. High γ-power was significantly reduced or absent when subjects retrieved self-referential semantic memories or responded to self-judgment statements, respectively. Conversely, a significant deactivation of high γ-power was observed during arithmetic calculation, the duration of which correlated with reaction time at the signal-trial level. Strikingly, at each recording site, the magnitude of activation during episodic autobiographical memory retrieval predicted the degree of suppression during arithmetic calculation. These findings provide important anatomical and temporal details—at the neural population level—of PMC engagement during autobiographical memory retrieval and address how the same populations are actively suppressed during tasks, such as Numerical Processing, which require externally directed attention.
Sandra Gattas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mapping human temporal and parietal neuronal population activity and functional coupling during mathematical cognition
2016Co-Authors: Amy L Daitch, Brett L Foster, Jessica Schrouff, Itir Kasikci, Sandra Gattas, Vinitha RangarajanAbstract:Brain areas within the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and ventral temporal cortex (VTC) have been shown to code for abstract quantity representations and for symbolic Numerical representations, respectively. To explore the fast dynamics of activity within each region and the interaction between them, we used electrocorticography recordings from 16 neurosurgical subjects implanted with grids of electrodes over these two regions and tracked the activity within and between the regions as subjects performed three different Numerical tasks. Although our results reconfirm the presence of math-selective hubs within the VTC and LPC, we report here a remarkable heterogeneity of neural responses within each region at both millimeter and millisecond scales. Moreover, we show that the heterogeneity of response profiles within each hub mirrors the distinct patterns of functional coupling between them. Our results support the existence of multiple bidirectional functional loops operating between discrete populations of neurons within the VTC and LPC during the visual Processing of numerals and the performance of arithmetic functions. These findings reveal information about the dynamics of Numerical Processing in the brain and also provide insight into the fine-grained functional architecture and connectivity within the human brain.
Xinlin Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the semantic system supports the Processing of mathematical principles
2019Co-Authors: Jie Liu, Chuansheng Chen, Jiaxin Cui, Xinlin Zhou, Li Yuan, Han ZhangAbstract:Abstract Although numerous studies have shown that brain regions around the intraparietal sulcus play an important role in general mathematical or Numerical Processing, little is known about the specific neural correlates for Processing mathematical principles. In the present study, we compared the activation intensity, multi-voxel activation patterns, and functional connectivity (FC) related to Processing mathematical principles (including arithmetic and logic) with those related to arithmetic. Twenty right-handed undergraduates (10 male; aged 18–25 years) participated in the study. Results of whole-brain univariate analysis showed that brain activity in the left angular gyrus (AG) was consistently stronger for mathematical principles than for computation. Multiple-voxel activation patterns at the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) differed between mathematical principles and arithmetical computation. Additionally, psychophysiological interaction analysis showed that the functional connectivities between (1) the left middle temporal gyrus and the intraparietal sulcus, (2) left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal cortex (IFG), and (3) the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and left angular gyrus were consistently stronger for mathematical principles than for computation. As the AG, MTG and orbital part of IFG were key regions of the semantic system, these results provided direct evidence that the semantic system plays an important role in the Processing of mathematical principles. Although numerous studies have shown that brain regions around the intraparietal sulcus play an important role in Numerical Processing, little is known about the specific neural correlates for Processing mathematical principles. This study determined how Processing mathematical principles differs from mathematical computation in the brain in terms of activity levels and functional connections. Results from the univariate, multi-voxel, and functional connectivity analyses consistently revealed that the left angular gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus were more involved in the Processing of mathematical principles than in computation. These regions are connected with the intraparietal sulcus, the core region involved in mathematical Processing. As the AG, MTG and orbital part of IFG were key regions of the semantic system, these results provide direct evidence for a crucial role of the semantic system in the Processing of mathematical principles.
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modality dependent or modality independent Processing in mental arithmetic evidence from unimpaired auditory multiplication for a patient with left frontotemporal stroke
2017Co-Authors: Dazhi Cheng, Li Yuan, Qian Chen, Xinlin ZhouAbstract:Objectives: Mental arithmetic is essential to daily life. Researchers have explored the mechanisms that underlie mental arithmetic. Whether mental arithmetic fact retrieval is dependent on surface modality or knowledge format is still highly debated. Chinese individuals typically use a procedure strategy for addition; and they typically use a rote verbal strategy for multiplication. This provides a way to examine the effect of surface modality on different arithmetic operations. Methods: We used a series of neuropsychological tests (i.e., general cognitive, language Processing, Numerical Processing, addition, and multiplication in visual and auditory conditions) for a patient who had experienced a left frontotemporal stroke. Results: The patient had language production impairment; but preserved verbal Processing concerning basic Numerical abilities. Moreover, the patient had preserved multiplication in the auditory presentation rather than in the visual presentation. The patient suffered from impairments in an addition task, regardless of visual or auditory presentation. Conclusions: The findings suggest that mental multiplication could be characterized as a form of modality-dependent Processing, which was accessed through auditory input. The learning strategy of multiplication table recitation could shape the verbal memory of multiplication leading to persistence of the auditory module. (JINS, 2017, 23, 692–699)
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both non symbolic and symbolic quantity Processing are important for arithmetical computation but not for mathematical reasoning
2016Co-Authors: Yiyun Zhang, Chuansheng Chen, Hang Liu, Jiaxin Cui, Xinlin ZhouAbstract:ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether Numerical Processing was important for two types of mathematical competence: arithmetical computation and mathematical reasoning. Thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven Chinese primary school children in third through sixth grades took eight computerised tasks: Numerical Processing (numerosity comparison, digit comparison), arithmetical computation, number series completion, non-verbal matrix reasoning, mental rotation, choice reaction time, and word rhyming. Hierarchical regressions showed that both non-symbolic Numerical Processing (numerosity comparison) and symbolic Numerical Processing (digit comparison) were independent predictors of arithmetical computation but neither was a predictor of mathematical reasoning (assessed by number series completion). These findings suggest that the cognitive basis of mathematical performance varies depending on the type of mathematical competence measured.
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cognitive correlates of performance in advanced mathematics
2012Co-Authors: Wei Wei, Chuansheng Chen, Hongbo Yuan, Xinlin ZhouAbstract:Background.Much research has been devoted to understanding cognitive correlates of elementary mathematics performance, but little such research has been done for advanced mathematics (e.g., modern algebra, statistics, and mathematical logic). Aims.To promote mathematical knowledge among college students, it is necessary to understand what factors (including cognitive factors) are important for acquiring advanced mathematics. Samples.We recruited 80 undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. Methods.The current study investigated the associations between students' performance on a test of advanced mathematics and a battery of 17 cognitive tasks on basic Numerical Processing, complex Numerical Processing, spatial abilities, language abilities, and general cognitive Processing. Results.The results showed that spatial abilities were significantly correlated with performance in advanced mathematics after controlling for other factors. In addition, certain language abilities (i.e., comprehension of words and sentences) also made unique contributions. In contrast, basic Numerical Processing and computation were generally not correlated with performance in advanced mathematics. Conclusions.Results suggest that spatial abilities and language comprehension, but not basic Numerical Processing, may play an important role in advanced mathematics. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical significance and practical implications. © 2011 The British Psychological Society.
Vinitha Rangarajan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mapping human temporal and parietal neuronal population activity and functional coupling during mathematical cognition
2016Co-Authors: Amy L Daitch, Brett L Foster, Jessica Schrouff, Itir Kasikci, Sandra Gattas, Vinitha RangarajanAbstract:Brain areas within the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and ventral temporal cortex (VTC) have been shown to code for abstract quantity representations and for symbolic Numerical representations, respectively. To explore the fast dynamics of activity within each region and the interaction between them, we used electrocorticography recordings from 16 neurosurgical subjects implanted with grids of electrodes over these two regions and tracked the activity within and between the regions as subjects performed three different Numerical tasks. Although our results reconfirm the presence of math-selective hubs within the VTC and LPC, we report here a remarkable heterogeneity of neural responses within each region at both millimeter and millisecond scales. Moreover, we show that the heterogeneity of response profiles within each hub mirrors the distinct patterns of functional coupling between them. Our results support the existence of multiple bidirectional functional loops operating between discrete populations of neurons within the VTC and LPC during the visual Processing of numerals and the performance of arithmetic functions. These findings reveal information about the dynamics of Numerical Processing in the brain and also provide insight into the fine-grained functional architecture and connectivity within the human brain.
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Numerical Processing in the human parietal cortex during experimental and natural conditions
2013Co-Authors: Mohammad Dastjerdi, Brett L Foster, Vinitha Rangarajan, Muge Ozker, Josef ParviziAbstract:Human cognition is traditionally studied in experimental conditions wherein confounding complexities of the natural environment are intentionally eliminated. Thus, it remains unknown how a brain region involved in a particular experimental condition is engaged in natural conditions. Here we use electrocorticography to address this uncertainty in three participants implanted with intracranial electrodes and identify activations of neuronal populations within the intraparietal sulcus region during an experimental arithmetic condition. In a subsequent analysis, we report that the same intraparietal sulcus neural populations are activated when participants, engaged in social conversations, refer to objects with Numerical content. Our prototype approach provides a means for both exploring human brain dynamics as they unfold in complex social settings and reconstructing natural experiences from recorded brain signals.
Roi Cohen Kadosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intentional and automatic Numerical Processing as predictors of mathematical abilities in primary school children
2015Co-Authors: Violeta Pina, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Alejandro Castillo, Luis J FuentesAbstract:Previous studies have suggested that Numerical Processing relates to mathematical performance, but it seems that such relationship is more evident for intentional than for automatic Numerical Processing. In the present study we assessed the relationship between the two types of Numerical Processing and specific mathematical abilities in a sample of 109 children in grades 1 to 6. Participants were tested in an ample range of mathematical tests and also performed both a Numerical and a size comparison task. The results showed that Numerical Processing related to mathematical performance only when inhibitory control was involved in the comparison tasks. Concretely, we found that intentional Numerical Processing, as indexed by the Numerical distance effect in the Numerical comparison task, was related to mathematical reasoning skills only when the task-irrelevant dimension (the physical size) was incongruent; whereas automatic Numerical Processing, indexed by the congruency effect in the size comparison task, was related to mathematical calculation skills only when digits were separated by small distance. The observed double dissociation highlights the relevance of both intentional and automatic Numerical Processing in mathematical skills, but when inhibitory control is also involved.
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can transcranial electrical stimulation improve learning difficulties in atypical brain development a future possibility for cognitive training
2013Co-Authors: Beatrix Krause, Roi Cohen KadoshAbstract:Learning difficulties in atypical brain development represent serious obstacles to an individual's future achievements and can have broad societal consequences. Cognitive training can improve learning impairments only to a certain degree. Recent evidence from normal and clinical adult populations suggests that transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), a portable, painless, inexpensive, and relatively safe neuroenhancement tool, applied in conjunction with cognitive training can enhance cognitive intervention outcomes. This includes, for instance, Numerical Processing, language skills and response inhibition deficits commonly associated with profound learning difficulties and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current review introduces the functional principles, current applications and promising results, and potential pitfalls of TES. Unfortunately, research in child populations is limited at present. We suggest that TES has considerable promise as a tool for increasing neuroplasticity in atypically developing children and may be an effective adjunct to cognitive training in clinical settings if it proves safe. The efficacy and both short- and long-term effects of TES on the developing brain need to be critically assessed before it can be recommended for clinical settings.
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virtual dyscalculia induced by parietal lobe tms impairs automatic magnitude Processing
2007Co-Authors: Roi Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Teresa Schuhmann, Amanda L Kaas, Rainer Goebel, Avishai Henik, Alexander T SackAbstract:People suffering from developmental dyscalculia encounter difficulties in automatically accessing Numerical magnitudes [1-3]. For example, when instructed to attend to the physical size of a number while ignoring its Numerical value, dyscalculic subjects, unlike healthy participants, fail to process the irrelevant dimension automatically and subsequently show a smaller size-congruity effect (difference in reaction time between incongruent [e.g., a physically large 2 and a physically small 4] and congruent [e.g., a physically small 2 and a physically large 4] conditions), and no facilitation (neutral [e.g., a physically small 2 and a physically large 2] versus congruent) [3]. Previous imaging studies determined the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as a central area for Numerical Processing [4-11]. A few studies tried to identify the brain dysfunction underlying developmental dyscalculia but yielded mixed results regarding the involvement of the left [12] or the right [13] IPS. Here we applied fMRI-guided TMS neuronavigation to disrupt left- or right-IPS activation clusters in order to induce dyscalculic-like behavioral deficits in healthy volunteers. Automatic magnitude Processing was impaired only during disruption of right-IPS activity. When using the identical paradigm with dyscalculic participants, we reproduced a result pattern similar to that obtained with nondyscalculic volunteers during right-IPS disruption. These findings provide direct evidence for the functional role of right IPS in automatic magnitude Processing.
