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Amy F Subar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using national dietary intake data to evaluate and adapt the us diet history questionnaire the stepwise tailoring of an ffq for canadian use
Public Health Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Ilona Csizmadi, Geraldine Lo Siou, Beatrice A Boucher, Isabelle Massarelli, Isabelle Rondeau, Didier Garriguet, Anita Koushik, Janine Elenko, Amy F SubarAbstract:Objective To evaluate the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire I (C-DHQ I) food list and to adapt the US DHQ II for Canada using Canadian dietary survey data. Design Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls reported by adults in a national Canadian survey were analysed to create a food list corresponding to C-DHQ I food questions. The percentage contribution of the food list to the total survey intake of seventeen Nutrients was used as the criterion to evaluate the suitability of the C-DHQ I to capture food intake in Canadian populations. The data were also analysed to identify foods and to modify portion sizes for the C-DHQ II. Setting The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) - Cycle 2.2 Nutrition (2004). Subjects Adults (n 20 159) who completed 24 h dietary recalls during in-person interviews. Results Four thousand five hundred and thirty-three foods and recipes were grouped into 268 Food Groups, of which 212 corresponded to questions on the C-DHQ I. Nutrient intakes captured by the C-DHQ I ranged from 79 % for fat to 100 % for alcohol. For the new C-DHQ II, some food questions were retained from the original US DHQ II while others were added based on foods reported in CCHS and foods available on the Canadian market since 2004. Of 153 questions, 143 were associated with portion sizes of which fifty-three were modified from US values. Sex-specific Nutrient profiles for the C-DHQ II Nutrient Database were derived using CCHS data. Conclusions The C-DHQ I and II are designed to optimize the capture of foods consumed by Canadian populations.
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digital food photography dietary surveillance and beyond
Procedia food science, 2013Co-Authors: Noemi Islam, Amy F Subar, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Hafza Dadabhoy, Adam Gillum, Janice Baranowski, Tom BaranowskiAbstract:Abstract The method used for creating a Database of approximately 20,000 digital images of multiple portion sizes of foods linked to the USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is presented. The creation of this Database began in 2002 and its development has spanned 10 years. Initially the images were intended to be used as a kid-friendly aid for estimating portion size in the context of a computerized 24-hour dietary recall for 8-15 year old children. In 2006, Baylor College of Medicine, Westat, and the National Cancer Institute initiated a collaboration that resulted in the expansion of this image Database in preparation for the release of the web-based Automated Self- Administered 24 Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24) for adults (now also available for use by children – ASA24-Kids). Researchers in the US and overseas have capitalized on these digital images for purposes including, but not limited, to dietary assessment.
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challenges in converting an interviewer administered food probe Database to self administration in the national cancer institute automated self administered 24 hour recall asa24
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2009Co-Authors: Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Frances E Thompson, Suzanne Mcnutt, Stephen G. Hull, Noemi Islam, Beth Mittl, Patricia M Guenther, Nancy Potischman, Amy F SubarAbstract:Abstract The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is developing an automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) application to collect and code dietary intake data. The goal of the ASA24 development is to create a web-based dietary interview based on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) instrument currently used in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The ASA24 food list, detail probes, and portion probes were drawn from the AMPM instrument; portion-size pictures from Baylor College of Medicine's Food Intake Recording Software System (FIRSSt) were added; and the food code/portion code assignments were linked to the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). The requirements that the interview be self-administered and fully auto-coded presented several challenges as the AMPM probes and responses were linked with the FNDDS food codes and portion pictures. This linking was accomplished through a “food pathway,” or the sequence of steps that leads from a respondent's initial food selection, through the AMPM probes and portion pictures, to the point at which a food code and gram weight portion size are assigned. The ASA24 interview Database that accomplishes this contains more than 1100 food probes and more than 2 million food pathways and will include about 10,000 pictures of individual foods depicting up to 8 portion sizes per food. The ASA24 will make the administration of multiple days of recalls in large-scale studies economical and feasible.
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adaptation and evaluation of the national cancer institute s diet history questionnaire and Nutrient Database for canadian populations
Public Health Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Ilona Csizmadi, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Lisa Kahle, Ruth Ullman, Ursula Dawe, Christine M Friedenreich, Heather Bryant, Amy F SubarAbstract:Background and objective: Despite assumed similarities in Canadian and US dietary habits, some differences in food availability and Nutrient fortification exist. Food-frequency questionnaires designed for the USA may therefore not provide the most accurate estimates of dietary intake in Canadian populations. Hence, we undertook to evaluate and modify the National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) and Nutrient Database. Methods: Of the foods queried on the DHQ, those most likely to differ in Nutrient composition were identified. Where possible these foods were matched to comparable foods in the Canadian Nutrient File. Nutrient values were examined and modified to reflect the Canadian content of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) and vitamins (A, C, D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B 6 , folate and B 12 ). DHQs completed by 13 181 Alberta Cohort Study participants aged 35-69 years were analysed to estimate Nutrient intakes using the original US and modified versions of the DHQ Databases. Misclassification of intake for meeting the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) was determined following analysis with the US Nutrient Database. Results: Twenty-five per cent of 2411 foods deemed most likely to differ in Nutrient profile were subsequently modified for folate, 11% for vitamin D, 10% for calcium and riboflavin, and between 7 and 10% for the remaining Nutrients of interest. Misclassification with respect to meeting the DRI varied but was highest for folate (7%) and vitamin A (7%) among men, and for vitamin D (7%) among women over 50 years of age. Conclusion: Errors in Nutrient intake estimates owing to differences in food fortification between the USA and Canada can be reduced in Canadian populations by using Nutrient Databases that reflect Canadian fortification practices.
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methodology for adding glycemic load values to the national cancer institute diet history questionnaire Database
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Andrew Flood, Amy F Subar, David J.a. Jenkins, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Stephen G. Hull, Arthur SchatzkinAbstract:Abstract Background A growing interest exists in using glycemic index and glycemic load as potentially important exposures in investigations of risk for a variety of chronic diseases. Objective We added values for glycemic index and glycemic load to the Nutrient Database of a commonly used dietary assessment instrument, the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Design The Nutrient Database for the DHQ is based on 4,200 individual foods reported by adults in the 1994-1996 US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). This list was condensed into 225 nutritionally similar groupings of individual foods. Using published glycemic index values we assigned glycemic index values to each of the individual CSFII foods in these food groups. In cases where CSFII foods did not correspond tightly to foods with published glycemic index values, we used decision criteria to assign glycemic index values. We then calculated sex- and serving size-specific glycemic load for each of the 225 food groups using the weighted mean method. Quality assessments were made to help evaluate the success of this method for assigning glycemic load values. Results Seventy-one percent of the top carbohydrate-contributing food groups had in excess of 90% of the CSFII mentions linked directly to a published glycemic index value (ie, no imputation was required), and 100% of these food groups had at least 50% of total mentions linked directly. Conclusions Using this method, it is now possible to use DHQ responses to assess the associations between reported glycemic load and glycemic index and risk of many chronic diseases in epidemiologic studies.
Joanne M Holden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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usda food and Nutrient Databases provide the infrastructure for food and nutrition research policy and practice
Journal of Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Jaspreet Ahuja, Alanna J. Moshfegh, Joanne M Holden, Ellen HarrisAbstract:The USDA food and Nutrient Databases provide the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition research, nutrition monitoring, policy, and dietary practice. They have had a long history that goes back to 1892 and are unique, as they are the only Databases available in the public domain that perform these functions. There are 4 major food and Nutrient Databases released by the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), part of the USDAs Agricultural Research Service. These include the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database, the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, and the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database. The users of the Databases are diverse and include federal agencies, the food industry, health professionals, restaurants, software application developers, academia and research organizations, international organizations, and foreign governments, among others. Many of these users have partnered with BHNRC to leverage funds and/or scientific expertise to work toward common goals. The use of the Databases has increased tremendously in the past few years, especially the breadth of uses. These new uses of the data are bound to increase with the increased availability of technology and public health emphasis on diet-related measures such as sodium and energy reduction. Hence, continued improvement of the Databases is important, so that they can better address these challenges and provide reliable and accurate data. J. Nutr. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.170043.
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vitamin d content and variability in fluid milks from a us department of agriculture nationwide sampling to update values in the national Nutrient Database for standard reference
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Kristine Y. Patterson, Katherine M. Phillips, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, William Craig Byrdwell, L E Lemar, Joanne M HoldenAbstract:This study determined the vitamin D(3) content and variability of retail milk in the United States having a declared fortification level of 400 IU (10 μg) per quart (qt; 1 qt=946.4 mL), which is 25% daily value per 8 fluid ounce (236.6 mL) serving. In 2007, vitamin D(3) fortified milk (skim, 1%, 2%, whole, and 1% fat chocolate milk) was collected from 24 statistically selected supermarkets in the United States. Additionally, 2% milk samples from an earlier 2001 USDA nationwide collection were reanalyzed. Vitamin D(3) was determined using a specifically validated method involving HPLC with UV spectroscopic detection and vitamin D(2) as an internal standard. Quality control materials were analyzed with the samples. Of the 120 milk samples procured in 2007, 49% had vitamin D(3) within 100 to 125% of 400 IU (10 μg)/qt (label value), 28% had 501 to 600 IU (12.5-15 μg)/qt, 16% had a level below the label amount, and 7% had greater than 600 IU (15 μg)/qt (>150% of label). Even though the mean vitamin D(3) content did not differ statistically between milk types, a wide range in values was found among individual samples, from nondetectable [<20 IU (0.5 μg)/qt] for one sample to almost 800 IU (20 μg)/qt, with a trend toward more samples of whole milk having greater than 150% of the labeled content. On average, vitamin D(3) in 2% milk was higher in 2007 compared with in 2001 [473 vs. 426 IU (11.8 vs. 10.6 μg)/qt].
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development and validation of control materials for the measurement of vitamin d3 in selected us foods
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2008Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Joanne M Holden, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, Craig W Byrdwell, James M Harnly, Michael F Holick, Bruce W Hollis, Linda E Lemar, Kristine Y. PattersonAbstract:Abstract As part of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), food composition data for vitamin D in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference are being updated and expanded, focusing on high priority foods and validated analytical methodology. A lack of certified reference materials and analytical methods validated for these key foods required the development of five matrix-specific control composite materials (CC) (canned salmon and vitamin D3 fortified cereal, orange juice, milk, and cheese). Each of six experienced laboratories (research and commercial) analyzed vitamin D3 in five subsamples of each CC in five separate analytical batches, with one subsample of each material in each run. Research laboratories performed recovery studies, mass spectrometric analysis, and other studies to validate quantitation in each matrix. Initial results showed a wide disparity between the six laboratories (RSDs of 26–46%). Extensive collaboration resolved several problems related to calibration standards, extraction solvents and the internal standard, achieving final values with RSDs of approximately 10%, validated by mass spectrometry tests that confirmed lack of matrix interferences in these foods.
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analyzing vitamin d in foods and supplements methodologic challenges
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Craig W Byrdwell, Joanne M Holden, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, James M Harnly, Michael F Holick, Bruce W Hollis, Jon Devries, Mark Lada, Linda E LemarAbstract:This report briefly reviews existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content of fortified and unfortified foods. The existing chemical methods are similar; all are time consuming, require experienced technicians, and have only been validated for a few materials (eg, dairy products or animal feed materials). This report also describes the lack of standard reference materials with certified values for vitamin D that laboratories need to guarantee the accuracy of existing analytic methods. Recently, the US Department of Agriculture, as part of a project to update the vitamin D values in the National Nutrient Database of Standard Reference, established an analytic methods committee to compare several existing vitamin D methods and to characterize 5 control materials (skim milk, processed cheese, cereal, orange juice, and salmon). Initial relative SDs for the 5 materials ranged from 35% to 50%. Elimination of systematic biases related to the methods and the standards yielded much more satisfactory relative SDs of 7% to 12%. This research has shown that existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content in foods can produce accurate results. A new, simpler, and faster method, however, would greatly benefit the field. To guarantee accuracy, we need certified reference materials for foods.
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Consequences of changes in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Databases
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2006Co-Authors: Susan E Gebhardt, Joanne M HoldenAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this work is to describe how the release of the new Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for the United States and Canada has necessitated changes in the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). New DRIs are reviewed to determine if the units for reporting vitamin intakes have changed and also to determine if the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is based on a different form of the vitamin than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). If the units have changed, decisions are made about how to change to the new units. If the form of the vitamin used for the UL is different from the form used for the RDA, consideration is given to reporting values for different forms of the vitamin. Since the release of the first new DRIs in 1997 several changes have been made to the SR. Folate is now reported in dietary folate equivalents as well as total folate. Folic acid is listed in the Database because this is the form that is used to assess intake at the UL. Vitamin A is reported in retinol activity equivalents instead of retinol equivalents and reflects reduced bioactivity of the provitamin-A-carotenoids. Retinol is listed in the Database because it is the form that is used to assess intake at the UL. Vitamin E is reported as mg of α -tocopherol instead of mg α -tocopherol equivalents. Milligrams of α -tocopherol in fortified foods were recalculated from IU values based on the form of the vitamin added, either RRR- α -tocopherol or all rac - α -tocopherol. Additional changes will need to be made to the Database for niacin and vitamin B 12 . The DRIs are the basis for determining the adequacy of diets. Therefore it is necessary for Nutrient Databases to conform to the DRIs to facilitate accurate monitoring of the adequacy of diets.
Thea Palmer Zimmerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digital food photography dietary surveillance and beyond
Procedia food science, 2013Co-Authors: Noemi Islam, Amy F Subar, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Hafza Dadabhoy, Adam Gillum, Janice Baranowski, Tom BaranowskiAbstract:Abstract The method used for creating a Database of approximately 20,000 digital images of multiple portion sizes of foods linked to the USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is presented. The creation of this Database began in 2002 and its development has spanned 10 years. Initially the images were intended to be used as a kid-friendly aid for estimating portion size in the context of a computerized 24-hour dietary recall for 8-15 year old children. In 2006, Baylor College of Medicine, Westat, and the National Cancer Institute initiated a collaboration that resulted in the expansion of this image Database in preparation for the release of the web-based Automated Self- Administered 24 Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24) for adults (now also available for use by children – ASA24-Kids). Researchers in the US and overseas have capitalized on these digital images for purposes including, but not limited, to dietary assessment.
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challenges in converting an interviewer administered food probe Database to self administration in the national cancer institute automated self administered 24 hour recall asa24
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2009Co-Authors: Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Frances E Thompson, Suzanne Mcnutt, Stephen G. Hull, Noemi Islam, Beth Mittl, Patricia M Guenther, Nancy Potischman, Amy F SubarAbstract:Abstract The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is developing an automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) application to collect and code dietary intake data. The goal of the ASA24 development is to create a web-based dietary interview based on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) instrument currently used in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The ASA24 food list, detail probes, and portion probes were drawn from the AMPM instrument; portion-size pictures from Baylor College of Medicine's Food Intake Recording Software System (FIRSSt) were added; and the food code/portion code assignments were linked to the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). The requirements that the interview be self-administered and fully auto-coded presented several challenges as the AMPM probes and responses were linked with the FNDDS food codes and portion pictures. This linking was accomplished through a “food pathway,” or the sequence of steps that leads from a respondent's initial food selection, through the AMPM probes and portion pictures, to the point at which a food code and gram weight portion size are assigned. The ASA24 interview Database that accomplishes this contains more than 1100 food probes and more than 2 million food pathways and will include about 10,000 pictures of individual foods depicting up to 8 portion sizes per food. The ASA24 will make the administration of multiple days of recalls in large-scale studies economical and feasible.
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Development of food composition Databases for food frequency questionnaires (FFQ)
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2008Co-Authors: Suzanne Mcnutt, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Stephen G. HullAbstract:The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most commonly used dietary assessment instrument for large epidemiological studies because it collects “usual” diet information at a low cost to researchers, and imposes a low burden to survey participants. The FFQ consists of a list of foods with little descriptive detail, and the respondent answers questions about the frequency of each food on the list. A FFQ food composition Database links each food in the list to its associated food component values. The steps required to develop a food composition Database for a FFQ are to define the purpose of the study, identify the source(s) of data, create a food list, make decisions about the need for portion size information, and incorporate the food component values into the Database. The sources of data most often used in the United States are the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Database for Standard Reference or the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Rather than develop a new FFQ for a study or survey, researchers may evaluate current, validated FFQs to determine if they can be used.
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adaptation and evaluation of the national cancer institute s diet history questionnaire and Nutrient Database for canadian populations
Public Health Nutrition, 2007Co-Authors: Ilona Csizmadi, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Lisa Kahle, Ruth Ullman, Ursula Dawe, Christine M Friedenreich, Heather Bryant, Amy F SubarAbstract:Background and objective: Despite assumed similarities in Canadian and US dietary habits, some differences in food availability and Nutrient fortification exist. Food-frequency questionnaires designed for the USA may therefore not provide the most accurate estimates of dietary intake in Canadian populations. Hence, we undertook to evaluate and modify the National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) and Nutrient Database. Methods: Of the foods queried on the DHQ, those most likely to differ in Nutrient composition were identified. Where possible these foods were matched to comparable foods in the Canadian Nutrient File. Nutrient values were examined and modified to reflect the Canadian content of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) and vitamins (A, C, D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B 6 , folate and B 12 ). DHQs completed by 13 181 Alberta Cohort Study participants aged 35-69 years were analysed to estimate Nutrient intakes using the original US and modified versions of the DHQ Databases. Misclassification of intake for meeting the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) was determined following analysis with the US Nutrient Database. Results: Twenty-five per cent of 2411 foods deemed most likely to differ in Nutrient profile were subsequently modified for folate, 11% for vitamin D, 10% for calcium and riboflavin, and between 7 and 10% for the remaining Nutrients of interest. Misclassification with respect to meeting the DRI varied but was highest for folate (7%) and vitamin A (7%) among men, and for vitamin D (7%) among women over 50 years of age. Conclusion: Errors in Nutrient intake estimates owing to differences in food fortification between the USA and Canada can be reduced in Canadian populations by using Nutrient Databases that reflect Canadian fortification practices.
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methodology for adding glycemic load values to the national cancer institute diet history questionnaire Database
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Andrew Flood, Amy F Subar, David J.a. Jenkins, Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Stephen G. Hull, Arthur SchatzkinAbstract:Abstract Background A growing interest exists in using glycemic index and glycemic load as potentially important exposures in investigations of risk for a variety of chronic diseases. Objective We added values for glycemic index and glycemic load to the Nutrient Database of a commonly used dietary assessment instrument, the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Design The Nutrient Database for the DHQ is based on 4,200 individual foods reported by adults in the 1994-1996 US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). This list was condensed into 225 nutritionally similar groupings of individual foods. Using published glycemic index values we assigned glycemic index values to each of the individual CSFII foods in these food groups. In cases where CSFII foods did not correspond tightly to foods with published glycemic index values, we used decision criteria to assign glycemic index values. We then calculated sex- and serving size-specific glycemic load for each of the 225 food groups using the weighted mean method. Quality assessments were made to help evaluate the success of this method for assigning glycemic load values. Results Seventy-one percent of the top carbohydrate-contributing food groups had in excess of 90% of the CSFII mentions linked directly to a published glycemic index value (ie, no imputation was required), and 100% of these food groups had at least 50% of total mentions linked directly. Conclusions Using this method, it is now possible to use DHQ responses to assess the associations between reported glycemic load and glycemic index and risk of many chronic diseases in epidemiologic studies.
Jacob Exler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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addressing information gaps in wild caught foods in the us brook trout nutritional analysis for inclusion into the usda national Nutrient Database for standard reference
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2017Co-Authors: Moira M. Tidball, Paul D Curtis, Jacob Exler, Meena Somanchi, J R Williams, Clifford E Kraft, Keith G. TidballAbstract:Abstract Motivations for seeking local food include eating foods for quality, nutritional value, ethics and environmental concerns. Wild foods, such as wild game and fish, are increasingly included as a local food source, yet many legally procured species of wild game and fish lack knownnutrition information in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Among those species that lack nutrition information are brook trout. The research team worked with the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) within USDA to develop a collection protocol for brook trout. Using legal angling techniques, samples were collected in the Adirondack region of New York State during the months of May and June 2012 by members of the research team. The trout were processed according to USDA determined dissection protocols to attain edible meat portions. Nutrient analysis was conducted on raw brook trout meat samples at USDA appointed commercial laboratories for proximates, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, individual fatty acids, and cholesterol. Analytical data was sent to NDL at USDA, where it was reviewed, compiled and published in SR. Nutrient values were determined by validated laboratories using quality assurance procedures. Full Nutrient profiles were made available in SR.
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vitamin d content and variability in fluid milks from a us department of agriculture nationwide sampling to update values in the national Nutrient Database for standard reference
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Kristine Y. Patterson, Katherine M. Phillips, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, William Craig Byrdwell, L E Lemar, Joanne M HoldenAbstract:This study determined the vitamin D(3) content and variability of retail milk in the United States having a declared fortification level of 400 IU (10 μg) per quart (qt; 1 qt=946.4 mL), which is 25% daily value per 8 fluid ounce (236.6 mL) serving. In 2007, vitamin D(3) fortified milk (skim, 1%, 2%, whole, and 1% fat chocolate milk) was collected from 24 statistically selected supermarkets in the United States. Additionally, 2% milk samples from an earlier 2001 USDA nationwide collection were reanalyzed. Vitamin D(3) was determined using a specifically validated method involving HPLC with UV spectroscopic detection and vitamin D(2) as an internal standard. Quality control materials were analyzed with the samples. Of the 120 milk samples procured in 2007, 49% had vitamin D(3) within 100 to 125% of 400 IU (10 μg)/qt (label value), 28% had 501 to 600 IU (12.5-15 μg)/qt, 16% had a level below the label amount, and 7% had greater than 600 IU (15 μg)/qt (>150% of label). Even though the mean vitamin D(3) content did not differ statistically between milk types, a wide range in values was found among individual samples, from nondetectable [<20 IU (0.5 μg)/qt] for one sample to almost 800 IU (20 μg)/qt, with a trend toward more samples of whole milk having greater than 150% of the labeled content. On average, vitamin D(3) in 2% milk was higher in 2007 compared with in 2001 [473 vs. 426 IU (11.8 vs. 10.6 μg)/qt].
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development and validation of control materials for the measurement of vitamin d3 in selected us foods
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2008Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Joanne M Holden, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, Craig W Byrdwell, James M Harnly, Michael F Holick, Bruce W Hollis, Linda E Lemar, Kristine Y. PattersonAbstract:Abstract As part of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), food composition data for vitamin D in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference are being updated and expanded, focusing on high priority foods and validated analytical methodology. A lack of certified reference materials and analytical methods validated for these key foods required the development of five matrix-specific control composite materials (CC) (canned salmon and vitamin D3 fortified cereal, orange juice, milk, and cheese). Each of six experienced laboratories (research and commercial) analyzed vitamin D3 in five subsamples of each CC in five separate analytical batches, with one subsample of each material in each run. Research laboratories performed recovery studies, mass spectrometric analysis, and other studies to validate quantitation in each matrix. Initial results showed a wide disparity between the six laboratories (RSDs of 26–46%). Extensive collaboration resolved several problems related to calibration standards, extraction solvents and the internal standard, achieving final values with RSDs of approximately 10%, validated by mass spectrometry tests that confirmed lack of matrix interferences in these foods.
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analyzing vitamin d in foods and supplements methodologic challenges
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Craig W Byrdwell, Joanne M Holden, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, James M Harnly, Michael F Holick, Bruce W Hollis, Jon Devries, Mark Lada, Linda E LemarAbstract:This report briefly reviews existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content of fortified and unfortified foods. The existing chemical methods are similar; all are time consuming, require experienced technicians, and have only been validated for a few materials (eg, dairy products or animal feed materials). This report also describes the lack of standard reference materials with certified values for vitamin D that laboratories need to guarantee the accuracy of existing analytic methods. Recently, the US Department of Agriculture, as part of a project to update the vitamin D values in the National Nutrient Database of Standard Reference, established an analytic methods committee to compare several existing vitamin D methods and to characterize 5 control materials (skim milk, processed cheese, cereal, orange juice, and salmon). Initial relative SDs for the 5 materials ranged from 35% to 50%. Elimination of systematic biases related to the methods and the standards yielded much more satisfactory relative SDs of 7% to 12%. This research has shown that existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content in foods can produce accurate results. A new, simpler, and faster method, however, would greatly benefit the field. To guarantee accuracy, we need certified reference materials for foods.
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Quality-control materials in the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP)
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Joanne M Holden, Kristine Y. Patterson, Amy S. Rasor, Jacob Exler, David B. Haytowitz, Pamela R. PehrssonAbstract:The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) develops and maintains the USDA National Nutrient Databank System (NDBS). Data are released from the NDBS for scientific and public use through the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) ( http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl ). In 1997 the NDL initiated the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to update and expand its food-composition data. The program included: 1) nationwide probability-based sampling of foods; 2) central processing and archiving of food samples; 3) analysis of food components at commercial, government, and university laboratories; 4) incorporation of new analytical data into the NDBS; and 5) dissemination of these data to the scientific community. A key feature and strength of the NFNAP was a rigorous quality-control program that enabled independent verification of the accuracy and precision of analytical results. Custom-made food-control composites and/or commercially available certified reference materials were sent to the laboratories, blinded, with the samples. Data for these materials were essential to ongoing monitoring of analytical work, to identify and resolve suspected analytical problems, to ensure the accuracy and precision of results for the NFNAP food samples.
Katherine M. Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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vitamin d and sterol composition of 10 types of mushrooms from retail suppliers in the united states
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Ronald L Horst, David M Ruggio, Bart Minor, Ryan R Simon, Mary Jo Feeney, William Craig Byrdwell, David B. HaytowitzAbstract:Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and sterols were analyzed in mushrooms sampled nationwide in the United States to update the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Vitamin D2 was assayed using HPLC with [3H]-vitamin D3 internal standard and sterols by GC-FID mass spectrometric (MS) confirmation. Vitamin D2 was low (0.1–0.3 μg/100 g) in Agaricus bisporus (white button, crimini, portabella) and enoki, moderate in shiitake and oyster (0.4–0.7 μg/100 g), and high in morel, chanterelle, maitake (5.2–28.1 μg/100 g) and UV-treated portabella (3.4–20.9 μg/100 g), with significant variability among composites for some types. Ergosterol (mg/100 g) was highest in maitake and shiitake (79.2, 84.9) and lowest in morel and enoki (26.3, 35.5); the range was <10 mg/100 g among white button composites but 12–50 mg/100 g among samples of other types. All mushrooms contained ergosta-5,7-dienol (22,23-dihydroergosterol) (3.53–18.0 mg/100 g) and (except morel) ergosta-7-enol. Only morel contained brassicasterol (28.6 mg/1...
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vitamin d and sterol composition of 10 types of mushrooms from retail suppliers in the united states
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Ronald L Horst, David M Ruggio, Bart Minor, Ryan R Simon, Mary Jo Feeney, William Craig Byrdwell, David B. HaytowitzAbstract:Vitamin D(2) (ergocalciferol) and sterols were analyzed in mushrooms sampled nationwide in the United States to update the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Vitamin D(2) was assayed using HPLC with [(3)H]-vitamin D(3) internal standard and sterols by GC-FID mass spectrometric (MS) confirmation. Vitamin D(2) was low (0.1-0.3 μg/100 g) in Agaricus bisporus (white button, crimini, portabella) and enoki, moderate in shiitake and oyster (0.4-0.7 μg/100 g), and high in morel, chanterelle, maitake (5.2-28.1 μg/100 g) and UV-treated portabella (3.4-20.9 μg/100 g), with significant variability among composites for some types. Ergosterol (mg/100 g) was highest in maitake and shiitake (79.2, 84.9) and lowest in morel and enoki (26.3, 35.5); the range was <10 mg/100 g among white button composites but 12-50 mg/100 g among samples of other types. All mushrooms contained ergosta-5,7-dienol (22,23-dihydroergosterol) (3.53-18.0 mg/100 g) and (except morel) ergosta-7-enol. Only morel contained brassicasterol (28.6 mg/100 g) and campesterol (1.23-4.54 mg/100 g) and no ergosta-7,22-dienol. MS was critical in distinguishing campesterol from ergosta-7,22-dienol.
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vitamin d content and variability in fluid milks from a us department of agriculture nationwide sampling to update values in the national Nutrient Database for standard reference
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Kristine Y. Patterson, Katherine M. Phillips, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, William Craig Byrdwell, L E Lemar, Joanne M HoldenAbstract:This study determined the vitamin D(3) content and variability of retail milk in the United States having a declared fortification level of 400 IU (10 μg) per quart (qt; 1 qt=946.4 mL), which is 25% daily value per 8 fluid ounce (236.6 mL) serving. In 2007, vitamin D(3) fortified milk (skim, 1%, 2%, whole, and 1% fat chocolate milk) was collected from 24 statistically selected supermarkets in the United States. Additionally, 2% milk samples from an earlier 2001 USDA nationwide collection were reanalyzed. Vitamin D(3) was determined using a specifically validated method involving HPLC with UV spectroscopic detection and vitamin D(2) as an internal standard. Quality control materials were analyzed with the samples. Of the 120 milk samples procured in 2007, 49% had vitamin D(3) within 100 to 125% of 400 IU (10 μg)/qt (label value), 28% had 501 to 600 IU (12.5-15 μg)/qt, 16% had a level below the label amount, and 7% had greater than 600 IU (15 μg)/qt (>150% of label). Even though the mean vitamin D(3) content did not differ statistically between milk types, a wide range in values was found among individual samples, from nondetectable [<20 IU (0.5 μg)/qt] for one sample to almost 800 IU (20 μg)/qt, with a trend toward more samples of whole milk having greater than 150% of the labeled content. On average, vitamin D(3) in 2% milk was higher in 2007 compared with in 2001 [473 vs. 426 IU (11.8 vs. 10.6 μg)/qt].
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development and validation of control materials for the measurement of vitamin d3 in selected us foods
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2008Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Joanne M Holden, Jacob Exler, Ronald L Horst, Craig W Byrdwell, James M Harnly, Michael F Holick, Bruce W Hollis, Linda E Lemar, Kristine Y. PattersonAbstract:Abstract As part of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), food composition data for vitamin D in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference are being updated and expanded, focusing on high priority foods and validated analytical methodology. A lack of certified reference materials and analytical methods validated for these key foods required the development of five matrix-specific control composite materials (CC) (canned salmon and vitamin D3 fortified cereal, orange juice, milk, and cheese). Each of six experienced laboratories (research and commercial) analyzed vitamin D3 in five subsamples of each CC in five separate analytical batches, with one subsample of each material in each run. Research laboratories performed recovery studies, mass spectrometric analysis, and other studies to validate quantitation in each matrix. Initial results showed a wide disparity between the six laboratories (RSDs of 26–46%). Extensive collaboration resolved several problems related to calibration standards, extraction solvents and the internal standard, achieving final values with RSDs of approximately 10%, validated by mass spectrometry tests that confirmed lack of matrix interferences in these foods.
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Quality-control materials in the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP)
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Katherine M. Phillips, Joanne M Holden, Kristine Y. Patterson, Amy S. Rasor, Jacob Exler, David B. Haytowitz, Pamela R. PehrssonAbstract:The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) develops and maintains the USDA National Nutrient Databank System (NDBS). Data are released from the NDBS for scientific and public use through the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) ( http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl ). In 1997 the NDL initiated the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to update and expand its food-composition data. The program included: 1) nationwide probability-based sampling of foods; 2) central processing and archiving of food samples; 3) analysis of food components at commercial, government, and university laboratories; 4) incorporation of new analytical data into the NDBS; and 5) dissemination of these data to the scientific community. A key feature and strength of the NFNAP was a rigorous quality-control program that enabled independent verification of the accuracy and precision of analytical results. Custom-made food-control composites and/or commercially available certified reference materials were sent to the laboratories, blinded, with the samples. Data for these materials were essential to ongoing monitoring of analytical work, to identify and resolve suspected analytical problems, to ensure the accuracy and precision of results for the NFNAP food samples.
