The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James F Walgenbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life stage toxicity and residual activity of insecticides to codling Moth and Oriental Fruit Moth lepidoptera tortricidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Leonardo C Magalhaes, James F WalgenbachAbstract:ABSTRACT The codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), are two key pests of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) in North Carolina. Growers extensively relied on organophosphate insecticides, primarily azinphosmethyl, for >40 yr to manage these pests. Because of organophosphate resistance development and regulatory actions, growers are transitioning to management programs that use new, reduced-risk, and OP-replacement insecticides. This study evaluated the toxicity of a diversity of replacement insecticides to eggs, larvae, and adults, as well as an assessment of their residual activity, to codling Moth and Oriental Fruit Moth. Laboratory-susceptible strains of both species were used for all bioassays. Fresh field-harvested apples were used as a media for assessing the ovicidal activity of insecticides. For larval studies, insecticides were topically applied to the surface of lima bean-based diet, onto which neonates were placed. Toxicity was based on two measures ...
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monitoring the Oriental Fruit Moth with pheromone and bait traps in apple orchards under different management regimes
International Journal of Pest Management, 2005Co-Authors: Orkun Baris Kovanci, James F WalgenbachAbstract:A completely randomized experimental design was used to evaluate the performance of pheromone and terpinyl acetate bait traps in the monitoring of Oriental Fruit Moth in apple orchards under different management regimes. Pheromone traps detected three peaks in male Moth catches corresponding to the first, second, and overlapping third plus fourth generation adults, respectively. However, two separate peaks of overlapping generations were evident in bait traps owing to their ability to catch both sexes, predominantly mated females. Trap catches and Fruit damage were significantly reduced both in mating disruption blocks with an early insecticide application and insecticide treatments alone, compared with abandoned blocks. Cumulative Moth catch in pheromone traps during late-season flight was a better predictor of Fruit damage than catch in bait traps.
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comparison of mating disruption with pesticides for management of Oriental Fruit Moth lepidoptera tortricidae in north carolina apple orchards
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Orkun Baris Kovanci, James F Walgenbach, Coby Schal, George G KennedyAbstract:The efficacy of mating disruption by using Isomate-M 100 pheromone dispensers and two formulations of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone for management of Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), was compared with conventional insecticides in large plot studies in Henderson County, North Carolina, in 2000 and 2001. In addition, experiments were conducted in small and large plots to test the response of Oriental Fruit Moth males to different application rates of sprayable pheromone. Pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced in mating disruption blocks compared with conventional and abandoned orchards. Pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy captured significantly more Moths than traps placed in the lower canopy across all treatments, and lures loaded with 100 μg of pheromone caught more Moths than traps with 300 μg, but the difference between doses was statistically significant at only one location in 2001. Isomate-M 100 provided excellent trap shutdown and was significantly more effective than sprayable pheromone formulations. Fruit damage by Oriental Fruit Moth larvae was very low (≤1%) in mating disruption blocks and was generally lower than in conventional and nonmanaged blocks. Based on male Moth response to pheromone traps in small plots, there was little difference among doses of sprayable pheromone, ranging from 12.4 to 49.1 g (AI)/ha, but efficacy declined at 2.4 g (AI)/ha. With the exception of one orchard, there was no significant difference between 12.4 and 37.1 g (AI)/ha under low and high Oriental Fruit Moth population pressure in large plot studies. Mating disruption proved to be an alternative to organophosphate insecticides for managing Oriental Fruit Moth populations in North Carolina apple orchards.
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assessment of sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on Oriental Fruit Moth lepidoptera tortricidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: Daniel M Borchert, James F Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:Abstract Sublethal effects of the insect growth regulator methoxyfenozide were examined in Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in laboratory and field studies. In laboratory studies, Oriental Fruit Moth larvae reared on diet amended with 0.1 ppm methoxyfenozide developed at the same rate as larvae reared on untreated diet, and paired Moths reared as larvae from the same treated or untreated diets exhibited similar fecundity and fertility. Population growth differences over multiple generations were used to examine sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on population dynamics in the field. Multiple single-tree cages were placed over apple (Malus spp.) trees treated with two applications of methoxyfenozide (70 g [AI]/ha) and nontreated trees. Cages were infested at a single time point with virgin male and female Oriental Fruit Moth adults, and population growth was evaluated by egg counts, shoot infestation, Fruit damage, and larval counts over a 12-wk period. Significantly fewer eggs, larvae, an...
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evaluation of extended season mating disruption of the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta busck lep tortricidae in apples
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: Orkun Baris Kovanci, James F Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:: Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lep., Tortricidae) has recently become a key pest of apples throughout the eastern USA. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption of Oriental Fruit Moth was successfully used in North Carolina apple orchards in the past few years. However, low levels of late-season Fruit damage occurred in some orchards treated in late May with hand-applied pheromone dispensers because of inadequate dispenser longevity. To investigate alternative pheromone application schedules for extended mating disruption control, the following pheromone treatments were compared with conventional insecticides in Henderson County (NC) in 2002: late May application of hand-applied dispensers; late June application of hand-applied dispensers; late May application of hand-applied dispensers supplemented with a late August application of sprayable pheromone dispensers; late May application of hand-applied dispensers which have a longer activity period; and conventional insecticides as a control. All treatments were sprayed with an insecticide at petal fall in late April for thinning and for control of the first generation Oriental Fruit Moth adults. Pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced in all mating disruption blocks compared with conventional insecticide blocks. Among pheromone treatments, the highest trap captures were recorded in the delayed hand-applied dispenser treatment in June before treatment. However, the mean percentage Fruit damage did not vary with timing of application of hand-applied dispensers and the type of pheromone dispenser used. Clearly, the combination of each mating disruption treatment with insecticide application against first generation Oriental Fruit Moth was as effective as the conventional insecticide treatment under moderate population pressure.
Junxiang Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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binding properties of general odorant binding proteins from the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta busck lepidoptera tortricidae
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Guangwei Li, Xiulin Chen, Boliao Li, Guohui Zhang, Yiping Li, Junxiang WuAbstract:Background The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta is a host-switching pest species. The adults highly depend on olfactory cues in locating optimal host plants and oviposition sites. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to be responsible for recognizing and transporting hydrophobic odorants across the aqueous sensillum lymph to stimulate the odorant receptors (ORs) within the antennal sensilla and activate the olfactory signal transduction pathway. Exploring the physiological function of these OBPs could facilitate understanding insect chemical communications.
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development and fecundity performance of Oriental Fruit Moth lepidoptera tortricidae reared on shoots and Fruits of peach and pear in different seasons
Environmental Entomology, 2015Co-Authors: Juan Du, Guangwei Li, Xiangli Xu, Junxiang WuAbstract:ABSTRACT The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a globally important insect pest. In some parts of its geographic range, the Oriental Fruit Moth shifts its attack from peach orchards to pear orchards late in the growing season. The phenological effects of host plants on the performance of the Moth were evaluated by examining the development and fecundity of the Moth reared on peach (Prunus persica variety “Shahong”) and pear (Pyrus bretshneideri variety “Dangshan Su”) collected at various times of the growing season under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the Moth developed faster on shoots and Fruits of peach than on those of pear. The preimaginal survival rate was the highest on peach shoots, and the Moth could not survive on pear Fruit collected on May 10. For both peach and pear, the boring rates of neonatal larvae were significantly higher on shoots than on Fruits, and the pupal mass of females was significantly higher on Fruits than on shoots. The boring rate increased with p...
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identification of putative olfactory genes from the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta via an antennal transcriptome analysis
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Guangwei Li, Juan Du, Yiping Li, Junxiang WuAbstract:Background The Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta, is an extremely important oligophagous pest species of stone and pome Fruits throughout the world. As a host-switching species, adult Moths, especially females, depend on olfactory cues to a large extent in locating host plants, finding mates, and selecting oviposition sites. The identification of olfactory genes can facilitate investigation on mechanisms for chemical communications. Methodology/Principal Finding We generated transcriptome of female antennae of G.molesta using the next-generation sequencing technique, and assembled transcripts from RNA-seq reads using Trinity, SOAPdenovo-trans and Abyss-trans assemblers. We identified 124 putative olfactory genes. Among the identified olfactory genes, 118 were novel to this species, including 28 transcripts encoding for odorant binding proteins, 17 chemosensory proteins, 48 odorant receptors, four gustatory receptors, 24 ionotropic receptors, two sensory neuron membrane proteins, and one odor degrading enzyme. The identified genes were further confirmed through semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR for transcripts coding for 26 OBPs and 17 CSPs. OBP transcripts showed an obvious antenna bias, whereas CSP transcripts were detected in different tissues. Conclusion Antennal transcriptome data derived from the Oriental Fruit Moth constituted an abundant molecular resource for the identification of genes potentially involved in the olfaction process of the species. This study provides a foundation for future research on the molecules involved in olfactory recognition of this insect pest, and in particular, the feasibility of using semiochemicals to control this pest.
Silvia Dorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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worldwide population genetic structure of the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta a globally invasive pest
BMC Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Heather Kirk, Silvia Dorn, Dominique MazziAbstract:Background Invasive pest species have large impacts on agricultural crop yields, and understanding their population dynamics is important for ensuring food security. The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta is a cosmopolitan pest of stone and pome Fruit species including peach and apple, and historical records indicate that it has invaded North and South America, Europe, Australia and Africa from its putative native range in Asia over the past century.
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larval performance of the Oriental Fruit Moth across Fruits from primary and secondary hosts
Physiological Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Adriana J Najarrodriguez, Nathalie Bellutti, Silvia DornAbstract:A common characteristic of many invasive herbivorous insects is their ability to utilize a broad range of host plants. By using various hosts in phenological succession, multivoltine herbivores may increase the number of successful annual generations, at the same time as potentially increasing their overall fitness. To achieve such success, herbivores must be able to develop efficiently on the nutritional resources offered by their hosts. The Oriental Fruit Moth Cydia (=Grapholita) molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most damaging invasive insect species. Peach (Prunus persica) is its primary host, whereas the pome Fruits apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis) are considered as secondary hosts. In many parts of its geographical range, including southern Europe, populations of the Moth switch from peach to apple or pear orchards during the growing season. The present study tests whether this temporal switch is supported by the physiological capability of the larvae with respect to developing efficiently on Fruits of these taxonomically- related host plants. Larvae are reared on peach, apple or pear Fruits; several life- history traits are measured; and correlations between the traits are calculated. The results obtained show that larvae do not have the same physiological capability with respect to using apple or pear Fruits as hosts compared with using peach Fruit. Pear Fruit in particular is a sub-optimal diet. These findings suggest that, in the case of continuous geographical expansion, concomitantly with global warming, apple orchards might support Oriental Fruit Moth populations better than pear orchards, and that the switch onto novel hosts might be accompanied by restricted population growth.
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structured populations of the Oriental Fruit Moth in an agricultural ecosystem
Molecular Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Marco V G Torriani, Dominique Mazzi, Silke Hein, Silvia DornAbstract:Abstract Intercontinental trade has led to multiple introductions of invasive pest species at aglobal scale. Molecular analyses of the structure of populations support the under-standing of ecological strategies and evolutionary patterns that promote successfulbiological invasions. The Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita (=Cydia) molesta,isacosmopolitan and economically destructive pest of stone and pome Fruits, expandingits distribution range concomitantly with global climate warming. We used ten newlydeveloped polymorphic microsatellite markers to examine the genetic structure ofG. molesta populations in an agricultural ecosystem in the Emilia-Romagna region ofnorthern Italy. Larvae collected in eight sampling sites were assigned to a mosaic of fivepopulations with significant intra-regional structure. Inferred measures of gene flowwithin populations implicated both active dispersal, and passive dispersal associatedwith accidental anthropogenic displacements. Small effective population sizes, coupledwith high inbreeding levels, highlighted the effect of orchard management practices onthe observed patterns of genetic variation within the sampling sites. Isolation bydistance did not appear to play a major role at the spatial scale considered. Our resultsprovide new insights into the population genetics and dynamics of an invasive pestspecies at a regional scale.Keywords: genetic structure, Grapholita (=Cydia) molesta, invasive species, microsatellite, OrientalFruit Moth, pest managementReceived 28 January 2010; revision accepted 26 April 2010
Dominique Mazzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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worldwide population genetic structure of the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta a globally invasive pest
BMC Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Heather Kirk, Silvia Dorn, Dominique MazziAbstract:Background Invasive pest species have large impacts on agricultural crop yields, and understanding their population dynamics is important for ensuring food security. The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta is a cosmopolitan pest of stone and pome Fruit species including peach and apple, and historical records indicate that it has invaded North and South America, Europe, Australia and Africa from its putative native range in Asia over the past century.
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structured populations of the Oriental Fruit Moth in an agricultural ecosystem
Molecular Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Marco V G Torriani, Dominique Mazzi, Silke Hein, Silvia DornAbstract:Abstract Intercontinental trade has led to multiple introductions of invasive pest species at aglobal scale. Molecular analyses of the structure of populations support the under-standing of ecological strategies and evolutionary patterns that promote successfulbiological invasions. The Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita (=Cydia) molesta,isacosmopolitan and economically destructive pest of stone and pome Fruits, expandingits distribution range concomitantly with global climate warming. We used ten newlydeveloped polymorphic microsatellite markers to examine the genetic structure ofG. molesta populations in an agricultural ecosystem in the Emilia-Romagna region ofnorthern Italy. Larvae collected in eight sampling sites were assigned to a mosaic of fivepopulations with significant intra-regional structure. Inferred measures of gene flowwithin populations implicated both active dispersal, and passive dispersal associatedwith accidental anthropogenic displacements. Small effective population sizes, coupledwith high inbreeding levels, highlighted the effect of orchard management practices onthe observed patterns of genetic variation within the sampling sites. Isolation bydistance did not appear to play a major role at the spatial scale considered. Our resultsprovide new insights into the population genetics and dynamics of an invasive pestspecies at a regional scale.Keywords: genetic structure, Grapholita (=Cydia) molesta, invasive species, microsatellite, OrientalFruit Moth, pest managementReceived 28 January 2010; revision accepted 26 April 2010
Guangwei Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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binding properties of general odorant binding proteins from the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta busck lepidoptera tortricidae
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Guangwei Li, Xiulin Chen, Boliao Li, Guohui Zhang, Yiping Li, Junxiang WuAbstract:Background The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta is a host-switching pest species. The adults highly depend on olfactory cues in locating optimal host plants and oviposition sites. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to be responsible for recognizing and transporting hydrophobic odorants across the aqueous sensillum lymph to stimulate the odorant receptors (ORs) within the antennal sensilla and activate the olfactory signal transduction pathway. Exploring the physiological function of these OBPs could facilitate understanding insect chemical communications.
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development and fecundity performance of Oriental Fruit Moth lepidoptera tortricidae reared on shoots and Fruits of peach and pear in different seasons
Environmental Entomology, 2015Co-Authors: Juan Du, Guangwei Li, Xiangli Xu, Junxiang WuAbstract:ABSTRACT The Oriental Fruit Moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a globally important insect pest. In some parts of its geographic range, the Oriental Fruit Moth shifts its attack from peach orchards to pear orchards late in the growing season. The phenological effects of host plants on the performance of the Moth were evaluated by examining the development and fecundity of the Moth reared on peach (Prunus persica variety “Shahong”) and pear (Pyrus bretshneideri variety “Dangshan Su”) collected at various times of the growing season under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the Moth developed faster on shoots and Fruits of peach than on those of pear. The preimaginal survival rate was the highest on peach shoots, and the Moth could not survive on pear Fruit collected on May 10. For both peach and pear, the boring rates of neonatal larvae were significantly higher on shoots than on Fruits, and the pupal mass of females was significantly higher on Fruits than on shoots. The boring rate increased with p...
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identification of putative olfactory genes from the Oriental Fruit Moth grapholita molesta via an antennal transcriptome analysis
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Guangwei Li, Juan Du, Yiping Li, Junxiang WuAbstract:Background The Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta, is an extremely important oligophagous pest species of stone and pome Fruits throughout the world. As a host-switching species, adult Moths, especially females, depend on olfactory cues to a large extent in locating host plants, finding mates, and selecting oviposition sites. The identification of olfactory genes can facilitate investigation on mechanisms for chemical communications. Methodology/Principal Finding We generated transcriptome of female antennae of G.molesta using the next-generation sequencing technique, and assembled transcripts from RNA-seq reads using Trinity, SOAPdenovo-trans and Abyss-trans assemblers. We identified 124 putative olfactory genes. Among the identified olfactory genes, 118 were novel to this species, including 28 transcripts encoding for odorant binding proteins, 17 chemosensory proteins, 48 odorant receptors, four gustatory receptors, 24 ionotropic receptors, two sensory neuron membrane proteins, and one odor degrading enzyme. The identified genes were further confirmed through semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR for transcripts coding for 26 OBPs and 17 CSPs. OBP transcripts showed an obvious antenna bias, whereas CSP transcripts were detected in different tissues. Conclusion Antennal transcriptome data derived from the Oriental Fruit Moth constituted an abundant molecular resource for the identification of genes potentially involved in the olfaction process of the species. This study provides a foundation for future research on the molecules involved in olfactory recognition of this insect pest, and in particular, the feasibility of using semiochemicals to control this pest.