The Experts below are selected from a list of 129 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

David G James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • USING SYNTHETIC HERBIVOR-INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES TO ENHANCE CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN HOPS AND GRAPES
    2016
    Co-Authors: David G James, Ra C. Castle, Tessa Grasswitz, Victor Reyna
    Abstract:

    The potential of using synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) as a cultural tool to enhance conservation biological control of insects and mites is being researched in hops and grapes in Washington State. Results to date indicate that a number of natural enemy species in the families, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Miridae, Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae and Mymaridae, are attracted to sticky traps baited with aqueous methyl salicylate (MeSA), hexenyl acetate, farnesene or octyl aldehyde. Hop yards and grape blocks baited with controlled release sachet (CRS) dispensers of MeSA recruit larger populations of some insect predators (e.g., Stethorus punctum picipes Casey (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) than unbaited blocks, resulting in some instances, in improved biological control of spider mites and aphids. CRS dispensers of methyl salicylate, methyl jasmonate and hexenyl acetate increased populations of two parasitic wasp genera (Anagrus, Metaphycus) in grapes, possibly by ‘signalling ’ to the plants to produce HIPVs. The use of synthetic HIPVs/plant-signalling compounds as ‘Herbivore-Induced Plant Pro-tection Odors ’ (HIPPOs) has the potential to provide a novel yet practical strategy for im-proving the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in a variety of agricul-tural ecosystems

  • James et al. ___________________________________________________________________________________ USING SYNTHETIC HERBIVOR-INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES TO ENHANCE CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN HOPS AND GRAPES
    2012
    Co-Authors: David G James, Ra C. Castle, Tessa Grasswitz, Victor Reyna
    Abstract:

    The potential of using synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) as a cultural tool to enhance conservation biological control of insects and mites is being researched in hops and grapes in Washington State. Results to date indicate that a number of natural enemy species in the families, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Miridae, Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae and Mymaridae, are attracted to sticky traps baited with aqueous methyl salicylate (MeSA), hexenyl acetate, farnesene or octyl aldehyde. Hop yards and grape blocks baited with controlled release sachet (CRS) dispensers of MeSA recruit larger populations of some insect predators (e.g., Stethorus punctum picipes Casey (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) than unbaited blocks, resulting in some instances, in improved biological control of spider mites and aphids. CRS dispensers of methyl salicylate, methyl jasmonate and hexenyl acetate increased populations of two parasitic wasp genera (Anagrus, Metaphycus) in grapes, possibly by ‘signalling ’ to the plants to produce HIPVs. The use of synthetic HIPVs/plant-signalling compounds as ‘Herbivore-Induced Plant Protection Odors ’ (HIPPOs) has the potential to provide a novel yet practical strategy for improving the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in a variety of agricultural ecosystems

  • further field evaluation of synthetic herbivore induced plant volatiles as attractants for beneficial insects
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005
    Co-Authors: David G James
    Abstract:

    Fifteen synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) were field-tested for attractivity to beneficial insects in two experiments conducted in an open field and a hop yard in Washington State. Eleven insect species or families showed significant attraction to 13 HIPVs. The ladybeetle, Stethorus punctum picipes, was attracted to sticky traps baited with methyl salicylate (MeSA), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (He), and benzaldehyde (Be). The minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor, was attracted to traps baited with MeSA, He, Be, and octyl aldehyde (Oa), and the bigeyed bug, Geocoris pallens, responded to MeSA, indole, and trans-2-hexen-1-al. The mymarid wasp, Anagrus daanei, was attracted to He, Oa, and farnesene. The chloropid fly, Thaumatomyia glabra, was highly attracted to methyl anthranilate. Insect families responding to HIPVs included Syrphidae (MeSA, He), Braconidae ((Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, He, cis-jasmone (J), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), methyl anthranilate (MeA)), Empididae (MeSA), Sarcophagidae (MeSA, Be, J, nonanal and geraniol), Tachinidae (Be), and Agromyzidae (MeSA). Micro-Hymenoptera (primarily parasitic wasp families) were attracted to MeSA, He, and indole. These results are discussed with respect to known properties and bioactivity of the tested HIPVs and to their potential as tools for recruiting natural enemies into agroecosystems.

  • field testing of methyl salicylate for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004
    Co-Authors: David G James, Tanya S Price
    Abstract:

    Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management.

  • effect of buprofezin on survival of immature stages of harmonia axyridis stethorus punctum picipes coleoptera coccinellidae Orius tristicolor hemiptera anthocoridae and geocoris spp hemiptera geocoridae
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004
    Co-Authors: David G James
    Abstract:

    The effect of buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on development and survival of immature stages of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Stethorus punctum picipes Casey, Orius tristicolor (White), Geocoris pallens Stal, and Geocoris punctipes (Say), was examined in a series of laboratory bioassays. Very few H. axyridis larvae (3.1%) treated with buprofezin reached adulthood, although 65% of treated pupae emerged successfully. Buprofezin caused no mortality to eggs of S. punctum picipes but 71.1% of treated early instar larvae failed to complete development. Eighty percent of treated late instars and 92.3% of pupae produced viable adults. Early instar nymphs of O. tristicolor were unaffected by buprofezin, whereas 47.7 and 85% of G. punctipes and G. pallens nymphs, respectively, failed to complete development. Treated eggs of G. pallens hatched successfully. The use of buprofezin in integrated pest management in Washington state wine grapes is discussed.

César Basso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preference of Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for Host Plants in Olfactometry and Free-Choice Experiments
    Florida Entomologist, 2021
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a key pest of sweet pepper cultivation, where it causes feeding damage, excretes phytotoxic substances, and transmits important viruses. Control with chemical insecticides often is ineffective because endophytic oviposition and the cryptic habits of the pest provide protection. In Uruguay, the biological control program of this pest in sweet pepper crops is at risk due to the low settlement rate and high dispersal of releases of predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Previous studies have ruled out an antibiosis effect as the cause of dispersal; therefore, we hypothesized antixenosis (non-preference) for the sweet pepper plants as the cause of poor biological control by O. insidiosus. The effect of olfactory stimuli from different structures of strawberry, corn, and sweet pepper plants (lamuyo and blocky type) on the behavior of O. insidiosus was evaluated in olfactometry and free-choice cage experiments. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) occurs naturally in the area, it was included also in the study with the aim of assessing whether there are differences in behavior between the species. Orius tristicolor may act as a complementary biocontrol agent or competitor on sweet pepper. Y-tube experiments showed no preference for plant volatiles in any combination, and response to volatile stimuli generally was poor. However, in the free-choice cage experiment, females of both species of Orius preferred the flowering strawberry plants over the flowering sweet pepper plants, which could explain the low establishment of O. insidiosus when released on pepper with neighboring strawberry fields. Given that horticultural greenhouses in Uruguay and in many other countries are open, this information can be very useful in designing the spatial and temporal management of different crops on a production field, which enhances the effectiveness of these predatory species. Resumen El trips occidental de las flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), es una plaga clave para el cultivo de pimiento dulce, donde causa danos al alimentarse, excreta sustancias fitotoxicas y transmite importantes virus. El control con insecticidas quimicos no resulta efectivo, debido que la oviposicion endofitica y los habitos cripticos le brindan proteccion. En Uruguay, el programa de control biologico de esta plaga en el cultivo de pimiento dulce esta en riesgo debido a la baja tasa de establecimiento y la alta dispersion de las liberaciones del depredador Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Estudios previos permiten descartar un efecto de antibiosis como causa de la dispersion, por lo cual se planteo como hipotesis la existencia de antixenosis o no preferencia por la planta de pimiento dulce como la causa de un control biologico deficiente por parte de O. insidiosus. Se evaluo el efecto de estimulos olfativos provenientes de diferentes estructuras de plantas de frutilla, maiz y pimiento dulce (tipo lamuyo y california) sobre el comportamiento de O. insidiosus en experimentos de olfatometria, y de libre eleccion en microparcela. Dado que Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) tambien esta presente en el area, se incluyo en el estudio con el objetivo de evaluar si existen diferencias en el comportamiento entre ambas especies. Orius tristicolor podria actuar como un agente controlador complementario o competidor en pimiento dulce. Los experimentos con tubo en Y no mostraron preferencia por los compuestos volatiles de las plantas en ninguna combinacion, y la respuesta a los estimulos volatiles en general fue pobre. Sin embargo, en el experimento de libre eleccion en microparcela, las hembras de ambas especies de Orius prefirieron las plantas con flores de frutilla sobre las plantas con flores de pimiento dulce, lo que podria explicar el bajo establecimiento de O. insidiosus cuando se libera en pimiento dulce con los campos de frutilla cercanos. Dado que los invernaderos horticolas en Uruguay y en muchos otros paises estan abiertos, esta informacion puede ser muy util para disenar el manejo espacial y temporal de diferentes cultivos en un campo de produccion, lo que mejora la efectividad de estas especies depredadoras. Key Words: thrips; antixenosis; plant volatile; sweet pepper; strawberry View this article in BioOne

  • effect of two oviposition feeding substrates on Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor hemiptera anthocoridae
    Florida Entomologist, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most significant pests of commercial vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops worldwide, causing both direct and indirect damage. Chemical control is the most common methodology for dealing with F. occidentalis, but this pest lays its eggs inside plant tissues, and adults and larvae feed in concealed locations, which can make chemical control of this pest difficult. As an alternative to chemical control, research attention has been focused on biological control through inoculative augmentation using anthocorid flower bugs of the genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Although Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an effective predator used worldwide for suppressing populations of western flower thrips, its use on pepper crops in Uruguay (Salto) has not achieved favorable results to date. Taking into account that O. insidiosus can supplement its diet by feeding on pollen and plant tissues, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of pepper fruits compared to bean pods, a vegetable substrate widely used for multiplying this predator, on the duration of the embryonic and nymph developmental stages, survival, fertility, and longevity of this species. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is present also in the horticultural region of Salto, this species was incorporated into the study in order to evaluate if significant differences exist between these 2 species. When biological parameters were measured, pepper fruits proved to be a more appropriate substrate than bean for the 2 Orius species studied. We reject the hypothesis that an antibiosis effect would explain the difficulties for the establishment of O. insidiosus in the greenhouses of Salto. These results show the need to examine other factors contributing to low establishment of these predatory bugs in greenhouses in Uruguay.     Resumen El trips occidental de las flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), es una de las plagas mas importantes de hortalizas comerciales, frutas y cultivos ornamentales en todo el mundo, causando dano tanto directo como indirecto. El control quimico es la metodologia mas comun para el control de F. occidentalis, pero esta plaga pone sus huevos dentro de los tejidos vegetales y los adultos y las larvas se alimentan en lugares ocultos, lo que puede dificultar el control quimico de esta plaga. Como una alternativa al control quimico, mucha de la atencion de la investigacion se ha enfocado en el control biologico a traves del aumento inoculativo usando insectos antocoridos del genero Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Aunque Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) es un depredador eficaz utilizado en todo el mundo para suprimir poblaciones de trips occidental de las flores, su uso en cultivos de pimiento en Uruguay (Salto) no ha dado buenos resultados hasta la fecha. Teniendo en cuenta que O. insidiosus puede complementar su dieta alimentandose de polen y de tejidos vegetales, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de los frutos de pimiento, en comparacion con las vainas de frijol (un sustrato vegetal ampliamente utilizado para multiplicar este depredador), en la duracion de las etapas de desarrollo embrionario y ninfal, supervivencia, fertilidad y longevidad de esta especie. Como Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) esta presente tambien en la region horticola de Salto, esta especie se incorporo al estudio para evaluar si existian diferencias significativas entre estas dos especies. Cuando se midieron los parametros biologicos, los frutos de pimiento probaron ser un sustrato mas apropiado para las dos especies de Orius estudiadas que las vainas de frijol. Rechazamos la hipotesis de que un efecto de antibiosis explicaria las dificultades para el establecimiento de O. insidiosus en los invernaderos de Salto. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de examinar otros factores que contribuyen al bajo establecimiento de estos insectos depredadores dentro de los invernaderos en Uruguay. Key Words: biological control; omnivory; plant-feeding predators; pepper; Frankliniella occidentalis; oviposition substrates View this article in BioOne https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0216

  • Effect of Two Oviposition Feeding Substrates on Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
    Florida Entomologist, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most significant pests of commercial vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops worldwide, causing both direct and indirect damage. Chemical control is the most common methodology for dealing with F. occidentalis, but this pest lays its eggs inside plant tissues, and adults and larvae feed in concealed locations, which can make chemical control of this pest difficult. As an alternative to chemical control, research attention has been focused on biological control through inoculative augmentation using anthocorid flower bugs of the genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Although Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an effective predator used worldwide for suppressing populations of western flower thrips, its use on pepper crops in Uruguay (Salto) has not achieved favorable results to date. Taking into account that O. insidiosus can supplement its diet by feeding on pollen and plant tissues, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of pepper fruits compared to bean pods, a vegetable substrate widely used for multiplying this predator, on the duration of the embryonic and nymph developmental stages, survival, fertility, and longevity of this species. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is present also in the horticultural region of Salto, this species was incorporated into the study in order to evaluate if significant differences exist between these 2 species. When biological parameters were measured, pepper fruits proved to be a more appropriate substrate than bean for the 2 Orius species studied. We reject the hypothesis that an antibiosis effect would explain the difficulties for the establishment of O. insidiosus in the greenhouses of Salto. These results show the need to examine other factors contributing to low establishment of these predatory bugs in greenhouses in Uruguay.

Tanya S Price - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • field testing of methyl salicylate for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004
    Co-Authors: David G James, Tanya S Price
    Abstract:

    Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management.

Maria E. Lorenzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preference of Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for Host Plants in Olfactometry and Free-Choice Experiments
    Florida Entomologist, 2021
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a key pest of sweet pepper cultivation, where it causes feeding damage, excretes phytotoxic substances, and transmits important viruses. Control with chemical insecticides often is ineffective because endophytic oviposition and the cryptic habits of the pest provide protection. In Uruguay, the biological control program of this pest in sweet pepper crops is at risk due to the low settlement rate and high dispersal of releases of predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Previous studies have ruled out an antibiosis effect as the cause of dispersal; therefore, we hypothesized antixenosis (non-preference) for the sweet pepper plants as the cause of poor biological control by O. insidiosus. The effect of olfactory stimuli from different structures of strawberry, corn, and sweet pepper plants (lamuyo and blocky type) on the behavior of O. insidiosus was evaluated in olfactometry and free-choice cage experiments. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) occurs naturally in the area, it was included also in the study with the aim of assessing whether there are differences in behavior between the species. Orius tristicolor may act as a complementary biocontrol agent or competitor on sweet pepper. Y-tube experiments showed no preference for plant volatiles in any combination, and response to volatile stimuli generally was poor. However, in the free-choice cage experiment, females of both species of Orius preferred the flowering strawberry plants over the flowering sweet pepper plants, which could explain the low establishment of O. insidiosus when released on pepper with neighboring strawberry fields. Given that horticultural greenhouses in Uruguay and in many other countries are open, this information can be very useful in designing the spatial and temporal management of different crops on a production field, which enhances the effectiveness of these predatory species. Resumen El trips occidental de las flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), es una plaga clave para el cultivo de pimiento dulce, donde causa danos al alimentarse, excreta sustancias fitotoxicas y transmite importantes virus. El control con insecticidas quimicos no resulta efectivo, debido que la oviposicion endofitica y los habitos cripticos le brindan proteccion. En Uruguay, el programa de control biologico de esta plaga en el cultivo de pimiento dulce esta en riesgo debido a la baja tasa de establecimiento y la alta dispersion de las liberaciones del depredador Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Estudios previos permiten descartar un efecto de antibiosis como causa de la dispersion, por lo cual se planteo como hipotesis la existencia de antixenosis o no preferencia por la planta de pimiento dulce como la causa de un control biologico deficiente por parte de O. insidiosus. Se evaluo el efecto de estimulos olfativos provenientes de diferentes estructuras de plantas de frutilla, maiz y pimiento dulce (tipo lamuyo y california) sobre el comportamiento de O. insidiosus en experimentos de olfatometria, y de libre eleccion en microparcela. Dado que Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) tambien esta presente en el area, se incluyo en el estudio con el objetivo de evaluar si existen diferencias en el comportamiento entre ambas especies. Orius tristicolor podria actuar como un agente controlador complementario o competidor en pimiento dulce. Los experimentos con tubo en Y no mostraron preferencia por los compuestos volatiles de las plantas en ninguna combinacion, y la respuesta a los estimulos volatiles en general fue pobre. Sin embargo, en el experimento de libre eleccion en microparcela, las hembras de ambas especies de Orius prefirieron las plantas con flores de frutilla sobre las plantas con flores de pimiento dulce, lo que podria explicar el bajo establecimiento de O. insidiosus cuando se libera en pimiento dulce con los campos de frutilla cercanos. Dado que los invernaderos horticolas en Uruguay y en muchos otros paises estan abiertos, esta informacion puede ser muy util para disenar el manejo espacial y temporal de diferentes cultivos en un campo de produccion, lo que mejora la efectividad de estas especies depredadoras. Key Words: thrips; antixenosis; plant volatile; sweet pepper; strawberry View this article in BioOne

  • effect of two oviposition feeding substrates on Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor hemiptera anthocoridae
    Florida Entomologist, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most significant pests of commercial vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops worldwide, causing both direct and indirect damage. Chemical control is the most common methodology for dealing with F. occidentalis, but this pest lays its eggs inside plant tissues, and adults and larvae feed in concealed locations, which can make chemical control of this pest difficult. As an alternative to chemical control, research attention has been focused on biological control through inoculative augmentation using anthocorid flower bugs of the genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Although Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an effective predator used worldwide for suppressing populations of western flower thrips, its use on pepper crops in Uruguay (Salto) has not achieved favorable results to date. Taking into account that O. insidiosus can supplement its diet by feeding on pollen and plant tissues, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of pepper fruits compared to bean pods, a vegetable substrate widely used for multiplying this predator, on the duration of the embryonic and nymph developmental stages, survival, fertility, and longevity of this species. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is present also in the horticultural region of Salto, this species was incorporated into the study in order to evaluate if significant differences exist between these 2 species. When biological parameters were measured, pepper fruits proved to be a more appropriate substrate than bean for the 2 Orius species studied. We reject the hypothesis that an antibiosis effect would explain the difficulties for the establishment of O. insidiosus in the greenhouses of Salto. These results show the need to examine other factors contributing to low establishment of these predatory bugs in greenhouses in Uruguay.     Resumen El trips occidental de las flores, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), es una de las plagas mas importantes de hortalizas comerciales, frutas y cultivos ornamentales en todo el mundo, causando dano tanto directo como indirecto. El control quimico es la metodologia mas comun para el control de F. occidentalis, pero esta plaga pone sus huevos dentro de los tejidos vegetales y los adultos y las larvas se alimentan en lugares ocultos, lo que puede dificultar el control quimico de esta plaga. Como una alternativa al control quimico, mucha de la atencion de la investigacion se ha enfocado en el control biologico a traves del aumento inoculativo usando insectos antocoridos del genero Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Aunque Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) es un depredador eficaz utilizado en todo el mundo para suprimir poblaciones de trips occidental de las flores, su uso en cultivos de pimiento en Uruguay (Salto) no ha dado buenos resultados hasta la fecha. Teniendo en cuenta que O. insidiosus puede complementar su dieta alimentandose de polen y de tejidos vegetales, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de los frutos de pimiento, en comparacion con las vainas de frijol (un sustrato vegetal ampliamente utilizado para multiplicar este depredador), en la duracion de las etapas de desarrollo embrionario y ninfal, supervivencia, fertilidad y longevidad de esta especie. Como Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) esta presente tambien en la region horticola de Salto, esta especie se incorporo al estudio para evaluar si existian diferencias significativas entre estas dos especies. Cuando se midieron los parametros biologicos, los frutos de pimiento probaron ser un sustrato mas apropiado para las dos especies de Orius estudiadas que las vainas de frijol. Rechazamos la hipotesis de que un efecto de antibiosis explicaria las dificultades para el establecimiento de O. insidiosus en los invernaderos de Salto. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de examinar otros factores que contribuyen al bajo establecimiento de estos insectos depredadores dentro de los invernaderos en Uruguay. Key Words: biological control; omnivory; plant-feeding predators; pepper; Frankliniella occidentalis; oviposition substrates View this article in BioOne https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0216

  • Effect of Two Oviposition Feeding Substrates on Orius insidiosus and Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)
    Florida Entomologist, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria E. Lorenzo, Leticia Bao, Luciana Mendez, G. Grille, Olivier Bonato, César Basso
    Abstract:

    Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most significant pests of commercial vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops worldwide, causing both direct and indirect damage. Chemical control is the most common methodology for dealing with F. occidentalis, but this pest lays its eggs inside plant tissues, and adults and larvae feed in concealed locations, which can make chemical control of this pest difficult. As an alternative to chemical control, research attention has been focused on biological control through inoculative augmentation using anthocorid flower bugs of the genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Although Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an effective predator used worldwide for suppressing populations of western flower thrips, its use on pepper crops in Uruguay (Salto) has not achieved favorable results to date. Taking into account that O. insidiosus can supplement its diet by feeding on pollen and plant tissues, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of pepper fruits compared to bean pods, a vegetable substrate widely used for multiplying this predator, on the duration of the embryonic and nymph developmental stages, survival, fertility, and longevity of this species. Since Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is present also in the horticultural region of Salto, this species was incorporated into the study in order to evaluate if significant differences exist between these 2 species. When biological parameters were measured, pepper fruits proved to be a more appropriate substrate than bean for the 2 Orius species studied. We reject the hypothesis that an antibiosis effect would explain the difficulties for the establishment of O. insidiosus in the greenhouses of Salto. These results show the need to examine other factors contributing to low establishment of these predatory bugs in greenhouses in Uruguay.

Scott A. Machtley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dynamics of Predation on Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Alfalfa Trap-Cropped Organic Strawberry.
    Journal of insect science (Online), 2018
    Co-Authors: James R. Hagler, Scott A. Machtley, Diego J. Nieto, Brian N. Hogg, Sean L. Swezey
    Abstract:

    Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) can be strategically planted as a trap crop for Lygus spp. in California's organic strawberry fields. Alfalfa has been shown to attract both Lygus spp. and, in turn, a Lygus-specific parasitoid, Peristenus relictus (Ruthe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). However, the impact of alfalfa trap-cropped strawberries on the Lygus spp. predator complex is unknown. Here we identify key predators of Lygus spp. found in organic strawberry. First, a general survey was conducted at an organic, non-trap cropped strawberry farm, to quantify predator abundance and to qualitatively assess their feeding activity on Lygus spp. We identified the 11 most abundant predator taxa present and, by using a Lygus-specific PCR assay, determined that about 18% of the insects and spiders contained Lygus spp. remains in their guts. We then conducted a study to examine alfalfa's role in conserving the most relevant predators in trap-cropped organic strawberries. Specifically, we quantified predator abundance and qualitatively measured predator feeding activity (by gut analysis) on Lygus spp. collected in strawberry plots either lacking or containing an alfalfa trap crop. Data revealed that some predator taxa, including the numerically dominant predator, Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), aggregated in alfalfa trap crops. The gut content analyses revealed that insect and spider predators collected from the alfalfa trap crop had a significantly higher proportion of their population containing Lygus spp. remains than those collected from nearby rows of strawberries. These results suggest that alfalfa trap cropping might be a useful tactic for conserving the biological control services of generalist predators in organically grown strawberries in California.

  • Foraging behavior and prey interactions by a guild of predators on various lifestages of Bemisia tabaci
    Oxford University Press, 2004
    Co-Authors: J. R. Hagler, C. G. Jackson, Rufus Isaacs, Scott A. Machtley
    Abstract:

    The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is fed on by a wide variety of generalist predators, but there is little information on these predator-prey interactions. A laboratory investigation was conducted to quantify the foraging behavior of the adults of five common whitefly predators presented with a surfeit of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults. The beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Collops vittatus (Say) fed mostly on whitefly eggs, but readily and rapidly preyed on all of the whitefly lifestages. The true bugs, Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius tristicolor (Say) preyed almost exclusively on adult whiteflies, while Lygus hesperus Knight preyed almost exclusively on nymphs. The true bugs had much longer prey handling times than the beetles and spent much more of their time feeding (35-42%) than the beetles (6-7%). These results indicate that generalist predators vary significantly in their interaction with this host, and that foraging behavior should be considered during development of a predator-based biological control program for B. tabaci

  • Foraging Behavior and Prey Interactions by a Guild of Predators on Various Lifestages of
    2004
    Co-Authors: Bemisia Tabaci, J. R. Hagler, C. G. Jackson, Rufus Isaacs, Scott A. Machtley
    Abstract:

    The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is fed on by a wide variety of generalist predators, but there is little information on these predator-prey interactions. A laboratory investigation was conducted to quantify the foraging behavior of the adults of five common whitefly predators presented with a surfeit of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults. The beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Collops vittatus (Say) fed mostly on whitefly eggs, but readily and rapidly preyed on all of the whitefly lifestages. The true bugs, Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius tristicolor (Say) preyed almost exclusively on adult whiteflies, while Lygus hesperus Knight preyed almost exclusively on nymphs. The true bugs had much longer prey handling times than the beetles and spent much more of their time feeding (35-42%) than the beetles (6-7%). These results indicate that generalist predators vary significantly in their interaction with this host, and that foraging behavior should be considered during development of a predator-based biological control program for B. tabaci