The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paolo Piaggi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impaired metabolic flexibility to high fat Overfeeding predicts future weight gain in healthy adults
Diabetes, 2020Co-Authors: Brittany Begaye, Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Karyne L. Vinales, Mary Walter, Clifton BogardusAbstract:The ability to switch fuels for oxidation in response to changes in macronutrient composition of diet (metabolic flexibility) may be informative of individuals' susceptibility to weight gain. Seventy-nine healthy, weight-stable participants underwent 24-h assessments of energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) in a whole-room calorimeter during energy balance (EBL) (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat) and then during 24-h fasting and three 200% Overfeeding diets in a crossover design. Metabolic flexibility was defined as the change in 24-h RQ from EBL during fasting and standard Overfeeding (STOF) (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat), high-fat Overfeeding (HFOF) (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate), and high-carbohydrate Overfeeding (HCOF) (75% carbohydrate, 5% fat) diets. Free-living weight change was assessed after 6 and 12 months. Compared with EBL, RQ decreased on average by 9% during fasting and by 4% during HFOF but increased by 4% during STOF and by 8% during HCOF. A smaller decrease in RQ, reflecting a smaller increase in lipid oxidation rate, during HFOF but not during the other diets predicted greater weight gain at both 6 and 12 months. An impaired metabolic flexibility to acute HFOF can identify individuals prone to weight gain, indicating that an individual's capacity to oxidize dietary fat is a metabolic determinant of weight change.
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metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low protein Overfeeding in lean men further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Alessio Basolo, Jonathan Krakoff, Susanne B Votruba, Paolo PiaggiAbstract:BACKGROUND Greater increase in 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) during Overfeeding and smaller decrease in 24EE during fasting ("spendthrift" metabolic phenotype) are associated with more weight loss during sustained caloric restriction in overweight subjects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether these acute metabolic responses can also predict weight gain during sustained Overfeeding in lean individuals. METHODS Seven lean men participated in this study. Prior to Overfeeding, 24EE responses to fasting and 200% normal-protein Overfeeding were measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Volunteers underwent 6 wk of 150% low-protein (2%) Overfeeding followed by another wk of weight-maintaining diet, during which 24EE was revaluated. Body composition, 24EE, and various hormone concentrations, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), were assessed at baseline, at wk 1, 3, and 6 of the Overfeeding period, and 1 wk following Overfeeding through the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, and ELISA. Cumulative energy surplus was calculated from 24EE, daily physical activity, and direct measurements of calories of nutrient intake, feces, and urine by bomb calorimetry. RESULTS The average weight gain during 6 wk of low-protein Overfeeding was 3.8 kg (6.1%, min: +2.5%, max: +8.0%). During 24-h fasting at baseline, 24EE decreased on average (mean ± SD) by 158 ± 81 kcal/d (P = 0.007). Subjects with less 24EE decrease during fasting (more metabolically spendthrift individuals) gained less weight (r = -0.84, P = 0.03), less fat mass (r = -0.81, P = 0.049), and stored less calories (r = -0.91, P = 0.03) during Overfeeding. Following Overfeeding, increased 24EE above requirements for achieved body size was associated with less weight and fat mass gain (r = -0.78, P = 0.04) and with the increase in 24EE during 200% normal-protein Overfeeding measured at baseline (r = 0.91, P = 0.005). Serum FGF21 concentrations increased up to 44-fold during Overfeeding (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Low-protein Overfeeding may be an important tool to identify metabolic phenotypes (spendthrift compared with thrifty) that characterize susceptibility to weight gain. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00687115.
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metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low protein Overfeeding further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes
2018Co-Authors: Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Alessio Basolo, Jonathan Krakoff, Susanne B Votruba, Paolo PiaggiAbstract:Greater increase in 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) during Overfeeding and smaller decrease in 24EE during fasting (“spendthrift” metabolic phenotype) are associated with more weight loss during sustained caloric restriction in obese subjects. It is unknown whether these metabolic characteristics can also defend weight gain during sustained Overfeeding. We conducted the first proof-of-concept study in lean individuals to show that, after 6 weeks of 150% low-protein Overfeeding, metabolically spendthrift subjects gained less weight, less fat mass and stored less calories. Those individuals who gained less weight had a greater relative 24EE increase following Overfeeding. Fibroblast-growth-factor 21, a marker for metabolic spendthriftness, increased dramatically during low-protein Overfeeding. These results confirm the existence of thrifty and spendthrift metabolic phenotypes and demonstrate that another mechanism by which spendthrift individuals may be less susceptible to weight gain is the ability to increase EE above that predicted for achieved body size, a process called “metabolic adaptation”.
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The Consistency in Macronutrient Oxidation and the Role for Epinephrine in the Response to Fasting and Overfeeding.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Karyne L. Vinales, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Mathias Schlögl, Maximilian G. Hohenadel, Alexis Graham, Susan Bonfiglio, Marie S. ThearleAbstract:Context:In humans, dietary versus intra-individual determinants of macronutrient oxidation preference and the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during short-term Overfeeding and fasting are unclear.Objective:To understand the influence of diet and the SNS during 24-h of Overfeeding on metabolic changes.Design, Setting, Participants and Interventions:While residing on a clinical research unit, 64 participants with normal glucose regulation were assessed during energy balance, fasting, and four 24-h Overfeeding diets, given in random order. The Overfeeding diets contained 200% of energy requirements and varied macronutrient proportions: 1) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 30% fat), 2) 75% carbohydrate, 3) 60% fat, and 4) 3% protein.Main outcome measures:24-hour energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured in an indirect calorimeter during the dietary interventions, with concomitant measurement of urinary catecholamines and free cortisol.Results:EE decreased ...
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Energy expenditure responses to fasting and Overfeeding identify phenotypes associated with weight change
Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Mathias Schlögl, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Susan Bonfiglio, Nicola Pannacciuli, Marie S. ThearleAbstract:Because it is unknown whether 24-h energy expenditure (EE) responses to dietary extremes will identify phenotypes associated with weight regulation, the aim of this study was to determine whether such responses to fasting or Overfeeding are associated with future weight change. The 24-h EE during energy balance, fasting, and four different Overfeeding diets with 200% energy requirements was measured in a metabolic chamber in 37 subjects with normal glucose regulation while they resided on our clinical research unit. Diets were given for 24 h each and included the following: 1) low protein (3%), 2) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein), 3) high fat (60%), and 4) high carbohydrate (75%). Participants returned for follow-up 6 months after the initial measures. The decrease in 24-h EE during fasting and the increase with Overfeeding were correlated. A larger reduction in EE during fasting, a smaller EE response to low-protein Overfeeding, and a larger response to high-carbohydrate Overfeeding all correlated with weight gain. The association of the fasting EE response with weight change was not independent from that of low protein in a multivariate model. We identified the following two independent propensities associated with weight gain: a predilection for conserving energy during caloric and protein deprivation and a profligate response to large amounts of carbohydrates.
Claude Bouchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The biology of human Overfeeding: A systematic review
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2020Co-Authors: George A. Bray, Claude BouchardAbstract:This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of Overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding produced weight gain in adolescents, adult men and women and in older men. In longer term studies, there was a clear and highly significant relationship between energy ingested and weight gain and fat storage with limited individual differences. There is some evidence for a contribution of a genetic component to this response variability. The response to Overfeeding was affected by the baseline state of the groups being compared: those with insulin resistance versus insulin sensitivity; those prone to obesity versus those resistant to obesity; and those with metabolically abnormal obesity versus those with metabolically normal obesity. Dietary components, such as total fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate influenced the patterns of adipose tissue distribution as did the history of low or normal birth weight. Overfeeding affected the endocrine system with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine frequently present. Growth hormone, in contrast, was rapidly suppressed. Changes in plasma lipids were influenced by diet, exercise and the magnitude of weight gain. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are substantially altered by chronic Overfeeding.
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Adiponectin concentration and insulin indicators following Overfeeding in identical twins
Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, Jean-pierre Després, Margarita Teran-garcia, Claude BouchardAbstract:Low adiponectin levels have been associated with high body mass index, low insulin sensitivity, and diabetes. Objective: To assess the relationships between changes in serum adiponectin concentration and adiposity, glucose, and insulin in response to long-term Overfeeding in identical twins and to calculate the twin resemblance in serum adiponectin concentrations. Subjects and design: Twenty-four sedentary young men [mean (±SD) age, 21±2 yr] who constituted 12 pairs of healthy identical twins were studied for metabolic and adiponectin changes in response to Overfeeding. Intervention: Subjects were overfed by 84,000 kcal over a 100-day period. Outcome measures: The Overfeeding study provides an opportunity to examine the relationships between adiponectin and changes in body weight, adiposity, plasma glucose and insulin. Results: Serum adiponectin concentration correlated positively with body weight (r= 0.41, p=0.05) at baseline but not with indicators of adiposity or with visceral fat. No relationship existed between baseline adiponectin concentration and body weight or adiposity gains with Overfeeding. However, serum adiponectin decreased significantly by −2.35±0.48 μg/ml (p=0.001) in response to Overfeeding. Baseline adiponectin levels correlated negatively with changes in plasma fasting glucose levels (r=−0.53, p=0.01) and homeostasis model assessment index (r=−0.41, p=0.05), independently of fat mass. The intrapair coefficient for twin resemblance (r=0.75, p=0.001) strongly suggests that baseline serum adiponectin concentration is a familial trait. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that adiponectin concentration is a familial trait in normal-weight individuals, that it decreases when challenged by positive energy balance, and that its Overfeeding-induced variations are correlated with glucose and insulin levels.
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effects of cholesterol ester transfer protein cetp gene on adiposity in response to long term Overfeeding
Atherosclerosis, 2008Co-Authors: Margarita Terangarcia, Angelo Tremblay, Jean-pierre Després, Claude BouchardAbstract:Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in remodeling triglyceride-rich particles and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). We investigated CETP sequence variants in response to long-term Overfeeding (100 days) in 12 pairs of male monozygotic twins (mean age+/-S.D.: 21+/-2 years). Body fat mass (FM), abdominal subcutaneous (ASF) and visceral fat (AVF), and plasma lipoproteins were determined. The CETP variants C>T/In9 (rs289714) and G>A/Ex14 (rs5882, or I405V) were investigated by RFLP-PCR methodologies. Before Overfeeding, the CETP CC/In9 (n=18) genotype was associated with lower FM compared to the C>T/In9 heterozygotes. Overfeeding induced more FM and ASF accretion in C>T/In9 carriers (P
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Two variants in the resistin gene and the response to long-term Overfeeding.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, Y. Antero Kesäniemi, Claude BouchardAbstract:Objective and subjects: To investigate the role of resistin gene variants on the adiposity and metabolic changes observed in response to a 100-day Overfeeding protocol conducted with 12 pairs of monozygotic twins. Measurements: Body-fat measurements included hydrodensitometry and abdominal fat from computed tomography. Plasma glucose and insulin during fasting and in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assayed. A 4.2 MJ test meal was consumed, after which calorimetric measurements were performed for 240 min. Results: Respiratory quotient (RQ) decreased (P=0.001) more in AA/AG than in GG subjects of the IVS2+181G>A polymorphism after the caloric surplus and the significance persisted when correction for multiple testing was performed. Total abdominal (P=0.027) and visceral (P=0.004) fat increased more in TC than in TT subjects of the IVS2 + 39C > T polymorphism. In response to Overfeeding, glucose area under the curve during the OGTT showed a slight decrease (P=0.031) in the TC while it increased in TT subjects. OGTT insulin area tended to increase less (P=0.055) in TC than in TT subjects. After Overfeeding, fasting insulin was lower in TC than in TT subjects (P=0.010). In addition, TC subjects experienced more decrease in RQ than TT subjects (P=0.034). Conclusion: The IVS2 + 181 G > A variant was associated with the changes in RQ in response to Overfeeding. The IVS2 + 39C > T polymorphism was associated with Overfeeding-induced changes in abdominal visceral fat, OGTT glucose area and RQ. The results suggest that sequence variation in the resistin gene is involved in the adaptation to chronic positive energy balance.
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Genetic variation at the uncoupling protein 1, 2 and 3 loci and the response to long-term Overfeeding.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, G. Sun, Yvon C. Chagnon, Claude BouchardAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the effects of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, UCP2 and UCP3 gene variants on body composition and metabolic changes in response to chronic Overfeeding and the recovery after the period of Overfeeding. Subjects and design: Twenty-four normal weight men (21±2 y), who constituted 12 pairs of identical twins, ate a 4.2 MJ/day energy surplus, 6 days a week, during a period of 100 days. The subjects were asked to return to the laboratory for testing at 4 months and for a final examination 5 y after completion of the Overfeeding protocol. Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements were performed before and after Overfeeding. A 4.2 MJ test meal was consumed, after which calorimetric measurements were continued for 240 min. Total body fat was assessed by hydrodensitometry and total subcutaneous fat by the sum of eight skinfolds. Polymorphisms were typed by PCR and PCR-RFLP-techniques. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations after a thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) injection were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: The changes in body weight and adiposity were not different between UCP1 Bcl I, UCP2 alanine to valine (A55V), UCP2 insertion/deletion (I/D) or UCP3 Rsa I genotypes. However, the recovery from Overfeeding was worse among G-allele carriers of the UCP1 Bcl I, I allele non-carriers of the UCP2 I/D, AV heterozygote subjects of the UCP2 A55V and CC subjects of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphisms. RMR was lower both before (P=0.01) and after (P=0.001) Overfeeding in subjects with the CC genotype of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphism. Moreover, after Overfeeding, the UCP2 A55V heterozygote and UCP3 Rsa I CC homozygote subjects had significantly higher respiratory quotient (RQ) values at rest (P
Jonathan Krakoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impaired metabolic flexibility to high fat Overfeeding predicts future weight gain in healthy adults
Diabetes, 2020Co-Authors: Brittany Begaye, Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Karyne L. Vinales, Mary Walter, Clifton BogardusAbstract:The ability to switch fuels for oxidation in response to changes in macronutrient composition of diet (metabolic flexibility) may be informative of individuals' susceptibility to weight gain. Seventy-nine healthy, weight-stable participants underwent 24-h assessments of energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) in a whole-room calorimeter during energy balance (EBL) (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat) and then during 24-h fasting and three 200% Overfeeding diets in a crossover design. Metabolic flexibility was defined as the change in 24-h RQ from EBL during fasting and standard Overfeeding (STOF) (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat), high-fat Overfeeding (HFOF) (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate), and high-carbohydrate Overfeeding (HCOF) (75% carbohydrate, 5% fat) diets. Free-living weight change was assessed after 6 and 12 months. Compared with EBL, RQ decreased on average by 9% during fasting and by 4% during HFOF but increased by 4% during STOF and by 8% during HCOF. A smaller decrease in RQ, reflecting a smaller increase in lipid oxidation rate, during HFOF but not during the other diets predicted greater weight gain at both 6 and 12 months. An impaired metabolic flexibility to acute HFOF can identify individuals prone to weight gain, indicating that an individual's capacity to oxidize dietary fat is a metabolic determinant of weight change.
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metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low protein Overfeeding in lean men further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Alessio Basolo, Jonathan Krakoff, Susanne B Votruba, Paolo PiaggiAbstract:BACKGROUND Greater increase in 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) during Overfeeding and smaller decrease in 24EE during fasting ("spendthrift" metabolic phenotype) are associated with more weight loss during sustained caloric restriction in overweight subjects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether these acute metabolic responses can also predict weight gain during sustained Overfeeding in lean individuals. METHODS Seven lean men participated in this study. Prior to Overfeeding, 24EE responses to fasting and 200% normal-protein Overfeeding were measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Volunteers underwent 6 wk of 150% low-protein (2%) Overfeeding followed by another wk of weight-maintaining diet, during which 24EE was revaluated. Body composition, 24EE, and various hormone concentrations, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), were assessed at baseline, at wk 1, 3, and 6 of the Overfeeding period, and 1 wk following Overfeeding through the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, and ELISA. Cumulative energy surplus was calculated from 24EE, daily physical activity, and direct measurements of calories of nutrient intake, feces, and urine by bomb calorimetry. RESULTS The average weight gain during 6 wk of low-protein Overfeeding was 3.8 kg (6.1%, min: +2.5%, max: +8.0%). During 24-h fasting at baseline, 24EE decreased on average (mean ± SD) by 158 ± 81 kcal/d (P = 0.007). Subjects with less 24EE decrease during fasting (more metabolically spendthrift individuals) gained less weight (r = -0.84, P = 0.03), less fat mass (r = -0.81, P = 0.049), and stored less calories (r = -0.91, P = 0.03) during Overfeeding. Following Overfeeding, increased 24EE above requirements for achieved body size was associated with less weight and fat mass gain (r = -0.78, P = 0.04) and with the increase in 24EE during 200% normal-protein Overfeeding measured at baseline (r = 0.91, P = 0.005). Serum FGF21 concentrations increased up to 44-fold during Overfeeding (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Low-protein Overfeeding may be an important tool to identify metabolic phenotypes (spendthrift compared with thrifty) that characterize susceptibility to weight gain. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00687115.
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metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low protein Overfeeding further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes
2018Co-Authors: Tim Hollstein, Takafumi Ando, Alessio Basolo, Jonathan Krakoff, Susanne B Votruba, Paolo PiaggiAbstract:Greater increase in 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) during Overfeeding and smaller decrease in 24EE during fasting (“spendthrift” metabolic phenotype) are associated with more weight loss during sustained caloric restriction in obese subjects. It is unknown whether these metabolic characteristics can also defend weight gain during sustained Overfeeding. We conducted the first proof-of-concept study in lean individuals to show that, after 6 weeks of 150% low-protein Overfeeding, metabolically spendthrift subjects gained less weight, less fat mass and stored less calories. Those individuals who gained less weight had a greater relative 24EE increase following Overfeeding. Fibroblast-growth-factor 21, a marker for metabolic spendthriftness, increased dramatically during low-protein Overfeeding. These results confirm the existence of thrifty and spendthrift metabolic phenotypes and demonstrate that another mechanism by which spendthrift individuals may be less susceptible to weight gain is the ability to increase EE above that predicted for achieved body size, a process called “metabolic adaptation”.
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The Consistency in Macronutrient Oxidation and the Role for Epinephrine in the Response to Fasting and Overfeeding.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Karyne L. Vinales, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Mathias Schlögl, Maximilian G. Hohenadel, Alexis Graham, Susan Bonfiglio, Marie S. ThearleAbstract:Context:In humans, dietary versus intra-individual determinants of macronutrient oxidation preference and the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during short-term Overfeeding and fasting are unclear.Objective:To understand the influence of diet and the SNS during 24-h of Overfeeding on metabolic changes.Design, Setting, Participants and Interventions:While residing on a clinical research unit, 64 participants with normal glucose regulation were assessed during energy balance, fasting, and four 24-h Overfeeding diets, given in random order. The Overfeeding diets contained 200% of energy requirements and varied macronutrient proportions: 1) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 30% fat), 2) 75% carbohydrate, 3) 60% fat, and 4) 3% protein.Main outcome measures:24-hour energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured in an indirect calorimeter during the dietary interventions, with concomitant measurement of urinary catecholamines and free cortisol.Results:EE decreased ...
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Energy expenditure responses to fasting and Overfeeding identify phenotypes associated with weight change
Diabetes, 2015Co-Authors: Mathias Schlögl, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi, Susan Bonfiglio, Nicola Pannacciuli, Marie S. ThearleAbstract:Because it is unknown whether 24-h energy expenditure (EE) responses to dietary extremes will identify phenotypes associated with weight regulation, the aim of this study was to determine whether such responses to fasting or Overfeeding are associated with future weight change. The 24-h EE during energy balance, fasting, and four different Overfeeding diets with 200% energy requirements was measured in a metabolic chamber in 37 subjects with normal glucose regulation while they resided on our clinical research unit. Diets were given for 24 h each and included the following: 1) low protein (3%), 2) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein), 3) high fat (60%), and 4) high carbohydrate (75%). Participants returned for follow-up 6 months after the initial measures. The decrease in 24-h EE during fasting and the increase with Overfeeding were correlated. A larger reduction in EE during fasting, a smaller EE response to low-protein Overfeeding, and a larger response to high-carbohydrate Overfeeding all correlated with weight gain. The association of the fasting EE response with weight change was not independent from that of low protein in a multivariate model. We identified the following two independent propensities associated with weight gain: a predilection for conserving energy during caloric and protein deprivation and a profligate response to large amounts of carbohydrates.
Angelo Tremblay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adiponectin concentration and insulin indicators following Overfeeding in identical twins
Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, Jean-pierre Després, Margarita Teran-garcia, Claude BouchardAbstract:Low adiponectin levels have been associated with high body mass index, low insulin sensitivity, and diabetes. Objective: To assess the relationships between changes in serum adiponectin concentration and adiposity, glucose, and insulin in response to long-term Overfeeding in identical twins and to calculate the twin resemblance in serum adiponectin concentrations. Subjects and design: Twenty-four sedentary young men [mean (±SD) age, 21±2 yr] who constituted 12 pairs of healthy identical twins were studied for metabolic and adiponectin changes in response to Overfeeding. Intervention: Subjects were overfed by 84,000 kcal over a 100-day period. Outcome measures: The Overfeeding study provides an opportunity to examine the relationships between adiponectin and changes in body weight, adiposity, plasma glucose and insulin. Results: Serum adiponectin concentration correlated positively with body weight (r= 0.41, p=0.05) at baseline but not with indicators of adiposity or with visceral fat. No relationship existed between baseline adiponectin concentration and body weight or adiposity gains with Overfeeding. However, serum adiponectin decreased significantly by −2.35±0.48 μg/ml (p=0.001) in response to Overfeeding. Baseline adiponectin levels correlated negatively with changes in plasma fasting glucose levels (r=−0.53, p=0.01) and homeostasis model assessment index (r=−0.41, p=0.05), independently of fat mass. The intrapair coefficient for twin resemblance (r=0.75, p=0.001) strongly suggests that baseline serum adiponectin concentration is a familial trait. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that adiponectin concentration is a familial trait in normal-weight individuals, that it decreases when challenged by positive energy balance, and that its Overfeeding-induced variations are correlated with glucose and insulin levels.
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effects of cholesterol ester transfer protein cetp gene on adiposity in response to long term Overfeeding
Atherosclerosis, 2008Co-Authors: Margarita Terangarcia, Angelo Tremblay, Jean-pierre Després, Claude BouchardAbstract:Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in remodeling triglyceride-rich particles and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). We investigated CETP sequence variants in response to long-term Overfeeding (100 days) in 12 pairs of male monozygotic twins (mean age+/-S.D.: 21+/-2 years). Body fat mass (FM), abdominal subcutaneous (ASF) and visceral fat (AVF), and plasma lipoproteins were determined. The CETP variants C>T/In9 (rs289714) and G>A/Ex14 (rs5882, or I405V) were investigated by RFLP-PCR methodologies. Before Overfeeding, the CETP CC/In9 (n=18) genotype was associated with lower FM compared to the C>T/In9 heterozygotes. Overfeeding induced more FM and ASF accretion in C>T/In9 carriers (P
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Two variants in the resistin gene and the response to long-term Overfeeding.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, Y. Antero Kesäniemi, Claude BouchardAbstract:Objective and subjects: To investigate the role of resistin gene variants on the adiposity and metabolic changes observed in response to a 100-day Overfeeding protocol conducted with 12 pairs of monozygotic twins. Measurements: Body-fat measurements included hydrodensitometry and abdominal fat from computed tomography. Plasma glucose and insulin during fasting and in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assayed. A 4.2 MJ test meal was consumed, after which calorimetric measurements were performed for 240 min. Results: Respiratory quotient (RQ) decreased (P=0.001) more in AA/AG than in GG subjects of the IVS2+181G>A polymorphism after the caloric surplus and the significance persisted when correction for multiple testing was performed. Total abdominal (P=0.027) and visceral (P=0.004) fat increased more in TC than in TT subjects of the IVS2 + 39C > T polymorphism. In response to Overfeeding, glucose area under the curve during the OGTT showed a slight decrease (P=0.031) in the TC while it increased in TT subjects. OGTT insulin area tended to increase less (P=0.055) in TC than in TT subjects. After Overfeeding, fasting insulin was lower in TC than in TT subjects (P=0.010). In addition, TC subjects experienced more decrease in RQ than TT subjects (P=0.034). Conclusion: The IVS2 + 181 G > A variant was associated with the changes in RQ in response to Overfeeding. The IVS2 + 39C > T polymorphism was associated with Overfeeding-induced changes in abdominal visceral fat, OGTT glucose area and RQ. The results suggest that sequence variation in the resistin gene is involved in the adaptation to chronic positive energy balance.
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Genetic variation at the uncoupling protein 1, 2 and 3 loci and the response to long-term Overfeeding.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Olavi Ukkola, Angelo Tremblay, G. Sun, Yvon C. Chagnon, Claude BouchardAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the effects of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, UCP2 and UCP3 gene variants on body composition and metabolic changes in response to chronic Overfeeding and the recovery after the period of Overfeeding. Subjects and design: Twenty-four normal weight men (21±2 y), who constituted 12 pairs of identical twins, ate a 4.2 MJ/day energy surplus, 6 days a week, during a period of 100 days. The subjects were asked to return to the laboratory for testing at 4 months and for a final examination 5 y after completion of the Overfeeding protocol. Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements were performed before and after Overfeeding. A 4.2 MJ test meal was consumed, after which calorimetric measurements were continued for 240 min. Total body fat was assessed by hydrodensitometry and total subcutaneous fat by the sum of eight skinfolds. Polymorphisms were typed by PCR and PCR-RFLP-techniques. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations after a thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) injection were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: The changes in body weight and adiposity were not different between UCP1 Bcl I, UCP2 alanine to valine (A55V), UCP2 insertion/deletion (I/D) or UCP3 Rsa I genotypes. However, the recovery from Overfeeding was worse among G-allele carriers of the UCP1 Bcl I, I allele non-carriers of the UCP2 I/D, AV heterozygote subjects of the UCP2 A55V and CC subjects of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphisms. RMR was lower both before (P=0.01) and after (P=0.001) Overfeeding in subjects with the CC genotype of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphism. Moreover, after Overfeeding, the UCP2 A55V heterozygote and UCP3 Rsa I CC homozygote subjects had significantly higher respiratory quotient (RQ) values at rest (P
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Hyperinsulinemia and regulation of energy balance
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995Co-Authors: Angelo Tremblay, André Nadeau, Jean-pierre Després, Céline BouchardAbstract:: Recent data suggest that hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia may favor the restoration of energy balance when one gains body weight. To test the validity of this concept in humans, the data of 24 young men who had been exposed to a 353-MJ Overfeeding protocol for 100 d and who were remeasured after a 4-mo follow-up were analyzed. The sample was subdivided in two groups on the basis of the Overfeeding-induced change in postprandial plasma insulin. The increase in postprandial energy expenditure induced by Overfeeding was significantly greater in high than in low postprandial insulin responders (P < 0.05) but not after body fat gain was controlled for. After the Overfeeding protocol, the loss of subcutaneous adiposity was greater in high than in low postprandial insulin responders. However, this difference was no more significant after the gain in fat mass was controlled for. There was no difference between the two groups in post-Overfeeding loss of body weight, fat mass, or fat-free mass. These results partly agree with the idea that hyperinsulinemia resulting from a long-term positive energy balance and its associated fat gain exert a regulatory role promoting the restoration of energy balance.
Daniel H. Bessesen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of short-term Overfeeding on ad libitum energy intake in thin and reduced-obese women and men
Appetite, 2007Co-Authors: Marc-andre Cornier, S.s. Von Kaenel, Daniel H. BessesenAbstract:Individuals who appear to be resistant to weight gain in an obesigenic environment may sense positive energy balance more appropriately, influencing subsequent intake. We studied 28 thin (15 women, 13 men) and 15 reduced-obese (RO: 10 women, 5 men) individuals twice in a randomized crossover manner. Each study period included 3 days of run-in eucaloric diet, 3 days of controlled feeding (eucaloric or 30% Overfeeding), and 3 days of ad libitum buffet style feeding. Energy intake (EI) was measured during ad libitum feeding. Measures of appetite were obtained using visual analog scales before and after each meal. Overall, ad libitum EI did not differ following eucaloric or hypercaloric feeding even in the thin cohort. When compared to their measured energy needs, subjects overconsumed in the ad libitum buffet style setting even after Overfeeding. This effect was driven by men (both thin and RO) who overate following both eucaloric and Overfeeding diets. Ad libitum EI was more “appropriate” in women, and thin women tended to reduce their EI after Overfeeding. While Overfeeding resulted in significant reductions in hunger and increases in satiety in the thin but not the RO individuals, these responses did not predict subsequent EI. In summary, buffet style ad libitum feeding promotes excess EI in men even after Overfeeding and regardless of their propensity to remain thin. While women appear not to overconsume in a buffet style setting, they do not undereat in response to Overfeeding despite significant changes in appetite.
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The effects of short-term Overfeeding on insulin action in lean and reduced-obese individuals.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2006Co-Authors: Marc-andre Cornier, Bryan C. Bergman, Daniel H. BessesenAbstract:Insulin resistance is clearly associated with obesity. However, the role of excess energy intake per se as opposed to increased fat mass in the development of insulin resistance has not been clearly defined. It may be that the nutrient load provided by short-term Overfeeding is sufficient to induce measurable changes in insulin action in skeletal muscle and the liver. We examined the effects of 3 days of Overfeeding on insulin action and glucose kinetics in 13 lean (body mass index, 20.9 +/- 2.4 kg/m(2); 6 men, 7 women) and 9 reduced-obese (RO) (body mass index, 29.1 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2); 4 men, 5 women) individuals. A two-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study (5 and 40 mU m(-2) min(-1)) with a primed, constant infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose was performed after 3 days of a weight-maintenance diet and again after 3 days of Overfeeding by 50% (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 20% protein). At baseline, lean individuals were more insulin sensitive, as measured by glucose infusion rate, than RO individuals (12.08 +/- 0.8 vs 7.62 +/- 1.0 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .01) with lean women being more insulin sensitive than lean men (P < .01). Overfeeding resulted in a reduction in glucose infusion rate in lean women (13.37 +/- 1.3 to 11.42 +/- 1.0 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .05), but no change was noted in lean men or RO individuals. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal remained unchanged with Overfeeding in all groups. Low-dose insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production was impaired after Overfeeding in lean women (euenergetic, 1.92 +/- 0.36 to 0.36 +/- 0.16 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1); Overfeeding: 2.13 +/- 0.17 to 0.86 +/- 0.12 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = .04) but remained unchanged in the other groups. These findings demonstrate that insulin action is reduced in lean, obese-resistant women after short-term Overfeeding primarily because of an inhibition of insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production, whereas short-term Overfeeding does not appear to effect insulin action in lean men and RO individuals. This response may be indirectly involved in the ability of lean women to maintain weight in the face of an obesigenic environment.
