The Experts below are selected from a list of 171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carolyn Copper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Overlearning on retention.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: James E. Driskell, Ruth P. Willis, Carolyn CopperAbstract:The effectiveness of Overlearning in enhancing performance has been acknowledged by researchers within the training community for years. In spite of this general consensus, the empirical basis for this claim is often not clear. This article presents a meta-analysis of the effects of Overlearning on retention. Results indicate that Overlearning produces a significant effect on retention of moderate overall magnitude and that the effect of Overlearning on retention is moderated by the degree of Overlearning, type of task, and length of retention period
Rhonda B. Friedman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural Mechanisms Underlying Learning Following Semantic Mediation Treatment in a Case of Phonologic Alexia
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Jacquie Kurland, Carlos R. Cortes, Marko Wilke, Anne J. Sperling, Susan N. Lott, Malle A. Tagamets, John Vanmeter, Rhonda B. FriedmanAbstract:Patients with phonologic alexia can be trained to read semantically impoverished words (e.g., functors) by pairing them with phonologically-related semantically rich words (e.g, nouns). What mechanisms underlie success in this cognitive re-training approach? Does the mechanism change if the skill is “overlearned”, i.e., practiced beyond criterion? We utilized fMRI pre- and post-treatment, and after Overlearning, to assess treatment-related functional reorganization in a patient with phonologic alexia, 2 years post left temporoparietal stroke. Pre-treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in activation profiles across the sets of words. Post-treatment, accuracy on the two trained sets improved. Compared with untrained words, reading trained words recruited larger and more significant clusters of activation in the right hemisphere, including right inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex. Post-Overlearning, with near normal performance on overlearned words, predominant activation shifted to left hemisphere regions, including perilesional activation in superior parietal lobe, when reading overlearned vs. untrained words.
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Functional reorganization supporting learning and maintenance in a case of phonologic alexia
Brain and Language, 2007Co-Authors: J. Kurland, Anne J. Sperling, C. Cortes, Susan Nitzberg Lott, Elizabeth H. Lacey, L. Orchinik, John W. Vanmeter, Rhonda B. FriedmanAbstract:There were no statistically significant di!erences in accuracy between the sets of to-be-trained (13% correct) or untrained (10%) words at T1/ pre-treatment. McNemar tests between trained/overlearned words and untrained words were statistically significant (p < .001) at T2/post-treatment (54% vs. 19%); T3/post-Overlearning (89% vs. 9%); and T4/maintenance (83% vs. 14%). There were no statistically significant di!erences in BOLD signal between to-be-trained and untrained words pre-treatment. Post-treatment, in contrasting trained vs. untrained words, three clusters of activation were centered in left and right inferior frontal cortex and in the left lingual gyrus (cluster FWE-corrected p < .05), with the greatest spatial extent and degree of activation in the cluster centered in right homologous Broca’s area (BA45). Post-Overlearning, greater activation was observed in left hemisphere structures, including perilesional activation in left (L) superior and inferior parietal cortex and precuneus, and L middle and anterior
James E. Driskell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Overlearning on retention.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: James E. Driskell, Ruth P. Willis, Carolyn CopperAbstract:The effectiveness of Overlearning in enhancing performance has been acknowledged by researchers within the training community for years. In spite of this general consensus, the empirical basis for this claim is often not clear. This article presents a meta-analysis of the effects of Overlearning on retention. Results indicate that Overlearning produces a significant effect on retention of moderate overall magnitude and that the effect of Overlearning on retention is moderated by the degree of Overlearning, type of task, and length of retention period
Ralf G.m. Schlösser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intensive practice of a cognitive task is associated with enhanced functional integration in schizophrenia.
Psychological medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Ralf G.m. Schlösser, Kathrin Koch, Gerd Wagner, Claudia Schachtzabel, Carl Christoph Schultz, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, M. Röbel, Heinrich SauerAbstract:Background There is increasing evidence that the frequently reported working memory impairments in schizophrenia might be partly due to an alteration in the functional connectivity between task-relevant areas. However, little is known about the functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia patients during learning processes. In a previous study, Koch et al . [ Neuroscience ( 2007 ) 146 , 1474–1483] have demonstrated stronger exponential activation decreases in schizophrenia patients during Overlearning of short-term memory material. The question arises whether these differential temporal patterns of activation in schizophrenia patients and controls are going along with changes in task-related functional connectivity. Method Therefore, in the current study, 13 patients with schizophrenia and 13 controls were studied while performing a short-term memory task associated with increasing Overlearning of verbal stimulus material. Functional connectivity was investigated by analyses of psychophysiological interactions (PPI). Results Results revealed significant task-related modulation of functional connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a network including the right DLPFC, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, right inferior parietal cortex, left and right cerebellum as well as the left occipital lobe in patients during the course of Overlearning and practice. No significant PPI results were detectable in controls. Conclusions Activation changes with practice were associated with high functional connectivity between task-relevant areas in schizophrenia patients. This could be interpreted as a compensatory resource allocation and network integration in the context of cortical inefficiency and may be a specific neurophysiological signature underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Temporal modeling demonstrates preserved Overlearning processes in schizophrenia: An fMRI study
Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Koch, Gerd Wagner, Igor Nenadic, Claudia Schachtzabel, Martin Roebel, Carl Christoph Schultz, Martina Axer, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, Heinrich Sauer, Ralf G.m. SchlösserAbstract:Abstract Working memory (WM) deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. However, it has not been examined whether these deficits are related to altered temporal dynamics of information acquisition and changes in executive cognitive control. Therefore, the present study intended to quantify and model the dynamic process of information acquisition during continuous Overlearning of WM information. It also aimed at investigating the relation between Overlearning-associated change in behavioral performance and brain activity. Thirteen schizophrenic patients and 13 healthy volunteers were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a recently developed Overlearning paradigm [Koch K, Wagner G, von Consbruch K, Nenadic I, Schultz C, Ehle C, Reichenbach J, Sauer H, Schlosser R (2006) Temporal changes in neural activation during practice of information retrieval from short-term memory: An fMRI study. Brain Res 1107:140–150]. Consistent with the earlier study, short-term learning of stimulus material was associated with significant performance improvements and exponential signal decreases in a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network both in schizophrenic patients and in healthy volunteers. Against expectation patients exhibited stronger signal decreases relative to controls in anterior cingulate (Brodmann area (BA) 32), middle and superior temporal (BA 37, BA 22), superior frontal (BA 8/9, BA 6) and posterior parietal regions (BA 40). Furthermore, the individually modeled exponential decay rate of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with exponential decrease in mean behavioral response times in healthy controls while a statistical trend emerged in patients. A relative hyperactivation in the patient group was observable only at the start of the learning process and diminished with continued Overlearning. This effect might indicate a gradual reduction of recruited neuronal resources and a practice-associated activation normalization in patients with schizophrenia. Our data suggest that in subacute patients learning and associated decreases in cerebral activation brought about by short-term practice are left unimpaired.
Heinrich Sauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intensive practice of a cognitive task is associated with enhanced functional integration in schizophrenia.
Psychological medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Ralf G.m. Schlösser, Kathrin Koch, Gerd Wagner, Claudia Schachtzabel, Carl Christoph Schultz, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, M. Röbel, Heinrich SauerAbstract:Background There is increasing evidence that the frequently reported working memory impairments in schizophrenia might be partly due to an alteration in the functional connectivity between task-relevant areas. However, little is known about the functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia patients during learning processes. In a previous study, Koch et al . [ Neuroscience ( 2007 ) 146 , 1474–1483] have demonstrated stronger exponential activation decreases in schizophrenia patients during Overlearning of short-term memory material. The question arises whether these differential temporal patterns of activation in schizophrenia patients and controls are going along with changes in task-related functional connectivity. Method Therefore, in the current study, 13 patients with schizophrenia and 13 controls were studied while performing a short-term memory task associated with increasing Overlearning of verbal stimulus material. Functional connectivity was investigated by analyses of psychophysiological interactions (PPI). Results Results revealed significant task-related modulation of functional connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a network including the right DLPFC, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, right inferior parietal cortex, left and right cerebellum as well as the left occipital lobe in patients during the course of Overlearning and practice. No significant PPI results were detectable in controls. Conclusions Activation changes with practice were associated with high functional connectivity between task-relevant areas in schizophrenia patients. This could be interpreted as a compensatory resource allocation and network integration in the context of cortical inefficiency and may be a specific neurophysiological signature underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Temporal modeling demonstrates preserved Overlearning processes in schizophrenia: An fMRI study
Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Kathrin Koch, Gerd Wagner, Igor Nenadic, Claudia Schachtzabel, Martin Roebel, Carl Christoph Schultz, Martina Axer, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, Heinrich Sauer, Ralf G.m. SchlösserAbstract:Abstract Working memory (WM) deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia. However, it has not been examined whether these deficits are related to altered temporal dynamics of information acquisition and changes in executive cognitive control. Therefore, the present study intended to quantify and model the dynamic process of information acquisition during continuous Overlearning of WM information. It also aimed at investigating the relation between Overlearning-associated change in behavioral performance and brain activity. Thirteen schizophrenic patients and 13 healthy volunteers were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a recently developed Overlearning paradigm [Koch K, Wagner G, von Consbruch K, Nenadic I, Schultz C, Ehle C, Reichenbach J, Sauer H, Schlosser R (2006) Temporal changes in neural activation during practice of information retrieval from short-term memory: An fMRI study. Brain Res 1107:140–150]. Consistent with the earlier study, short-term learning of stimulus material was associated with significant performance improvements and exponential signal decreases in a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network both in schizophrenic patients and in healthy volunteers. Against expectation patients exhibited stronger signal decreases relative to controls in anterior cingulate (Brodmann area (BA) 32), middle and superior temporal (BA 37, BA 22), superior frontal (BA 8/9, BA 6) and posterior parietal regions (BA 40). Furthermore, the individually modeled exponential decay rate of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with exponential decrease in mean behavioral response times in healthy controls while a statistical trend emerged in patients. A relative hyperactivation in the patient group was observable only at the start of the learning process and diminished with continued Overlearning. This effect might indicate a gradual reduction of recruited neuronal resources and a practice-associated activation normalization in patients with schizophrenia. Our data suggest that in subacute patients learning and associated decreases in cerebral activation brought about by short-term practice are left unimpaired.
