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Michael Rychlik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneous analysis of folic Acid and Pantothenic Acid in foods enriched with vitamins by stable isotope dilution assays
2003Co-Authors: Michael RychlikAbstract:Abstract Folic and Pantothenic Acid were quantified in multivitamin products by stable isotope dilution assays using [ 2 H 4 ] folic Acid and [ 13 C 3 , 15 N ] Pantothenic Acid as the internal standards. Detection was achieved by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry which enabled unequivocal determination of the vitamins. Due to the very simple extraction procedure, analysis of the vitamins was completed within 2 h. When analyzing multivitamin sweets, the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation was 3.2% ( n =5) and 3.1% ( n =5) for folic Acid and 4.5% ( n =5) as well as 6.5% ( n =7) for Pantothenic Acid, respectively. Along with the precision data, recovery values of 99.4% for folic Acid and 103% for Pantothenic Acid at addition levels of 6 mg/kg and 600 μg/kg, respectively, to starch products proved the accuracy of the new method. Application of the stable isotope dilution assay to fruit juices, whey products, cereals, sweets, pharmaceuticals, wheat flour and salt fortified with one or both vitamins revealed that for the majority of products the labeled Pantothenic Acid contents were exceeded by about 30%, whereas for folic Acid also significantly lower contents than the label claim were found.
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Pantothenic Acid quantification by a stable isotope dilution assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2003Co-Authors: Michael RychlikAbstract:A stable isotope dilution assay for the quantification of free and total Pantothenic Acid has been developed by using [13C3,15N]-Pantothenic Acid as the internal standard. The three-dimensional specificity of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabled unequivocal determination of the vitamin. Due to the very simple extraction and clean-up procedure, free Pantothenic Acid could be analysed within 2 h, which is much faster than by microbiological or gas chromatographic assays. For quantification of total Pantothenic Acid, the vitamin was liberated from its conjugates by an overnight incubation with pigeon liver pantetheinase and alkaline phosphatase. In analyses of corn flour, the intra-assay coefficient of variation was 8.5% (n = 5) and 15.3% (n = 4) for free and total Pantothenic Acid, respectively. When Pantothenic Acid was added to corn starch at a level of 6 mg kg−1, a recovery of 97.5% was found. Application of the stable isotope dilution assay to whole egg powder, hazel nuts and corn revealed similar data compared to those listed in nutrition data bases, whereas the content in mushrooms and porcine liver determined by the newly developed assay appeared to be lower and that of cocoa higher than reported in the literature.
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Quantification of Pantothenic Acid and Folates by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays
2002Co-Authors: Michael Rychlik, Achim FreislebenAbstract:Abstract Stable isotope dilution assays for the quantification of Pantothenic Acid and folates in foods by using four-fold labeled isotopomers of the vitamins as internal standards (IS) were developed. The use of labeled IS enabled to exactly correct losses during cleanup and derivatization. Pantothenic Acid and its labeled isotopomer were detected as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In starch a detection limit of 44 μg/kg, an intrasample relative standard deviation of 6.7% and recovery values ranging between 97.5 and 99.4% were determined. Total Pantothenic Acid contents were analyzed in rice, milk powder and apple juice after enzymatic hydrolysis of the vitamin's conjugates, free Pantothenic Acid was quantified by omitting enzyme treatment. Almost all results were found to be in good agreement with the literature data. For quantification of folates, four-fold deuterium labeled folic Acid was prepared in a first step and used as starting compound for the syntheses of tetrahydrofolate (H 4 folate), 5-methyl-H 4 folate, and 5-formyl-H 4 folate. These compounds were added as IS to food extracts in which pteroylpolyglutamates were subsequently enzy-matically deconjugated. After separation by high-performance liquid chromato-graphy, folates and their isotopomers were detected by two-dimensional mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization. The results revealed good agreement with reported contents in spinach, whereas some differences to the published data for broccoli were found.
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Quantification of free and bound Pantothenic Acid in foods and blood plasma by a stable isotope dilution assay.
2000Co-Authors: Michael RychlikAbstract:A stable isotope dilution assay for quantification of Pantothenic Acid in food and blood plasma uses a 4-fold labeled isotopomer of the vitamin as an internal standard. Pantothenic Acid and its labeled analogue were detected as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, showing a minimized spectral overlap. In starch a detection limit of 44 microg/kg, an intrasample relative standard deviation of 6.7%, and recovery values ranging between 97.5 and 99.4% were determined. Total Pantothenic Acid content was determined in rice, milk powder, apple juice, and blood plasma after enzymatic hydrolysis of the vitamin's conjugates; free Pantothenic Acid was quantified prior to enzyme treatment. Almost all results were found to be in good agreement with literature data.
Lech Wojtczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pantothenic Acid and pantothenol increase biosynthesis of glutathione by boosting cell energetics
2004Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Dorota Dymkowska, Lech WojtczakAbstract:We have previously observed (summarized in BioFactors 17 (2003) 61) that Pantothenic Acid, pantothenol and other derivatives that are precursors of CoA protect cells and whole organs against peroxidative damage by increasing the content of cell glutathione. The present investigation was aimed to elucidate the mechanism of this increase in human lymphoblastoic (Jurkat) cells. It showed that incubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol increased mainly the content of free glutathione, with little effect on protein-bound glutathione. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, prevented this increase. Increase of the content of free glutathione, as produced by Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol, was largely prevented by respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone, inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthesis oligomycin and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. These treatments also decreased the cellular content of ATP. Preincubation with Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol also increased cell respiration with pyruvate as the exogenous substrate. Although no significant increase of total cell CoA content could be found, it is concluded that the increase of the glutathione level was due to increased production of ATP that was, in turn, a result of the increased content of mitochondrial CoA.
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Pantothenic Acid protects jurkat cells against ultraviolet light induced apoptosis
2001Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Katarzyna Piwocka, Ewa Sikora, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Human leukemic T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) were induced to undergo apoptosis by brief irradiation with ultraviolet C light (254 nm). This was accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the form of conjugated dienes, a decrease of total glutathione content, and a shift of its redox state towards the oxidized form. Preincubation of the cells with 1 mM pantothenate resulted in a significant elevation of total glutathione content of the cells, reaching its maximum level, 160% of the control, after 3 h. Similar increase was observed after preincubation with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, a known precursor of glutathione. Both Pantothenic Acid and N-acetylcysteine alleviated the ultraviolet-induced decrease of glutathione content, diminished lipid peroxidation, and partly protected the cells against apoptosis produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
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noxious effects of oxygen reactive species on energy coupling processes in ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria and the protection by Pantothenic Acid
1996Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Andrei G Moiseenok, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Irradiation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with ultraviolet light or exposure to the Fenton reaction results in lesions in the mitochondrial energy-coupling system. Formation of the membrane potential and its utilization for ATP synthesis are more affected than the respiratory chain. Preincubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid or its derivatives which can serve as precursors of CoA largely protects against the damage of mitochondrial energetics by oxygen reactive species formed by UV light or the Fenton reaction. Incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with Pantothenic Acid increases their content of glutathione (most of which is present in the reduced form) by 40%. It is concluded that the protective effect of precursors of CoA against lesions of the mitochondrial energy-coupling system by oxygen reactive species is mainly due to removal of free radicals and peroxides by glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.
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Pantothenic Acid and its derivatives protect ehrlich ascites tumor cells against lipid peroxidation
1995Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Mariola Rakowska, Andrei G Moiseenok, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Abstract Preincubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at 22 or 32°C, but not at 0°C, with Pantothenic Acid, 4′-phosphoPantothenic Acid, pantothenol, or pantethine reduced lipid peroxidation (measured by production of thiobarbituric Acid-reactive compounds) induced by the Fenton reaction (Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 ) and partly protected the plasma membrane against the leakiness to cytoplasmic proteins produced by the same reagent. Pantothenic Acid and its derivatives did not inhibit (Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 )-induced peroxidation of phospholipid multilamellar vesicles, thus indicating that their effect on the cells was not due to the scavenging mechanism. HomoPantothenic Acid and its 4′-phosphate ester (which are not precursors of CoA) neither protected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against lipid peroxidation nor prevented plasma membrane leakiness under the same conditions. Incubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid, 4′-phosphoPantothenic Acid, pantothenol, or pantethine significantly increased the amount of cellular CoA and potentiated incorporation of added palmitate into phospholipids and cholesterol esters. It is concluded that Pantothenic Acid and its related compounds protect the plasma membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against the damage by oxygen free radicals due to increasing cellular level of CoA. The latter compound may act by diminishing propagation of lipid peroxidation and promoting repair mechanisms, mainly the synthesis of phospholipids.
Xiaoqiu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary Pantothenic Acid depressed the gill immune and physical barrier function via nf κb tor nrf2 p38mapk and mlck signaling pathways in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
2015Co-Authors: Lin Feng, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Jun Jiang, Weidan Jiang, Juan Zhao, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Wuneng Tang, Yongan ZhangAbstract:This study explored the effects of Pantothenic Acid (PA) on the immune and physical barrier function, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the gill of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The results indicated that compared with optimal PA supplementation, PA deficiency (1.31 mg/kg diet) decreased gill interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), eIF4E-binding protein 2, Claudin b and ZO-1 mRNA levels; anti-superoxide anion activity, and activities and mRNA levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and NF-E2-related factor (P < 0.05). Additionally, PA deficiency and excess (75.08 mg/kg diet) decreased gill complement 3 and glutathione contents, lysozyme and Acid phosphatase, anti-hydroxy radical, catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities, and liver-expression antimicrobial peptide 2, hepcidin, Claudin 3, Claudin c and Occludin mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Conversely, PA deficiency increased gill reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl contents, and interferon γ2, interleukin 8, nuclear factor kappa B P65, Claudin 15a, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1b mRNA levels (P<0.05). Moreover, PA deficiency and excess increased gill malondialdehyde content, and tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, IκB kinase α, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ, target of rapamycin and ribosomal S6 protein kinase1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and myosin light-chain kinase mRNA levels (P<0.05). In conclusion, PA deficiency decreased immune and physical barrier function, and regulated relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in fish gill. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of gill lysozyme activity, the optimal PA levels in grass carp (253.44-745.25 g) were estimated to be 36.97 mg/kg diet.
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dietary Pantothenic Acid deficiency and excess depress the growth intestinal mucosal immune and physical functions by regulating nf κb tor nrf2 and mlck signaling pathways in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
2015Co-Authors: Lin Feng, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Jun Jiang, Weidan Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Wuneng Tang, Yongan Zhang, Yang LiuAbstract:This study investigated the effects of dietary Pantothenic Acid (PA) on the growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical barrier, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 grass carp (253.44 +/- 0.69 g) were fed six diets with graded levels of PA (PA1, PA15, PA30, PA45, PA60 and PA75 diets) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that compared with PA deficiency (PA1 diet) and excess (PA75 diet) groups, optimal PA supplementation increased (P < 0.05): (1) percent weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency; (2) lysozyme activity, complement 3 content, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and hepcidin, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor beta 1 and inhibitor of kappa B alpha mRNA levels in some intestinal segments; (3) activities and mRNA levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases and glutathione reductase, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA level in the whole intestine; (4) Claudin b, Claudin 3, Claudin c, Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA levels in some intestinal segments of grass carp. Conversely, optimal PA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05): (1) tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma 2, interleukin 8, nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-kappa B P65), I kappa B kinase alpha, I kappa B kinase beta, I kappa B kinase gamma and target of rapamycin (TOR) mRNA expression levels in some intestinal segments; (2) reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents, and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1b in the intestine; (3) Claudin 12, Claudin 15a and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA levels in some intestinal segments of grass carp. In conclusion, optimum PA promoted growth, intestinal mucosal immune and physical function, as well as regulated mRNA levels of signaling molecules NF-kappa B P65, TOR, Nrf2 and MLCK in grass carp intestine. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG and intestinal lysozyme activity, the optimal PA levels in grass carp (253.44-745.25 g) were estimated to be 37.73 mg/kg and 4138 mg/kg diet, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effect of dietary Pantothenic Acid supplement on growth body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile jian carp cyprinus carpio var jian
2009Co-Authors: Z P Wen, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Liping Feng, Jun Jiang, Yang LiuAbstract:A 9-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile Jian carp to study the effect of dietary Pantothenic Acid (PA) on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities. Semi-purified diets with seven levels (4.0, 15.5, 25.6, 36.1, 45.9, 56.1 and 65.9 mg PA kg−1) of supplemental calcium d-pantothenate were fed to Jian carp (13.0 ± 0.0 g). PA improved specific growth rate (SGR), protein productive value (PPV), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lipid production value (LPV) (P < 0.05). Fish fed the control diet had significantly lower feed efficiency (FE) than that in any other group (P < 0.05). Body protein content increased with increasing PA levels (P < 0.05), but moisture, lipid and ash of fish carcasses were negatively related to the graded PA levels (P < 0.05). Intestine protein content (IPC), hepatopancreas protein content (HPC) and activity of α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na+,K+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were all positively affected by the dietary PA levels (P < 0.05), while intestine index (ISI) and hepatopancreas index (HSI) decreased with the increment of supplemental levels of PA (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PA could enhance fish growth and intestinal enzyme activities. The dietary PA requirement of juvenile Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian (13.0–73.0 g), for optimal growth estimated by the broken-line analysis was 23.0 mg PA kg−1 diet.
Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pantothenic Acid and pantothenol increase biosynthesis of glutathione by boosting cell energetics
2004Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Dorota Dymkowska, Lech WojtczakAbstract:We have previously observed (summarized in BioFactors 17 (2003) 61) that Pantothenic Acid, pantothenol and other derivatives that are precursors of CoA protect cells and whole organs against peroxidative damage by increasing the content of cell glutathione. The present investigation was aimed to elucidate the mechanism of this increase in human lymphoblastoic (Jurkat) cells. It showed that incubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol increased mainly the content of free glutathione, with little effect on protein-bound glutathione. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, prevented this increase. Increase of the content of free glutathione, as produced by Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol, was largely prevented by respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone, inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthesis oligomycin and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. These treatments also decreased the cellular content of ATP. Preincubation with Pantothenic Acid or pantothenol also increased cell respiration with pyruvate as the exogenous substrate. Although no significant increase of total cell CoA content could be found, it is concluded that the increase of the glutathione level was due to increased production of ATP that was, in turn, a result of the increased content of mitochondrial CoA.
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Pantothenic Acid protects jurkat cells against ultraviolet light induced apoptosis
2001Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Katarzyna Piwocka, Ewa Sikora, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Human leukemic T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) were induced to undergo apoptosis by brief irradiation with ultraviolet C light (254 nm). This was accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the form of conjugated dienes, a decrease of total glutathione content, and a shift of its redox state towards the oxidized form. Preincubation of the cells with 1 mM pantothenate resulted in a significant elevation of total glutathione content of the cells, reaching its maximum level, 160% of the control, after 3 h. Similar increase was observed after preincubation with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, a known precursor of glutathione. Both Pantothenic Acid and N-acetylcysteine alleviated the ultraviolet-induced decrease of glutathione content, diminished lipid peroxidation, and partly protected the cells against apoptosis produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
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noxious effects of oxygen reactive species on energy coupling processes in ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria and the protection by Pantothenic Acid
1996Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Andrei G Moiseenok, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Irradiation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with ultraviolet light or exposure to the Fenton reaction results in lesions in the mitochondrial energy-coupling system. Formation of the membrane potential and its utilization for ATP synthesis are more affected than the respiratory chain. Preincubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid or its derivatives which can serve as precursors of CoA largely protects against the damage of mitochondrial energetics by oxygen reactive species formed by UV light or the Fenton reaction. Incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with Pantothenic Acid increases their content of glutathione (most of which is present in the reduced form) by 40%. It is concluded that the protective effect of precursors of CoA against lesions of the mitochondrial energy-coupling system by oxygen reactive species is mainly due to removal of free radicals and peroxides by glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.
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Pantothenic Acid and its derivatives protect ehrlich ascites tumor cells against lipid peroxidation
1995Co-Authors: Vyacheslav S Slyshenkov, Mariola Rakowska, Andrei G Moiseenok, Lech WojtczakAbstract:Abstract Preincubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at 22 or 32°C, but not at 0°C, with Pantothenic Acid, 4′-phosphoPantothenic Acid, pantothenol, or pantethine reduced lipid peroxidation (measured by production of thiobarbituric Acid-reactive compounds) induced by the Fenton reaction (Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 ) and partly protected the plasma membrane against the leakiness to cytoplasmic proteins produced by the same reagent. Pantothenic Acid and its derivatives did not inhibit (Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 )-induced peroxidation of phospholipid multilamellar vesicles, thus indicating that their effect on the cells was not due to the scavenging mechanism. HomoPantothenic Acid and its 4′-phosphate ester (which are not precursors of CoA) neither protected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against lipid peroxidation nor prevented plasma membrane leakiness under the same conditions. Incubation of the cells with Pantothenic Acid, 4′-phosphoPantothenic Acid, pantothenol, or pantethine significantly increased the amount of cellular CoA and potentiated incorporation of added palmitate into phospholipids and cholesterol esters. It is concluded that Pantothenic Acid and its related compounds protect the plasma membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against the damage by oxygen free radicals due to increasing cellular level of CoA. The latter compound may act by diminishing propagation of lipid peroxidation and promoting repair mechanisms, mainly the synthesis of phospholipids.
Katsumi Shibata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Values for evaluating the nutritional status of water-soluble vitamins in humans
2013Co-Authors: Katsumi ShibataAbstract:Previously, we clarified that the amount of urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins closely reflects the surplus amount of water-soluble vitamins in the body stores of rats and humans. We tried to set a tentative amount of urinary excretion of eight water-soluble vitamins of nine water-soluble vitamins (except vitamin B 12 ) for maintaining health based on experiments in healthy young females administered a semi-chemically defined diet according to Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes and related data. We proposed a tentative value for the amount of urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins for maintaining health. The values were: 200–2000 nmol/d for vitamin B 1 ; 200–2000 nmol/d for vitamin B 2 ; 2–15 µ mol/d for 4-pyridoxic Acid (a catabolite of vitamin B 6 ); 50–300 µ mol/d for the sum of the nicotinamide catabolites N 1 -methylnicotinamide, N 1 -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N 1 -methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide; 10–30 µ mol/d for Pantothenic Acid; 15–100 nmol/d for folate; 50–200 nmol/d for biotin; and 100–2000 µ mol/d for vitamin C. By using these values, we attempted to evaluate the nutritional status of water-soluble vitamins for 709 young Japanese females. The percentage within the tentative value of urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamin for maintaining health was 73.6% for vitamin B 1 , 63.5% for vitamin B 2 , 90.0% for vitamin B 6 , 85.6% for niacin, 58.1% for folate, 85.6% for Pantothenic Acid, 70.2% for biotin, and 65.4% for vitamin C. The percentage beyond the lower limit of detection was 22.4% for vitamin B 1 , 31.3% for vitamin B 2 , 6.2% for vitamin B 6 , 14.0% for niacin, 40.9% for folate, 12.4% for Pantothenic Acid, 26.2% for biotin, and 33.0% for vitamin C. The percentage over the upper limit of detection was 4.1% for vitamin B 1 , 5.2% for vitamin B 2 , 3.8% for vitamin B 6 , 0.4% for niacin, 1.0% for folate, 2.0% for Pantothenic Acid, 3.6% for biotin, and 1.6% for vitamin C. Nutritional assessment using urinary excretion amounts of water-soluble vitamins is persuasive, and leads to the transformation of habitual dietary intakes.
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Pantothenic Acid refeeding diminishes the liver perinephrical fats and plasma fats accumulated by Pantothenic Acid deficiency and or ethanol consumption
2013Co-Authors: Katsumi Shibata, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Saori Higashiyama, Chisa Sugita, Isao Azumano, Masaaki OndaAbstract:Abstract Objective Pantothenic Acid (PaA) is a vitamin that is an integral part of coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is an essential coenzyme in fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether PaA deficiency causes the accumulation of tissue fats and, if so, can refeeding of PaA decrease such accumulated fat. Methods Weaning rats were fed the PaA-free diet for 30 d. Rats were then divided into two groups. One group was continuously fed the PaA-free diet, and the other was fed the PaA-containing diet for an additional 13 d. At the end of the experiment, liver fat and perinephric fat were weighed, and plasma triglyceride levels measured. An additional similar experiment was conducted in which rats consumed 15% ethanol instead of water. Results Fat that accumulated by consuming the PaA-free diet for 30 d was decreased by consuming the PaA-containing diet for an additional 13 d. Ethanol feeding elicited much greater accumulation of liver, perinephric, and plasma fats if rats were fed the PaA-free diet. In such cases, administration of PaA could decrease the accumulated fat. Conclusion PaA deficiency causes fat accumulation, and readministration of PaA decreases the tissue fat in rats fed the Pantothenic Acid–free diet. Ethanol accelerated the accumulation of fat in rats fed the PaA-free diet. PaA could be beneficial for decreasing accumulated tissue fat.
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d pantethine has vitamin activity equivalent to d Pantothenic Acids for recovering from a deficiency of d Pantothenic Acid in rats
2013Co-Authors: Katsumi Shibata, Mayu Kaneko, Tsutomu FukuwatariAbstract:D-Pantethine is a compound in which two molecules of D-pantetheine bind through an S-S linkage. D-Pantethine is available from commercial sources as well as from D-Pantothenic Acid. We investigated if D-pantethine has the same vitamin activity as D-Pantothenic Acid by comparing the recovery from a deficiency of D-Pantothenic Acid in rats. D-Pantothenic Acid-deficient rats were developed by weaning rats on a diet lacking D-Pantothenic Acid for 47 d. At that time, the urinary excretion of D-Pantothenic Acid was almost zero, and the body weight extremely low, compared with the control (p<0.05); the contents of free D-Pantothenic Acid were also significantly reduced in comparison with those of controls (p<0.05). D-Pantothenic Acid-deficient rats were administered a diet containing D-Pantothenic Acid or D-pantethine for 7 d. D-Pantethine and D-Pantothenic Acid contents of the diets were equimolar in forms of D-Pantothenic Acid. We compared various parameters concerning nutritional status between rats fed D-Pantothenic Acid- and D-pantethine-containing diets. The recoveries of body weight, tissue weights, and tissue concentrations of free D-Pantothenic Acid, dephospho-CoA, CoA, and acetyl-CoA were identical between rats fed diets containing D-Pantothenic Acid and D-pantethine. Thus, the biological efficiency for recovering from a deficiency of D-Pantothenic Acid in rats was equivalent between D-Pantothenic Acid and D-pantethine.
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simultaneous high performance liquid chromatography determination of coenzyme a dephospho coenzyme a and acetyl coenzyme a in normal and Pantothenic Acid deficient rats
2012Co-Authors: Katsumi Shibata, Takumi Nakai, Tsutomu FukuwatariAbstract:We describe here a simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography method for practical and rapid determination of coenzyme A (CoA), dephospho-CoA, and acetyl-CoA in tissues. These coenzymes are biosynthesized from the vitamin Pantothenic Acid (PaA), which is involved in the metabolism of fatty Acids, amino Acid catabolism, and several other nutrients. The method employed a Tosoh TSK-GEL ODS-100 V column (250×4.6mm i.d., particle size 5μm) eluted with 100mmol/L NaH(2)PO(4) and 75mmol/L CH(3)COONa (pH was adjusted to 4.6 by the addition of concentrated H(3)PO(4))-acetonitrile (94:6, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The ultraviolet detector was set at 259nm. The limits of detection for CoA, dephospho-CoA, and acetyl-CoA all were 10pmol. The method was applied to the analysis of several tissues of rats fed normal and PaA-free diets. The results clearly showed that the method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of CoA, dephospho-CoA, and acetyl-CoA in the liver, heart, kidney, spleen, testis, large colon, and muscle, but not for the small intestine, of rats.
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different variations of tissue b group vitamin concentrations in short and long term starved rats
2012Co-Authors: Aya Moriya, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Mitsue Sano, Katsumi ShibataAbstract:Prolonged starvation changes energy metabolism; therefore, the metabolic response to starvation is divided into three phases according to changes in glucose, lipid and protein utilisation. B-group vitamins are involved in energy metabolism via metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty Acids and amino Acids. To determine how changes in energy metabolism alter B-group vitamin concentrations during starvation, we measured the concentration of eight kinds of B-group vitamins daily in rat blood, urine and in nine tissues including cerebrum, heart, lung, stomach, kidney, liver, spleen, testis and skeletal muscle during 8 d of starvation. Vitamin B1, vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid, folate and biotin concentrations in the blood reduced after 6 or 8 d of starvation, and other vitamins did not change. Urinary excretion was decreased during starvation for all B-group vitamins except Pantothenic Acid and biotin. Less variation in B-group vitamin concentrations was found in the cerebrum and spleen. Concentrations of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinamide and Pantothenic Acid increased in the liver. The skeletal muscle and stomach showed reduced concentrations of five vitamins including vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid and folate. Concentrations of two or three vitamins decreased in the kidney, testis and heart, and these changes showed different patterns in each tissue and for each vitamin. The concentration of Pantothenic Acid rapidly decreased in the heart, stomach, kidney and testis, whereas concentrations of nicotinamide were stable in all tissues except the liver. Different variations in B-group vitamin concentrations in the tissues of starved rats were found. The present findings will lead to a suitable supplementation of vitamins for the prevention of the re-feeding syndrome. Starvation produces a series of metabolic changes that lead to a reduction in body weight, alterations in body composition and metabolic gene expression (1,2) . In mammals and birds, three distinct levels of energy depletion have been established (3 ‐ 10) . The first phase (phase 1) is a rapid period of adaptation marked by an increase in mobilisation of fat stores and a lowering in protein utilisation. During the second phase (phase 2), which is a long period of thrift, most of the energy expenditure is derived from fats, and then fat stores are progressively exhausted, while body proteins are efficiently spared. The third phase (phase 3) is characterised by an increase in protein utilisation. In humans, the negative energy balance resulting from starvation can arise due to disease, eating or psychological disorders, or hunger strikes. Starvation and consequent re-feeding syndrome can lead to electrolyte disorders, especially
