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Per G. P. Ericson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeny biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird of paradise species complex lophorina ptiloris aves Paradisaeidae
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalhafilho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird-of-paradise species complex, Lophorina–Ptiloris (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalha-filho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Knud A. Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Les Christidis, Per G. P. EricsonAbstract:Background The birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) form one of the most prominent avian examples of sexual selection and show a complex biogeographical distribution. The family has accordingly been used as a case-study in several significant evolutionary and biogeographical syntheses. As a robust phylogeny of the birds-of-paradise has been lacking, these hypotheses have been tentative and difficult to assess. Here we present a well supported species phylogeny with divergence time estimates of the birds-of-paradise. We use this to assess if the rates of the evolution of sexually selected traits and speciation have been excessively high within the birds-of-paradise, as well as to re-interpret biogeographical patterns in the group. Results The phylogenetic results confirm some traditionally recognized relationships but also suggest novel ones. Furthermore, we find that species pairs are geographically more closely linked than previously assumed. The divergence time estimates suggest that speciation within the birds-of-paradise mainly took place during the Miocene and the Pliocene, and that several polygynous and morphologically homogeneous genera are several million years old. Diversification rates further suggest that the speciation rate within birds-of-paradise is comparable to that of the enitre core Corvoidea. Conclusion The estimated ages of morphologically homogeneous and polygynous genera within the birds-of-paradise suggest that there is no need to postulate a particularly rapid evolution of sexually selected morphological traits. The calculated divergence rates further suggest that the speciation rate in birds-of-paradise has not been excessively high. Thus the idea that sexual selection could generate high speciation rates and rapid changes in sexual ornamentations is not supported by our birds-of-paradise data. Potentially, hybridization and long generation times in polygynous male birds-of-paradise have constrained morphological diversification and speciation, but external ecological factors on New Guinea may also have allowed the birds-of-paradise to develop and maintain magnificent male plumages. We further propose that the restricted but geographically complex distributions of birds-of-paradise species may be a consequence of the promiscuous breeding system.
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An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise
BMC evolutionary biology, 2009Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Knud A. Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Les Christidis, Per G. P. EricsonAbstract:The birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) form one of the most prominent avian examples of sexual selection and show a complex biogeographical distribution. The family has accordingly been used as a case-study in several significant evolutionary and biogeographical syntheses. As a robust phylogeny of the birds-of-paradise has been lacking, these hypotheses have been tentative and difficult to assess. Here we present a well supported species phylogeny with divergence time estimates of the birds-of-paradise. We use this to assess if the rates of the evolution of sexually selected traits and speciation have been excessively high within the birds-of-paradise, as well as to re-interpret biogeographical patterns in the group. The phylogenetic results confirm some traditionally recognized relationships but also suggest novel ones. Furthermore, we find that species pairs are geographically more closely linked than previously assumed. The divergence time estimates suggest that speciation within the birds-of-paradise mainly took place during the Miocene and the Pliocene, and that several polygynous and morphologically homogeneous genera are several million years old. Diversification rates further suggest that the speciation rate within birds-of-paradise is comparable to that of the enitre core Corvoidea. The estimated ages of morphologically homogeneous and polygynous genera within the birds-of-paradise suggest that there is no need to postulate a particularly rapid evolution of sexually selected morphological traits. The calculated divergence rates further suggest that the speciation rate in birds-of-paradise has not been excessively high. Thus the idea that sexual selection could generate high speciation rates and rapid changes in sexual ornamentations is not supported by our birds-of-paradise data. Potentially, hybridization and long generation times in polygynous male birds-of-paradise have constrained morphological diversification and speciation, but external ecological factors on New Guinea may also have allowed the birds-of-paradise to develop and maintain magnificent male plumages. We further propose that the restricted but geographically complex distributions of birds-of-paradise species may be a consequence of the promiscuous breeding system.
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A multi-gene phylogeny reveals novel relationships for aberrant genera of Australo-Papuan core Corvoidea and polyphyly of the Pachycephalidae and Psophodidae (Aves : Passeriformes).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Janette A Norman, Knud A. Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie ChristidisAbstract:The core Corvoidea is the largest and most diverse oscine assemblage within the Australo-Papuan region. Although central to an understanding of the evolutionary history and biogeography of the group the composition and intergeneric relationships of the Australo-Papuan radiation remain poorly understood. Here we analysed DNA sequence data from two nuclear gene regions and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, for 40 species of core Corvoidea to test the systematic affinities of key Australo-Papuan lineages. The families Pachycephalidae (whistlers, shrike-thrushes and allies) and Psophodidae (whipbirds, quail-thrush and allies) were both recovered as polyphyletic assemblages. The core pachycephaline assemblage comprised Pachycephala, Colluricincla, parts of Pitohui, and Falcunculus with the remaining genera resolving as four divergent lineages with no clearly defined affinities. Ptilorrhoa and Cinclosoma (Cinclosomatidae) formed a clade separate from Psophodes (Psophodidae) but neither clade showed clear affinities to any other taxa. Novel relationships were also identified for three aberrant New Guinean genera; ditypic Machaerirhynchus and monotypic Rhagologus were both nested within an assemblage that included the Artamidae and African malaconotoids (bush-shrikes and allies) while the enigmatic Ifrita was found to be part of an assemblage that included the Monarchidae and Paradisaeidae.
Martin Irestedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sequence Transpositions Restore Genes on the Highly Degenerated W Chromosomes of Songbirds
Genes, 2020Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Qi ZhouAbstract:The female-specific W chromosomes of most Neognathae birds are highly degenerated and gene-poor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the gene repertoires of the Neognathae bird W chromosomes, despite being in small numbers, are conserved across bird species, likely due to purifying selection maintaining the regulatory and dosage-sensitive genes. Here we report the discovery of DNA-based sequence duplications from the Z to the W chromosome in birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae, Passeriformes), through sequence transposition. The original transposition involved nine genes, but only two of them (ANXA1 and ALDH1A1) survived on the W chromosomes. Both ANXA1 and ALDH1A1 are predicted to be dosage-sensitive, and the expression of ANXA1 is restricted to ovaries in all the investigated birds. These analyses suggest the newly transposed gene onto the W chromosomes can be favored for their role in restoring dosage imbalance or through female-specific selection. After examining seven additional songbird genomes, we further identified five other transposed genes on the W chromosomes of Darwin’s finches and one in the great tit, expanding the observation of the Z-to-W transpositions to a larger range of bird species, but not all transposed genes exhibit dosage-sensitivity or ovary-biased expression We demonstrate a new mechanism by which the highly degenerated W chromosomes of songbirds can acquire genes from the homologous Z chromosomes, but further functional investigations are needed to validate the evolutionary forces underlying the transpositions.
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phylogeny biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird of paradise species complex lophorina ptiloris aves Paradisaeidae
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalhafilho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird-of-paradise species complex, Lophorina–Ptiloris (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalha-filho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Knud A. Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Les Christidis, Per G. P. EricsonAbstract:Background The birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) form one of the most prominent avian examples of sexual selection and show a complex biogeographical distribution. The family has accordingly been used as a case-study in several significant evolutionary and biogeographical syntheses. As a robust phylogeny of the birds-of-paradise has been lacking, these hypotheses have been tentative and difficult to assess. Here we present a well supported species phylogeny with divergence time estimates of the birds-of-paradise. We use this to assess if the rates of the evolution of sexually selected traits and speciation have been excessively high within the birds-of-paradise, as well as to re-interpret biogeographical patterns in the group. Results The phylogenetic results confirm some traditionally recognized relationships but also suggest novel ones. Furthermore, we find that species pairs are geographically more closely linked than previously assumed. The divergence time estimates suggest that speciation within the birds-of-paradise mainly took place during the Miocene and the Pliocene, and that several polygynous and morphologically homogeneous genera are several million years old. Diversification rates further suggest that the speciation rate within birds-of-paradise is comparable to that of the enitre core Corvoidea. Conclusion The estimated ages of morphologically homogeneous and polygynous genera within the birds-of-paradise suggest that there is no need to postulate a particularly rapid evolution of sexually selected morphological traits. The calculated divergence rates further suggest that the speciation rate in birds-of-paradise has not been excessively high. Thus the idea that sexual selection could generate high speciation rates and rapid changes in sexual ornamentations is not supported by our birds-of-paradise data. Potentially, hybridization and long generation times in polygynous male birds-of-paradise have constrained morphological diversification and speciation, but external ecological factors on New Guinea may also have allowed the birds-of-paradise to develop and maintain magnificent male plumages. We further propose that the restricted but geographically complex distributions of birds-of-paradise species may be a consequence of the promiscuous breeding system.
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An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise
BMC evolutionary biology, 2009Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Knud A. Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Les Christidis, Per G. P. EricsonAbstract:The birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) form one of the most prominent avian examples of sexual selection and show a complex biogeographical distribution. The family has accordingly been used as a case-study in several significant evolutionary and biogeographical syntheses. As a robust phylogeny of the birds-of-paradise has been lacking, these hypotheses have been tentative and difficult to assess. Here we present a well supported species phylogeny with divergence time estimates of the birds-of-paradise. We use this to assess if the rates of the evolution of sexually selected traits and speciation have been excessively high within the birds-of-paradise, as well as to re-interpret biogeographical patterns in the group. The phylogenetic results confirm some traditionally recognized relationships but also suggest novel ones. Furthermore, we find that species pairs are geographically more closely linked than previously assumed. The divergence time estimates suggest that speciation within the birds-of-paradise mainly took place during the Miocene and the Pliocene, and that several polygynous and morphologically homogeneous genera are several million years old. Diversification rates further suggest that the speciation rate within birds-of-paradise is comparable to that of the enitre core Corvoidea. The estimated ages of morphologically homogeneous and polygynous genera within the birds-of-paradise suggest that there is no need to postulate a particularly rapid evolution of sexually selected morphological traits. The calculated divergence rates further suggest that the speciation rate in birds-of-paradise has not been excessively high. Thus the idea that sexual selection could generate high speciation rates and rapid changes in sexual ornamentations is not supported by our birds-of-paradise data. Potentially, hybridization and long generation times in polygynous male birds-of-paradise have constrained morphological diversification and speciation, but external ecological factors on New Guinea may also have allowed the birds-of-paradise to develop and maintain magnificent male plumages. We further propose that the restricted but geographically complex distributions of birds-of-paradise species may be a consequence of the promiscuous breeding system.
Richard Schodde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeny biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird of paradise species complex lophorina ptiloris aves Paradisaeidae
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalhafilho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird-of-paradise species complex, Lophorina–Ptiloris (Aves: Paradisaeidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017Co-Authors: Martin Irestedt, Per G. P. Ericson, Leslie Christidis, Henrique Batalha-filho, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Biogeographical history and taxonomic delimitation in the Australo-Papuan bird-of-paradise Lophorina-Ptiloris species complex is examined with a combination of DNA and morphological markers. The re ...
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Case 3500Paradisaea Linnaeus, 1758 and Paradisaeidae Swainson, 1825 (Aves): proposed conservation of usage
The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Schodde, Mary Lecroy, Walter J. BockAbstract:Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 81.1 of the Code, is to conserve the generic name Paradisaea Linnaeus, 1758 and the family name Paradisaeidae Swainson, 1825 for the birds of paradise. These names in these spellings have been in prevailing use for over 75 years. Suppression of the competing spellings Paradisea Linnaeus, 1758 and, as a consequence, paradiseidae Swainson, 1825, will maintain stability in nomenclature.
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Relationships of Australo‐Papuan songbirds‐protein evidence
Ibis, 2008Co-Authors: Les Christidis, Richard SchoddeAbstract:Allelic frequencies determined by protein electrophoresis were used to assess relationships and familial groupings among the Australian-New Guinean songbirds. Hypotheses of relationships were generated from the data by UPGMA, distance-Wagner and cladistic analyses. The resulting protein-based topologies were compared with recent DNA-DNA hybridization studies which separate the major Australo-Papuan families from Eurasian-centred groups and cluster them in a single endemic radiation. Although both data sets are concordant in may areas, they differ significantly in their alignment of the Australo-Papuan Menuridae, Climacteridae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Maluridae, Eopsaltriidae and Orthonychidae. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are examined. Both data sets otherwise agree in identifying an endemic radiation of Australo-Papuan songbirds in which some 75% of regional species are clustered in two principal assemblages. One includes the honeyeaters Meliphagidae and their allies Epthianuridae, Acanthizidae, Pardalotidae and, arguably, Eopsaltriidae (Australo-Papuan robins) and Orthonychidae (logrunners). The other comprises corvoid birds (Corvoidea), including Pachycephalidae, Monarchidae, Cracticidae, Artamidae, Paradisaeidae, Corvidae, Oriolidae, Campephagidae and possibly Ptilonorhynchidae (bowerbirds) amongst others. Menuridae (lyrebirds), Climacteridae (treecreepers), and Maluridae (fairy wrens) are also members of the radiation but of less certain affinity. The remaining species are grouped in a number of families forming a third assemblage of apparent Eurasian origin, the parvorder Passerida. The concept of a Gondwanan origin for the Passeriformes is canvassed.
Joel Cracraft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What is not a bird of paradise? Molecular and morphological evidence places Macgregoria in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree
Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Joel Cracraft, Julie FeinsteinAbstract:The cnemophiline 'birds of paradise' (Cnemophilinae) and Macgregor's 'bird of paradise' (Macgregoria) have traditionally been included in the Paradisaeidae although their relationships within the group have been enigmatic and subject to repeated discussion in the literature. Here we use sequences from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I, along with a suite of morphological characters, to investigate their relationships to paradisaeids and other members of the passerine Parvorder Corvida. The combined data strongly support the removal of both groups from the birds of paradise: the cnemophilines are basal members of the Corvoidea and Macgregoria is a member of the Meliphagoidea and embedded in the honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) close to the genus Melipotes. The amount of sequence divergence among basal passeriforms and members of the Corvida, as well as available fossil evidence for Australian corvidans, suggest that cnemophilines represent an ancient lineage within the corvoid radiation. Because cnemophilines and Macgregoria have been placed at the base of the paradisaeid tree, hypotheses of morphological, behavioural and ecological character-state transformations within the family will require reanalysis.
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Phylogenetic Relationships among the Major Lineages of the Birds-of-Paradise (Paradisaeidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA Gene Sequences
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 1996Co-Authors: Gary B. Nunn, Joel CracraftAbstract:Abstract Complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences were determined from 12 species of the Australo-Papuan birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) representing 9 genera. Phylogenetic analysis of these and 5 previously published sequences reveals a radiation of the main paradisaeinine lineages that took place over a relatively short evolutionary time scale. The core paradisaeinines are resolved as the monophyletic sister-group to the crow-like manucodines. The genus Parotia is basal to other paradisaeinines and is not closely related to the morphologically similar genera Ptiloris and Lophorina. Three major clades within the paradisaeinine ingroup include: (1) Cicinnurus and Diphyllodes, (2) Ptiloris and Lophorina, and (3) the genus Paradisaea. The monotypic genus Seleucidis is apparently closely related to clades (1) and (2). Cytochrome b sequences did not provide evidence for the monophyly of the sicklebill genera Epimachus and Drepanornis. The paradisaeid tree is characterized by short internodal distances. Thus, some clades cannot be strongly resolved by cytochrome b sequences alone.
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THE SPECIES OF THE BIRDS‐OF‐PARADISE (Paradisaeidae): APPLYING THE PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT TO A COMPLEX PATTERN OF DIVERSIFICATION
Cladistics, 1992Co-Authors: Joel CracraftAbstract:Abstract The phylogenetic species concept is applied for the first time to a major radiation of birds, the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) of Australasia. Using the biological species concept, previous workers have postulated approximately 40–42 species in the family. Of these, approximately 13 are monotypic and 27 are polytypic with about 100 subspecies. Phylogenetic species are irreducible (basal) clusters of organisms (terminal taxa) that are diagnosably distinct from other such clusters. Within the context of this concept, approximately 90 species of paradisaeids are postulated to have diversified within Australasia. The phylogenetic species concept more accurately describes evolutionary diversity within the family and provides a better theoretical and empirical framework for analysing speciation, historical biogeography and patterns of morphological, behavioral and ecological diversification within this group than does the biological species concept.
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the species of the birds of paradise Paradisaeidae applying the phylogenetic species concept to a complex pattern of diversification
Cladistics, 1992Co-Authors: Joel CracraftAbstract:Abstract The phylogenetic species concept is applied for the first time to a major radiation of birds, the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) of Australasia. Using the biological species concept, previous workers have postulated approximately 40–42 species in the family. Of these, approximately 13 are monotypic and 27 are polytypic with about 100 subspecies. Phylogenetic species are irreducible (basal) clusters of organisms (terminal taxa) that are diagnosably distinct from other such clusters. Within the context of this concept, approximately 90 species of paradisaeids are postulated to have diversified within Australasia. The phylogenetic species concept more accurately describes evolutionary diversity within the family and provides a better theoretical and empirical framework for analysing speciation, historical biogeography and patterns of morphological, behavioral and ecological diversification within this group than does the biological species concept.
Richard O. Prum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structural absorption by barbule microstructures of super black bird of paradise feathers
Nature communications, 2018Co-Authors: Dakota E. Mccoy, Teresa J. Feo, Todd Alan Harvey, Richard O. PrumAbstract:Many studies have shown how pigments and internal nanostructures generate color in nature. External surface structures can also influence appearance, such as by causing multiple scattering of light (structural absorption) to produce a velvety, super black appearance. Here we show that feathers from five species of birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) structurally absorb incident light to produce extremely low-reflectance, super black plumages. Directional reflectance of these feathers (0.05-0.31%) approaches that of man-made ultra-absorbent materials. SEM, nano-CT, and ray-tracing simulations show that super black feathers have titled arrays of highly modified barbules, which cause more multiple scattering, resulting in more structural absorption, than normal black feathers. Super black feathers have an extreme directional reflectance bias and appear darkest when viewed from the distal direction. We hypothesize that structurally absorbing, super black plumage evolved through sensory bias to enhance the perceived brilliance of adjacent color patches during courtship display.
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Structural absorption by barbule microstructures of super black bird of paradise feathers
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Dakota E. Mccoy, Todd Alan Harvey, Teresa Feo, Richard O. PrumAbstract:Physical structure is known to contribute to the appearance of bird plumage through structural color and specular reflection. Here, McCoy, Feo, and colleagues demonstrate how a third mechanism, structural absorption, leads to low reflectance and super black color in birds of paradise feathers. Many studies have shown how pigments and internal nanostructures generate color in nature. External surface structures can also influence appearance, such as by causing multiple scattering of light (structural absorption) to produce a velvety, super black appearance. Here we show that feathers from five species of birds of paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) structurally absorb incident light to produce extremely low-reflectance, super black plumages. Directional reflectance of these feathers (0.05–0.31%) approaches that of man-made ultra-absorbent materials. SEM, nano-CT, and ray-tracing simulations show that super black feathers have titled arrays of highly modified barbules, which cause more multiple scattering, resulting in more structural absorption, than normal black feathers. Super black feathers have an extreme directional reflectance bias and appear darkest when viewed from the distal direction. We hypothesize that structurally absorbing, super black plumage evolved through sensory bias to enhance the perceived brilliance of adjacent color patches during courtship display.
