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Giorgio Buonanno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of Particle Emission from laser printers
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Mauro Scungio, Luca Stabile, Giorgio Buonanno, Tania Vitanza, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Abstract Emission of Particles from laser printers in office environments is claimed to have impact on human health due to likelihood of exposure to high Particle concentrations in such indoor environments. In the present paper, Particle Emission characteristics of 110 laser printers from different manufacturers were analyzed, and estimations of their Emission rates were made on the basis of measurements of total concentrations of Particles emitted by the printers placed in a chamber, as well as Particle size distributions. The Emission rates in terms of number, surface area and mass were found to be within the ranges from 3.39 × 10 8 part min − 1 to 1.61 × 10 12 part min − 1 , 1.06 × 10 0 mm 2 min − 1 to 1.46 × 10 3 mm 2 min − 1 and 1.32 × 10 − 1 μg min − 1 to 1.23 × 10 2 μg min − 1 , respectively, while the median mode value of the emitted Particles was found equal to 34 nm. In addition, the effect of laser printing Emissions in terms of employees' exposure in offices was evaluated on the basis of the Emission rates, by calculating the daily surface area doses (as sum of alveolar and tracheobronchial deposition fraction) received assuming a typical printing scenario. In such typical printing conditions, a relatively low total surface area dose (2.7 mm 2 ) was estimated for office employees with respect to other indoor microenvironments including both workplaces and homes. Nonetheless, for severe exposure conditions, characterized by operating parameters falling beyond the typical values (i.e. smaller office, lower ventilation, printer located on the desk, closer to the person, higher printing frequency etc.), significantly higher doses are expected.
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airborne Particle Emission of a commercial 3d printer the effect of filament material and printing temperature
Indoor Air, 2017Co-Authors: Luca Stabile, Mauro Scungio, Giorgio Buonanno, Fausto Arpino, Giorgio FiccoAbstract:The knowledge of exposure to the airborne Particle emitted from three-dimensional (3D) printing activities is becoming a crucial issue due to the relevant spreading of such devices in recent years. To this end, a low-cost desktop 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) principle was used. Particle number, alveolar-deposited surface area, and mass concentrations were measured continuously during printing processes to evaluate Particle Emission rates (ERs) and factors. Particle number distribution measurements were also performed to characterize the size of the emitted Particles. Ten different materials and different extrusion temperatures were considered in the survey. Results showed that all the investigated materials emit Particles in the ultrafine range (with a mode in the 10–30-nm range), whereas no Emission of super-micron Particles was detected for all the materials under investigation. The Emission was affected strongly by the extrusion temperature. In fact, the ERs increase as the extrusion temperature increases. Emission rates up to 1×1012 Particles min−1 were calculated. Such high ERs were estimated to cause large alveolar surface area dose in workers when 3D activities run. In fact, a 40-min-long 3D printing was found to cause doses up to 200 mm2.
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ultrafine Particle Emission of waste incinerators and comparison to the exposure of urban citizens
Waste Management, 2015Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Abstract On the basis of the growing interest on the impact of airborne Particles on human exposure as well as the strong debate in Western countries on the Emissions of waste incinerators, this work reviewed existing literature to: (i) show the Emission factors of ultrafine Particles (Particles with a diameter less than 100 nm) of waste incinerators; and (ii) assess the contribution of waste incinerators in terms of ultrafine Particles to exposure and dose of people living in the surrounding areas of the plants in order to estimate eventual risks. The review identified only a limited number of studies measuring ultrafine Particle Emissions, and in general they report low Particle number concentrations at the stack (the median value was equal to 5.5 × 103 part cm−3), in most cases higher than the outdoor background value. The lowest Emissions were achieved by utilization of the bag-house filter which has an overall number-based filtration efficiency higher than 99%. Referring to reference case, the corresponding Emission factor is equal to 9.1 × 1012 part min−1, that is lower than one single high-duty vehicle. Since the higher Particle number concentrations found in the most contributing microenvironments to the exposure (indoor home, transportation, urban outdoor), the contribution of the waste incinerators to the daily dose can be considered as negligible.
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ultrafine Particle Emission from incinerators the role of the fabric filter
Journal of The Air & Waste Management Association, 2012Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Luca Stabile, Mauro Scungio, Werner TirlerAbstract:Incinerators are claimed to be responsible of Particle and gaseous Emissions: to this purpose Best Available Techniques (BAT) are used in the flue-gas treatment sections leading to pollutant Emission lower than established threshold limit values. As regard Particle Emission, only a mass-based threshold limit is required by the regulatory authorities. However, in the last years the attention of medical experts moved from coarse and fine Particles towards ultrafine Particles (UFPs; diameter less than 0.1 μm), mainly emitted by combustion processes. According to toxicological and epidemiological studies, ultrafine Particles could represent a risk for health and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify Particle Emissions from incinerators also to perform an exposure assessment for the human populations living in their surrounding areas. A further topic to be stressed in the UFP Emission from incinerators is the Particle filtration efficiency as function of different flue-gas treatment sections. In ...
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Particle Emission factors during cooking activities
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Lidia Morawska, Luca StabileAbstract:Abstract Exposure to Particles emitted by cooking activities may be responsible for a variety of respiratory health effects. However, the relationship between these exposures and their subsequent effects on health cannot be evaluated without understanding the properties of the emitted aerosol or the main parameters that influence Particle Emissions during cooking. Whilst traffic-related Emissions, stack Emissions and concentrations of ultrafine Particles (UFPs, diameter
Lidia Morawska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of Particle Emission from laser printers
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Mauro Scungio, Luca Stabile, Giorgio Buonanno, Tania Vitanza, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Abstract Emission of Particles from laser printers in office environments is claimed to have impact on human health due to likelihood of exposure to high Particle concentrations in such indoor environments. In the present paper, Particle Emission characteristics of 110 laser printers from different manufacturers were analyzed, and estimations of their Emission rates were made on the basis of measurements of total concentrations of Particles emitted by the printers placed in a chamber, as well as Particle size distributions. The Emission rates in terms of number, surface area and mass were found to be within the ranges from 3.39 × 10 8 part min − 1 to 1.61 × 10 12 part min − 1 , 1.06 × 10 0 mm 2 min − 1 to 1.46 × 10 3 mm 2 min − 1 and 1.32 × 10 − 1 μg min − 1 to 1.23 × 10 2 μg min − 1 , respectively, while the median mode value of the emitted Particles was found equal to 34 nm. In addition, the effect of laser printing Emissions in terms of employees' exposure in offices was evaluated on the basis of the Emission rates, by calculating the daily surface area doses (as sum of alveolar and tracheobronchial deposition fraction) received assuming a typical printing scenario. In such typical printing conditions, a relatively low total surface area dose (2.7 mm 2 ) was estimated for office employees with respect to other indoor microenvironments including both workplaces and homes. Nonetheless, for severe exposure conditions, characterized by operating parameters falling beyond the typical values (i.e. smaller office, lower ventilation, printer located on the desk, closer to the person, higher printing frequency etc.), significantly higher doses are expected.
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ultrafine Particle Emission of waste incinerators and comparison to the exposure of urban citizens
Waste Management, 2015Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Abstract On the basis of the growing interest on the impact of airborne Particles on human exposure as well as the strong debate in Western countries on the Emissions of waste incinerators, this work reviewed existing literature to: (i) show the Emission factors of ultrafine Particles (Particles with a diameter less than 100 nm) of waste incinerators; and (ii) assess the contribution of waste incinerators in terms of ultrafine Particles to exposure and dose of people living in the surrounding areas of the plants in order to estimate eventual risks. The review identified only a limited number of studies measuring ultrafine Particle Emissions, and in general they report low Particle number concentrations at the stack (the median value was equal to 5.5 × 103 part cm−3), in most cases higher than the outdoor background value. The lowest Emissions were achieved by utilization of the bag-house filter which has an overall number-based filtration efficiency higher than 99%. Referring to reference case, the corresponding Emission factor is equal to 9.1 × 1012 part min−1, that is lower than one single high-duty vehicle. Since the higher Particle number concentrations found in the most contributing microenvironments to the exposure (indoor home, transportation, urban outdoor), the contribution of the waste incinerators to the daily dose can be considered as negligible.
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derivation of motor vehicle tailpipe Particle Emission factors suitable for modelling urban fleet Emissions and air quality assessments
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2010Co-Authors: Diane U Keogh, Joe Kelly, Kerrie Mengersen, Rohan Jayaratne, Luis Ferreira, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Background, aim and scope Urban motor vehicle fleets are a major source of particulate matter pollution, especially of ultrafine Particles (diameters < 0.1 µm), and exposure to particulate matter has known serious health effects. A considerable body of literature is available on vehicle Particle Emission factors derived using a wide range of different measurement methods for different Particle sizes, conducted in different parts of the world. Therefore, the choice as to which are the most suitable Particle Emission factors to use in transport modelling and health impact assessments presented as a very difficult task. The aim of this study was to derive a comprehensive set of tailpipe Particle Emission factors for different vehicle and road type combinations, covering the full size range of Particles emitted, which are suitable for modelling urban fleet Emissions.
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Particle Emission factors during cooking activities
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Lidia Morawska, Luca StabileAbstract:Abstract Exposure to Particles emitted by cooking activities may be responsible for a variety of respiratory health effects. However, the relationship between these exposures and their subsequent effects on health cannot be evaluated without understanding the properties of the emitted aerosol or the main parameters that influence Particle Emissions during cooking. Whilst traffic-related Emissions, stack Emissions and concentrations of ultrafine Particles (UFPs, diameter
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Particle Emission factors during cooking activities
2009Co-Authors: Giorgio Buonanno, Luca Stabile, Lidia MorawskaAbstract:Exposure to Particles emitted by cooking activities may be responsible for a variety of respiratory health effects. However, the relationship between these exposures and their subsequent effects on health cannot be evaluated without understanding the properties of the emitted aerosol or the main parameters that influence Particle Emissions during cooking. Whilst traffic-related Emissions, stack Emissions and ultrafine Particle concentrations (UFP, diameter < 100 nm) in urban ambient air have been widely investigated for many years, indoor exposure to UFPs is a relatively new field and in order to evaluate indoor UFP Emissions accurately, it is vital to improve scientific understanding of the main parameters that influence Particle number, surface area and mass Emissions. The main purpose of this study was to characterise the Particle Emissions produced during grilling and frying as a function of the food, source, cooking temperature and type of oil. Emission factors, along with Particle number concentrations and size distributions were determined in the size range 0.006-20 m using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). An infrared camera was used to measure the temperature field. Overall, increased Emission factors were observed to be a function of increased cooking temperatures. Cooking fatty foods also produced higher Particle Emission factors than vegetables, mainly in terms of mass concentration, and Particle Emission factors also varied significantly according to the type of oil used.
Ulf Olofsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of humidity on the tribological behaviour and airborne Particle Emissions of railway brake block materials
Tribology International, 2018Co-Authors: Yezhe Lyu, Ellen Bergseth, Ulf OlofssonAbstract:A pin-on-disc tribometer placed in a one-way ventilated chamber was used to investigate the effect of relative humidity on the tribology and airborne Particle Emission of three commercial railway b ...
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tribology of the wheel rail contact aspects of wear Particle Emission and adhesion
Vehicle System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Ulf Olofsson, Yi Zhu, Saeed Abbasi, R Lewis, S R LewisAbstract:The wheel–rail contact is a safety critical interface. Wear, Particle Emission and adhesion are all wheel–rail contact phenomena and are discussed here. All three phenomena are material and system parameters and are linked together. Different countermeasures to one phenomenon such as adhesion enhancement with a friction modifier can increase the wear in the contacting bodies. The wear of railway wheels and rail is linked to the number of airborne Particles generated, but the exact number and size distribution of the aerosols is unknown. The main objective of this study is to review the recent work in this field and to discuss future trends.
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tribology of the wheel rail contact aspects of wear Particle Emission and adhesion
Vehicle System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Ulf Olofsson, Yi Zhu, Saeed Abbasi, R Lewis, S R LewisAbstract:The wheel−rail contact is a safety critical interface. Wear, Particle Emission and adhesion are all wheel−rail contact phenomena and are discussed here. All three phenomena are material and system ...
B Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beta delayed Particle Emission from 21mg
European Physical Journal A, 2018Co-Authors: Yuting Wang, Deqing Fang, K Wang, L J Sun, Zhen Bai, Pengfei Bao, Xiguang Cao, Zhitao Dai, B DingAbstract:The -delayed Particle Emission from 21 Mg was studied at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL1). Silicon array and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors were used to detect the charged Particles and -rays emitted from the decay. Half-life time of 21 Mg was determined to be 121.9(6) ms. New levels (5.639(26) MeV and 6.644(34) MeV) in the nucleus 21 Na were observed. An improved proton spectrum coincident with -rays at 1.633 MeV was obtained. A new partial decay scheme was constructed based on the present measurement.
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beta β delayed Particle Emission from 21 mg
European Physical Journal A, 2018Co-Authors: Yuting Wang, Deqing Fang, K Wang, L J Sun, Zhen Bai, Pengfei Bao, Xiguang Cao, Zhitao Dai, B DingAbstract:The $\beta$ -delayed Particle Emission from 21Mg was studied at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL1). Silicon array and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors were used to detect the charged Particles and $\gamma$ -rays emitted from the decay. Half-life time of 21Mg was determined to be 121.9(6) ms. New levels (5.639(26) MeV and 6.644(34) MeV) in the nucleus 21Na were observed. An improved proton spectrum coincident with $\gamma$ -rays at 1.633 MeV was obtained. A new partial decay scheme was constructed based on the present measurement.
K Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beta delayed Particle Emission from 21mg
European Physical Journal A, 2018Co-Authors: Yuting Wang, Deqing Fang, K Wang, L J Sun, Zhen Bai, Pengfei Bao, Xiguang Cao, Zhitao Dai, B DingAbstract:The -delayed Particle Emission from 21 Mg was studied at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL1). Silicon array and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors were used to detect the charged Particles and -rays emitted from the decay. Half-life time of 21 Mg was determined to be 121.9(6) ms. New levels (5.639(26) MeV and 6.644(34) MeV) in the nucleus 21 Na were observed. An improved proton spectrum coincident with -rays at 1.633 MeV was obtained. A new partial decay scheme was constructed based on the present measurement.
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beta β delayed Particle Emission from 21 mg
European Physical Journal A, 2018Co-Authors: Yuting Wang, Deqing Fang, K Wang, L J Sun, Zhen Bai, Pengfei Bao, Xiguang Cao, Zhitao Dai, B DingAbstract:The $\beta$ -delayed Particle Emission from 21Mg was studied at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL1). Silicon array and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors were used to detect the charged Particles and $\gamma$ -rays emitted from the decay. Half-life time of 21Mg was determined to be 121.9(6) ms. New levels (5.639(26) MeV and 6.644(34) MeV) in the nucleus 21Na were observed. An improved proton spectrum coincident with $\gamma$ -rays at 1.633 MeV was obtained. A new partial decay scheme was constructed based on the present measurement.
