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Ralph J Portier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pecan shell based granular activated carbon for treatment of chemical oxygen demand cod in municipal wastewater
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The present investigation was undertaken to compare the adsorption efficiency of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbon with the adsorption efficiency of the commercial carbon Filtrasorb 200 with respect to uptake of the organic components responsible for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of municipal wastewater. Adsorption efficiencies for these two sets of carbons (experimental and commercial) were analyzed by the Freundlich adsorption model. The results indicate that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell-based carbons had higher adsorption for organic matter measured as COD, than carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell-based carbon or Filtrasorb 200 at all the carbon dosages used during the experiment. The higher adsorption may be related to surface area as the two carbons with the highest surface area also had the highest organic matter adsorption. These results show that granular activated carbons made from agricultural waste (Pecan shells) can be used with greater effectiveness for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater than a coal-based commercial carbon.
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adsorption of volatile organic compounds by Pecan shell and almond shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of using Pecan and almond shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of health concern and known toxic compounds (such as bromo-dichloromethane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1-dichloromethane) compared to the adsorption efficiency of commercially used carbons (such as Filtrasorb 200, Calgon GRC-20, and Waterlinks 206C AW) in simulated test medium. The Pecan shell-based GACs were activated using steam, carbon dioxide or phosphoric acid. An almond shell-based GAC was activated with phosphoric acid. Our results indicated that steam- or carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were superior in total VOC adsorption to phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell or almond shell carbons, inferring that the method of activation selected for the preparation of activated carbons affected the adsorption of VOCs and hence are factors to be considered in any adsorption process. The steam-activated, Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more total VOCs than the other experimental carbons and had an adsorption profile similar to the two coconut shell-based commercial carbons, but had greater adsorption than the coal-based commercial carbon. All the carbons studied adsorbed benzene more effectively than the other organics. Pecan shell, steam-activated and acid-activated GACs showed higher adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane than the other carbons studied. Multivariate analysis was conducted to group experimental carbons and commercial carbons based on their physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. The results of the analysis conclude that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell carbons clustered together with coal-based and coconut shell-based commercial carbons, thus inferring that these experimental carbons could potentially be used as alternative sources for VOC adsorption in an aqueous environment.
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adsorption of metal ions by Pecan shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ramu M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption effectiveness of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in removing metal ions (Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ ) commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. Pecan shells were activated by phosphoric acid, steam or carbon dioxide activation methods. Metal ion adsorption of shell-based GACs was compared to the metal ion adsorption of a commercial carbon, namely, Calgon’s Filtrasorb 200. Adsorption experiments were conducted using solutions containing all three metal ions in order to investigate the competitive effects of the metal ions as would occur in contaminated wastewater. The results obtained from this study showed that acid-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more lead ion and zinc ion than any of the other carbons, especially at carbon doses of 0.2–1.0%. However, steam-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more copper ion than the other carbons, particularly using carbon doses above 0.2%. In general, Filtrasorb 200 and carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were poor metal ion adsorbents. The results indicate that acid- and steam-activated Pecan shell-based GACs are effective metal ion adsorbents and can potentially replace typical coal-based GACs in treatment of metal contaminated wastewater.
Wayne E Marshall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pecan shell based granular activated carbon for treatment of chemical oxygen demand cod in municipal wastewater
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The present investigation was undertaken to compare the adsorption efficiency of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbon with the adsorption efficiency of the commercial carbon Filtrasorb 200 with respect to uptake of the organic components responsible for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of municipal wastewater. Adsorption efficiencies for these two sets of carbons (experimental and commercial) were analyzed by the Freundlich adsorption model. The results indicate that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell-based carbons had higher adsorption for organic matter measured as COD, than carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell-based carbon or Filtrasorb 200 at all the carbon dosages used during the experiment. The higher adsorption may be related to surface area as the two carbons with the highest surface area also had the highest organic matter adsorption. These results show that granular activated carbons made from agricultural waste (Pecan shells) can be used with greater effectiveness for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater than a coal-based commercial carbon.
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adsorption of volatile organic compounds by Pecan shell and almond shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of using Pecan and almond shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of health concern and known toxic compounds (such as bromo-dichloromethane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1-dichloromethane) compared to the adsorption efficiency of commercially used carbons (such as Filtrasorb 200, Calgon GRC-20, and Waterlinks 206C AW) in simulated test medium. The Pecan shell-based GACs were activated using steam, carbon dioxide or phosphoric acid. An almond shell-based GAC was activated with phosphoric acid. Our results indicated that steam- or carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were superior in total VOC adsorption to phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell or almond shell carbons, inferring that the method of activation selected for the preparation of activated carbons affected the adsorption of VOCs and hence are factors to be considered in any adsorption process. The steam-activated, Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more total VOCs than the other experimental carbons and had an adsorption profile similar to the two coconut shell-based commercial carbons, but had greater adsorption than the coal-based commercial carbon. All the carbons studied adsorbed benzene more effectively than the other organics. Pecan shell, steam-activated and acid-activated GACs showed higher adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane than the other carbons studied. Multivariate analysis was conducted to group experimental carbons and commercial carbons based on their physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. The results of the analysis conclude that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell carbons clustered together with coal-based and coconut shell-based commercial carbons, thus inferring that these experimental carbons could potentially be used as alternative sources for VOC adsorption in an aqueous environment.
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adsorption of metal ions by Pecan shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ramu M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption effectiveness of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in removing metal ions (Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ ) commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. Pecan shells were activated by phosphoric acid, steam or carbon dioxide activation methods. Metal ion adsorption of shell-based GACs was compared to the metal ion adsorption of a commercial carbon, namely, Calgon’s Filtrasorb 200. Adsorption experiments were conducted using solutions containing all three metal ions in order to investigate the competitive effects of the metal ions as would occur in contaminated wastewater. The results obtained from this study showed that acid-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more lead ion and zinc ion than any of the other carbons, especially at carbon doses of 0.2–1.0%. However, steam-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more copper ion than the other carbons, particularly using carbon doses above 0.2%. In general, Filtrasorb 200 and carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were poor metal ion adsorbents. The results indicate that acid- and steam-activated Pecan shell-based GACs are effective metal ion adsorbents and can potentially replace typical coal-based GACs in treatment of metal contaminated wastewater.
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freundlich adsorption isotherms of agricultural by product based powdered activated carbons in a geosmin water system
Bioresource Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M RaoAbstract:The present study was designed to model the adsorption of geosmin from water under laboratory conditions using the Freundlich isotherm model. This model was used to compare the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse and Pecan shell-based powdered activated carbon to the efficiency of a coal-based commercial activated carbon (Calgon Filtrasorb 400). When data were generated from Freundlich isotherms, Calgon Filtrasorb 400 had greater geosmin adsorption at all geosmin concentrations studied than the laboratory produced steam-activated Pecan shell carbon, steam-activated bagasse carbon, and the CO2-activated Pecan shell carbon. At geosmin concentrations < 0.07 microg/l for the phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell carbon and below 0.08 microg/l for a commercially produced steam-activated Pecan shell carbon obtained from Scientific Carbons, these two carbons had a higher calculated geosmin adsorption than Filtrasorb 400. While the commercial carbon was more efficient than some laboratory prepared carbons at most geosmin concentrations, the results indicate that when the amount of geosmin was below the threshold level of human taste (about 0.10 microg/l), the phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell carbon and the Scientific Carbons sample were more efficient than Filtrasorb 400 at geosmin removal.
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physical and chemical properties of selected agricultural byproduct based activated carbons and their ability to adsorb geosmin
Bioresource Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M RaoAbstract:The objectives of this study were to evaluate selected physical and chemical properties of agricultural byproduct-based activated carbons made from Pecan shells and sugarcane bagasse, and compare those properties to a commercial coal-based activated carbon as well as to compare the adsorption efficiency of these carbons for geosmin. Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of Pecan shell- and bagasse-based carbons to the commercial carbon, Calgon Filtrasorb 400, showed that Pecan shell carbon, but not the bagasse carbon, compared favorably to Filtrasorb 400, especially in terms of surface area, bulk density, ash and attrition. A carbon dosage study done in a model system showed the amount of geosmin adsorbed to be greater for Filtrasorb 400 and the bagasse-based carbon at low carbon concentrations than for the Pecan shell carbons, but geosmin adsorption was similar in all carbons at higher carbon dosages. Application of the Freundlich isotherm model to the adsorption data showed that carbons made by steam activation of Pecan shells or sugarcane bagasse had geosmin adsorption characteristics most like those of the commercial carbon. In terms of physical, chemical and adsorptive properties, steam-activated Pecan shell carbon most resembled the commercial carbon and has the potential to replace Filtrasorb 400 in applications involving removal of geosmin from aqueous environments.
Jack N Losso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pecan shell based granular activated carbon for treatment of chemical oxygen demand cod in municipal wastewater
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The present investigation was undertaken to compare the adsorption efficiency of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbon with the adsorption efficiency of the commercial carbon Filtrasorb 200 with respect to uptake of the organic components responsible for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of municipal wastewater. Adsorption efficiencies for these two sets of carbons (experimental and commercial) were analyzed by the Freundlich adsorption model. The results indicate that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell-based carbons had higher adsorption for organic matter measured as COD, than carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell-based carbon or Filtrasorb 200 at all the carbon dosages used during the experiment. The higher adsorption may be related to surface area as the two carbons with the highest surface area also had the highest organic matter adsorption. These results show that granular activated carbons made from agricultural waste (Pecan shells) can be used with greater effectiveness for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater than a coal-based commercial carbon.
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adsorption of volatile organic compounds by Pecan shell and almond shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of using Pecan and almond shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of health concern and known toxic compounds (such as bromo-dichloromethane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,1-dichloromethane) compared to the adsorption efficiency of commercially used carbons (such as Filtrasorb 200, Calgon GRC-20, and Waterlinks 206C AW) in simulated test medium. The Pecan shell-based GACs were activated using steam, carbon dioxide or phosphoric acid. An almond shell-based GAC was activated with phosphoric acid. Our results indicated that steam- or carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were superior in total VOC adsorption to phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell or almond shell carbons, inferring that the method of activation selected for the preparation of activated carbons affected the adsorption of VOCs and hence are factors to be considered in any adsorption process. The steam-activated, Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more total VOCs than the other experimental carbons and had an adsorption profile similar to the two coconut shell-based commercial carbons, but had greater adsorption than the coal-based commercial carbon. All the carbons studied adsorbed benzene more effectively than the other organics. Pecan shell, steam-activated and acid-activated GACs showed higher adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane than the other carbons studied. Multivariate analysis was conducted to group experimental carbons and commercial carbons based on their physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. The results of the analysis conclude that steam-activated and acid-activated Pecan shell carbons clustered together with coal-based and coconut shell-based commercial carbons, thus inferring that these experimental carbons could potentially be used as alternative sources for VOC adsorption in an aqueous environment.
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adsorption of metal ions by Pecan shell based granular activated carbons
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Rishipal R Bansode, Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, Ramu M Rao, Ralph J PortierAbstract:Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption effectiveness of Pecan shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in removing metal ions (Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ ) commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. Pecan shells were activated by phosphoric acid, steam or carbon dioxide activation methods. Metal ion adsorption of shell-based GACs was compared to the metal ion adsorption of a commercial carbon, namely, Calgon’s Filtrasorb 200. Adsorption experiments were conducted using solutions containing all three metal ions in order to investigate the competitive effects of the metal ions as would occur in contaminated wastewater. The results obtained from this study showed that acid-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more lead ion and zinc ion than any of the other carbons, especially at carbon doses of 0.2–1.0%. However, steam-activated Pecan shell carbon adsorbed more copper ion than the other carbons, particularly using carbon doses above 0.2%. In general, Filtrasorb 200 and carbon dioxide-activated Pecan shell carbons were poor metal ion adsorbents. The results indicate that acid- and steam-activated Pecan shell-based GACs are effective metal ion adsorbents and can potentially replace typical coal-based GACs in treatment of metal contaminated wastewater.
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freundlich adsorption isotherms of agricultural by product based powdered activated carbons in a geosmin water system
Bioresource Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M RaoAbstract:The present study was designed to model the adsorption of geosmin from water under laboratory conditions using the Freundlich isotherm model. This model was used to compare the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse and Pecan shell-based powdered activated carbon to the efficiency of a coal-based commercial activated carbon (Calgon Filtrasorb 400). When data were generated from Freundlich isotherms, Calgon Filtrasorb 400 had greater geosmin adsorption at all geosmin concentrations studied than the laboratory produced steam-activated Pecan shell carbon, steam-activated bagasse carbon, and the CO2-activated Pecan shell carbon. At geosmin concentrations < 0.07 microg/l for the phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell carbon and below 0.08 microg/l for a commercially produced steam-activated Pecan shell carbon obtained from Scientific Carbons, these two carbons had a higher calculated geosmin adsorption than Filtrasorb 400. While the commercial carbon was more efficient than some laboratory prepared carbons at most geosmin concentrations, the results indicate that when the amount of geosmin was below the threshold level of human taste (about 0.10 microg/l), the phosphoric acid-activated Pecan shell carbon and the Scientific Carbons sample were more efficient than Filtrasorb 400 at geosmin removal.
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physical and chemical properties of selected agricultural byproduct based activated carbons and their ability to adsorb geosmin
Bioresource Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Jack N Losso, Wayne E Marshall, R M RaoAbstract:The objectives of this study were to evaluate selected physical and chemical properties of agricultural byproduct-based activated carbons made from Pecan shells and sugarcane bagasse, and compare those properties to a commercial coal-based activated carbon as well as to compare the adsorption efficiency of these carbons for geosmin. Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of Pecan shell- and bagasse-based carbons to the commercial carbon, Calgon Filtrasorb 400, showed that Pecan shell carbon, but not the bagasse carbon, compared favorably to Filtrasorb 400, especially in terms of surface area, bulk density, ash and attrition. A carbon dosage study done in a model system showed the amount of geosmin adsorbed to be greater for Filtrasorb 400 and the bagasse-based carbon at low carbon concentrations than for the Pecan shell carbons, but geosmin adsorption was similar in all carbons at higher carbon dosages. Application of the Freundlich isotherm model to the adsorption data showed that carbons made by steam activation of Pecan shells or sugarcane bagasse had geosmin adsorption characteristics most like those of the commercial carbon. In terms of physical, chemical and adsorptive properties, steam-activated Pecan shell carbon most resembled the commercial carbon and has the potential to replace Filtrasorb 400 in applications involving removal of geosmin from aqueous environments.
Gregory Bonito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil ph and mineral nutrients strongly influence truffles and other ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with commercial Pecans carya illinoinensis
Plant and Soil, 2017Co-Authors: Gregory Bonito, Zaiwei Ge, T B Brenneman, Matthew E SmithAbstract:Pecan truffles (Tuber lyonii) have high commercial value and the potential to be produced in a dual-cropping system with Pecan. However, little is known about the linkages among ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity, community structure, and environmental factors in Pecan orchard ecosystems. Our aim is to investigate how soil pH and other edaphic factors influence the richness and composition of ECM fungi. We characterized the soil factors and ECM fungal community associated with Pecan and adjacent native trees with 454 pyrosequencing at a regional scale, and tested whether the effects of pH and soil factors altered the ECM fungal communities. Overall ECM fungal diversity associated with Pecan trees was high and about a third of all taxa were shared with native trees adjacent to orchards. The community structure was correlated significantly with soil variables including K, Ca, Mg, Mn, P, Zn and soil pH, but not organic matter. Soil pH was positively correlated with species diversity in the /tuber-helvella, /galactinia, /pachyphloeus-amylascus, and /pisolithus-scleroderma lineages. pH and soil factors play a key role in regulating the ECM fungal communities in Pecan orchards. The frequency and abundance of the Pecan truffle and related species is positively and significantly correlated with higher soil pH.
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mycorrhization of Pecan carya illinoinensis with black truffles tuber melanosporum and tuber brumale
Mycorrhiza, 2017Co-Authors: Giorgio Marozzi, Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Gregory Bonito, Leonardo Baciarelli Falini, Sergio Sanchez, Emidio Albertini, Domizia DonniniAbstract:Pecan, Carya illinoinensis, is an economically important nut producing tree that can establish ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with a high diversity of fungi. In the southern USA, truffles (Tuber spp.) sometimes fruit prolifically in cultivated Pecan orchards and regularly associate with Pecan roots as ectomycorrhizae (ECMs). It has been demonstrated that some valuable European truffle species (e.g., Tuber borchii and Tuber aestivum) can form ECMs with Pecan seedlings in nursery conditions. Thus, Pecan may represent an attractive alternative host to forest trees for truffle growers given the potential for co-cropping truffles and Pecans. To further explore the capacity of Pecan to host truffle symbionts, Pecan seedlings were inoculated with species of black truffles that are economically important in Europe, T. melanosporum and T. brumale. Ectomycorrhizae were characterized molecularly and their morphology was described in detail. Mycorrhization rates on Pecan roots were assessed over a 2-year period. Tuber melanosporum and T. brumale produced well-formed ECMs with a level of root colonization in the first year of 37.3 and 34.5%, respectively. After 24 months, the level of mycorrhization increased for T. brumale (49.4%) and decreased for T. melanosporum (10.5%) inversely to that of non-target ECM greenhouse contaminants (e.g., Sphaerosporella brunnea, Trichophaea woolhopeia, Pulvinula constellatio). To assess whether mating types segregated in T. melanosporum as been reported for other host species, we amplified the mating-type locus from single T. melanosporum ECM belonging to different seedlings over a 2-year period. The two mating idiomorphs were nearly equally represented along the 2-year time span: MAT 1-1-1 decreased from 59.4% in the first year to 48.5% in the second year after inoculation. Data reported in this study add to knowledge on the mycorrhization of Pecan trees with commercial truffles and has application to truffle and nut co-cropping systems.
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mycorrhization of Pecan carya illinoinensis with black truffles tuber melanosporum and tuber brumale
Mycorrhiza, 2017Co-Authors: Giorgio Marozzi, Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Gregory Bonito, Leonardo Baciarelli Falini, Sergio Sanchez, Emidio Albertini, Domizia DonniniAbstract:Pecan, Carya illinoinensis, is an economically important nut producing tree that can establish ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with a high diversity of fungi. In the southern USA, truffles (Tuber spp.) sometimes fruit prolifically in cultivated Pecan orchards and regularly associate with Pecan roots as ectomycorrhizae (ECMs). It has been demonstrated that some valuable European truffle species (e.g., Tuber borchii and Tuber aestivum) can form ECMs with Pecan seedlings in nursery conditions. Thus, Pecan may represent an attractive alternative host to forest trees for truffle growers given the potential for co-cropping truffles and Pecans. To further explore the capacity of Pecan to host truffle symbionts, Pecan seedlings were inoculated with species of black truffles that are economically important in Europe, T. melanosporum and T. brumale. Ectomycorrhizae were characterized molecularly and their morphology was described in detail. Mycorrhization rates on Pecan roots were assessed over a 2-year period. Tuber melanosporum and T. brumale produced well-formed ECMs with a level of root colonization in the first year of 37.3 and 34.5%, respectively. After 24 months, the level of mycorrhization increased for T. brumale (49.4%) and decreased for T. melanosporum (10.5%) inversely to that of non-target ECM greenhouse contaminants (e.g., Sphaerosporella brunnea, Trichophaea woolhopeia, Pulvinula constellatio). To assess whether mating types segregated in T. melanosporum as been reported for other host species, we amplified the mating-type locus from single T. melanosporum ECM belonging to different seedlings over a 2-year period. The two mating idiomorphs were nearly equally represented along the 2-year time span: MAT 1-1-1 decreased from 59.4% in the first year to 48.5% in the second year after inoculation. Data reported in this study add to knowledge on the mycorrhization of Pecan trees with commercial truffles and has application to truffle and nut co-cropping systems.
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mycorrhizal inoculation of Pecan seedlings with some marketable truffles
Acta Mycologica, 2012Co-Authors: Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Gregory Bonito, Leonardo Baciarelli Falini, Mattia Bencivenga, Domizia DonniniAbstract:Pecan is the common name of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, an ectomycorrhizal tree native to North America, also frequently known as hickory. Mycorrhizal inoculations of Pecan seedlings with: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. indicum Cooke & Massee, and T. lyonii Butters are described and discussed.
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mycorrhization of Pecan trees carya illinoinensis with commercial truffle species tuber aestivum vittad and tuber borchii vittad
Mycorrhiza, 2012Co-Authors: Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Gregory Bonito, Leonardo Baciarelli Falini, Mattia BencivengaAbstract:Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an economically important nut tree native to the Mississippi basin and cultivated worldwide. In North America, species of truffles are regularly found fruiting in productive Pecan orchards and the truffle genus Tuber appears to be abundant in Pecan ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities. As an initial step to determine the feasibility of co-cropping European truffle species with Pecan, we evaluated whether mycorrhizae of highly esteemed European truffle species (Tuber aestivum Vittad. T. borchii and T. macrosporum) could be formed on Pecan seedlings. Seedlings were inoculated with truffle spores and were grown in a greenhouse for 10 months. Levels of EM colonization were estimated visually and quantified by counting EM tips. Ectomycorrhizae were identified both morphologically and molecularly with species-specific amplification and by sequencing of the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Both T. borchii and T. aestivum spores produced well-formed ectomycorrhizae on Pecan seedlings with average root colonization levels of about 62% and 42%, respectively, whereas no ectomycorrhizae of T. macrosporum were formed. The anatomy and morphology of these truffle ectomycorrhizae on Pecan was characterized. The co-cropping of T. aestivum and T. borchii may hold promise as an additional stream of revenue to Pecan growers, although, further studies are needed to assess whether this symbiosis is maintained after planting in the field and whether truffle production can be supported by this host species.
Shridhar K. Sathe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cloning and characterization of an 11S legumin, Car i 4, a major allergen in Pecan.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Girdhari M. Sharma, Hugh A. Sampson, Kenneth H. Roux, Andre Irsigler, Pushparani Dhanarajan, Rosalia Ayuso, Luda Bardina, Shridhar K. SatheAbstract:Among tree nut allergens, Pecan allergens remain to be identified and characterized. The objective was to demonstrate the IgE-binding ability of Pecan 11S legumin and characterize its sequential IgE-binding epitopes. The 11S legumin gene was amplified from a Pecan cDNA library and expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The native 11S legumin in Pecan extract was identified by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Sequential epitopes were determined by probing the overlapping peptides with three serum pools prepared from different patients' sera. A three-dimensional model was generated using almond legumin as a template and compared with known sequential epitopes on other allergenic tree nut homologues. Of 28 patients tested by dot blot, 16 (57%) bound to 11S legumin, designated Car i 4. MS/MS sequencing of native 11S legumin identified 33 kDa acidic and 20-22 kDa basic subunits. Both Pecan and walnut seed protein extracts inhibited IgE binding to recombinant Car i 4, suggesting cross-reactivity with Jug r 4. Sequential epitope mapping results of Car i 4 revealed weak, moderate, and strong reactivity of serum pools against 10, 5, and 4 peptides, respectively. Seven peptides were recognized by all three serum pools, of which two were strongly reactive. The strongly reactive peptides were located in three discrete regions of the Car i 4 acidic subunit sequence (residues 118-132, 208-219, and 238-249). Homology modeling of Car i 4 revealed significant overlapping regions shared in common with other tree nut legumins.
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biochemical characterization of soluble proteins in Pecan carya illinoinensis wangenh k koch
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Mahesh Venkatachalam, Kenneth H. Roux, Shridhar K. SatheAbstract:Pecans (cv. Desirable) contained ∼10% protein on a dry weight basis. The minimum nitrogen solubility (5.9−7.5%) at 0.25−0.75 M trichloroacetic acid represented the nonprotein nitrogen. Among the solvents assessed for protein solubilization, 0.1 M NaOH was the most effective, while borate saline buffer (pH 8.45) was judged to be optimal for protein solubilization. The protein solubility was minimal in the pH range of 3−7 and significantly increased on either side of this pH range. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 0 to 4 M significantly improved (∼8-fold increase) protein solubilization. Following Osborne protein fractionation, the alkali-soluble glutelin fraction (60.1%) accounted for a major portion of Pecan proteins followed by globulin (31.5%), prolamin (3.4%), and albumin (1.5%), respectively. The majority of Pecan polypeptides were in the molecular mass range of 12−66 kDa and in the pI range of 4.0−8.3. The Pecan globulin fraction was characterized by the presence of several glycoprotein polypep...
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biochemical composition and immunological comparison of select Pecan carya illinoinensis wangenh k koch cultivars
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Mahesh Venkatachalam, Kenneth H. Roux, Tommy E. Thompson, Harshal H Kshirsagar, Navindra P Seeram, David Heber, Shridhar K. SatheAbstract:On an edible portion basis, Pecan moisture, protein, lipid, total soluble sugars, and ash contents ranged from 2.1% to 6.4%, 6.0% to 11.3%, 65.9% to 78.0%, 3.3% to 5.3%, and 1.2% to 1.8%, respectively. With the exception of a high tannin (2.7%) Texas seedling, Pecan tannin content was in a narrow range (0.6–1.85%). Unsaturated fatty acids (>90%) dominated Pecan lipid composition with oleic (52.52–74.09%) and linoleic (17.69–37.52%) acids as the predominant unsaturated fatty acids. Location significantly influenced Pecan biochemical composition. Pecan lipid content was negatively correlated with protein (r = −0.663) and total sugar (r = −0.625). Among the samples tested using SDS–PAGE a common pattern, with minor differences, in subunit polypeptide profiles was revealed. Rabbit polyclonal antibody-based immunoblotting experiments (Western blot) also illustrated the similarity in polypeptide profiles with respect to immunoreactivity. All tested cultivars registered similar immunoreactivity when their protei...
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antigenic stability of Pecan carya illinoinensis wangenh k koch proteins effects of thermal treatments and in vitro digestion
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Mahesh Venkatachalam, Kenneth H. Roux, Suzanne S Teuber, Rich W Peterson, Shridhar K. SatheAbstract:Rabbit polyclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA as well as immunoblotting analyses of proteins extracted from variously processed Pecans (cv. Desirable) indicate that Pecan proteins are antigenically stable. Pecan antigens were more sensitive to moist heat than dry heat processing treatments. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis of the native and heat-denatured proteins that were previously subjected to in vitro simulated gastric fluid digestions indicate that stable antigenic peptides were produced. Both enzyme-to-substrate ratio and digestion time were influential in determining the stability of Pecan polypeptides. The stable antigenic polypeptides may serve as useful markers in developing assays suitable for the detection of trace amounts of Pecans in foods.