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Matthew Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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iPersea : The Improved Persea with Sybil Detection Mechanism
arXiv: Cryptography and Security, 2014Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are highly susceptible to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker creates a large number of identities and uses them to control a substantial fraction of the system. Persea is the most recent approach towards designing a social network based Sybil-resistant DHT. Unlike prior Sybil-resistant P2P systems based on social networks, Persea does not rely on two key assumptions: (i) that the social network is fast mixing, and (ii) that there is a small ratio of attack edges to honest peers. Both assumptions have been shown to be unreliable in real social networks. The hierarchical distribution of node IDs in Persea confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system and its replication mechanism lets a peer to retrieve the desired results even if a given region is occupied by attackers. However, Persea system suffers from certain limitations, since it cannot handle the scenario, where the malicious target returns an incorrect result instead of just ignoring the lookup request. In this paper, we address this major limitation of Persea through a Sybil detection mechanism built on top of Persea system, which accommodates inspection lookup, a specially designed lookup scheme to detect the Sybil nodes based on their responses to the lookup query. We design a scheme to filter those detected Sybils to ensure the participation of honest nodes on the lookup path during regular DHT lookup. Since the malicious nodes are opt-out from the lookup path in our system, they cannot return any incorrect result during regular lookup. We evaluate our system in simulations with social network datasets and the results show that catster, the largest network in our simulation with 149700 nodes and 5449275 edges, gains 100% lookup success rate, even when the number of attack edges is equal to the number of benign peers in the network.
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AsiaCCS - Design and evaluation of Persea, a sybil-resistant DHT
Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Information computer and communications security, 2014Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are inherently vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker creates a large number of identities and uses them to control a substantial fraction of the system. We propose Persea, a novel P2P system that derives its Sybil resistance by assigning IDs through a bootstrap tree, the graph of how nodes have joined the system through invitations. Unlike prior Sybil-resistant P2P systems based on social networks, Persea does not rely on two key assumptions: (1) that the social network is fast mixing and (2) that there is a small ratio of attack edges to honest nodes. Both assumptions have been shown to be unreliable in real social networks. A node joins Persea when it gets an invitation from an existing node in the system. The inviting node assigns a node ID to the joining node and gives it a chunk of node IDs for further distribution. For each chunk of ID space, the attacker needs to socially engineer a connection to another node already in the system. The hierarchical distribution of node IDs confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system. We then build upon this hierarchical ID space to make a distributed hash table (DHT) based on the Kad network. The Persea DHT uses a replication mechanism in which each (key, value) pair is stored in nodes that are evenly spaced over the network. Thus, even if a given region is occupied by attackers, the desired (key, value pair can be retrieved from other regions. We evaluate Persea in analysis and in simulations with social network datasets and show that it provides better lookup success rates than prior work with modest overheads.
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CODASPY - Persea: a sybil-resistant social DHT
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Data and application security and privacy - CODASPY '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are inherently vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker can have a large number of identities and use them to control a substantial fraction of the system. We propose Persea, a novel P2P system that is more robust against Sybil attacks than prior approaches. Persea derives its Sybil resistance by assigning IDs through a bootstrap tree, the graph of how nodes have joined the system through invitations. More specifically, a node joins Persea when it gets an invitation from an existing node in the system. The inviting node assigns a node ID to the joining node and gives it a chunk of node IDs for further distribution. For each chunk of ID space, the attacker needs to socially engineer a connection to another node already in the system. This hierarchical distribution of node IDs confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system. Persea uses a replication mechanism in which each (key,value) pair is stored in nodes that are evenly spaced over the network. Thus, even if a given region is occupied by attackers, the desired (key,value) pair can be retrieved from other regions. We compare our results with Kad, Whanau, and X-Vine and show that Persea is a better solution against Sybil attacks.
Nasrullah Al-ameen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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iPersea : The Improved Persea with Sybil Detection Mechanism
arXiv: Cryptography and Security, 2014Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are highly susceptible to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker creates a large number of identities and uses them to control a substantial fraction of the system. Persea is the most recent approach towards designing a social network based Sybil-resistant DHT. Unlike prior Sybil-resistant P2P systems based on social networks, Persea does not rely on two key assumptions: (i) that the social network is fast mixing, and (ii) that there is a small ratio of attack edges to honest peers. Both assumptions have been shown to be unreliable in real social networks. The hierarchical distribution of node IDs in Persea confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system and its replication mechanism lets a peer to retrieve the desired results even if a given region is occupied by attackers. However, Persea system suffers from certain limitations, since it cannot handle the scenario, where the malicious target returns an incorrect result instead of just ignoring the lookup request. In this paper, we address this major limitation of Persea through a Sybil detection mechanism built on top of Persea system, which accommodates inspection lookup, a specially designed lookup scheme to detect the Sybil nodes based on their responses to the lookup query. We design a scheme to filter those detected Sybils to ensure the participation of honest nodes on the lookup path during regular DHT lookup. Since the malicious nodes are opt-out from the lookup path in our system, they cannot return any incorrect result during regular lookup. We evaluate our system in simulations with social network datasets and the results show that catster, the largest network in our simulation with 149700 nodes and 5449275 edges, gains 100% lookup success rate, even when the number of attack edges is equal to the number of benign peers in the network.
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AsiaCCS - Design and evaluation of Persea, a sybil-resistant DHT
Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Information computer and communications security, 2014Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are inherently vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker creates a large number of identities and uses them to control a substantial fraction of the system. We propose Persea, a novel P2P system that derives its Sybil resistance by assigning IDs through a bootstrap tree, the graph of how nodes have joined the system through invitations. Unlike prior Sybil-resistant P2P systems based on social networks, Persea does not rely on two key assumptions: (1) that the social network is fast mixing and (2) that there is a small ratio of attack edges to honest nodes. Both assumptions have been shown to be unreliable in real social networks. A node joins Persea when it gets an invitation from an existing node in the system. The inviting node assigns a node ID to the joining node and gives it a chunk of node IDs for further distribution. For each chunk of ID space, the attacker needs to socially engineer a connection to another node already in the system. The hierarchical distribution of node IDs confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system. We then build upon this hierarchical ID space to make a distributed hash table (DHT) based on the Kad network. The Persea DHT uses a replication mechanism in which each (key, value) pair is stored in nodes that are evenly spaced over the network. Thus, even if a given region is occupied by attackers, the desired (key, value pair can be retrieved from other regions. We evaluate Persea in analysis and in simulations with social network datasets and show that it provides better lookup success rates than prior work with modest overheads.
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CODASPY - Persea: a sybil-resistant social DHT
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Data and application security and privacy - CODASPY '13, 2013Co-Authors: Nasrullah Al-ameen, Matthew WrightAbstract:P2P systems are inherently vulnerable to Sybil attacks, in which an attacker can have a large number of identities and use them to control a substantial fraction of the system. We propose Persea, a novel P2P system that is more robust against Sybil attacks than prior approaches. Persea derives its Sybil resistance by assigning IDs through a bootstrap tree, the graph of how nodes have joined the system through invitations. More specifically, a node joins Persea when it gets an invitation from an existing node in the system. The inviting node assigns a node ID to the joining node and gives it a chunk of node IDs for further distribution. For each chunk of ID space, the attacker needs to socially engineer a connection to another node already in the system. This hierarchical distribution of node IDs confines a large attacker botnet to a considerably smaller region of the ID space than in a normal P2P system. Persea uses a replication mechanism in which each (key,value) pair is stored in nodes that are evenly spaced over the network. Thus, even if a given region is occupied by attackers, the desired (key,value) pair can be retrieved from other regions. We compare our results with Kad, Whanau, and X-Vine and show that Persea is a better solution against Sybil attacks.
Mark S. Hoddle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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population genetics of oligonychus Perseae acari tetranychidae collected from avocados in mexico and california
Florida Entomologist, 2017Co-Authors: Jesus R Lara, Paul F Rugmanjones, Richard Stouthamer, Mark S. HoddleAbstract:Abstract Oligonychus Perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an economically important foliar pest of avocados from Mexico. Invasive O. Perseae populations became established throughout the commercial avocado system in California (USA) during the early 1990s, but the putative geographic origin(s) of the California O. Perseae populations has not been investigated. To address this shortcoming, a series of population genetic analyses for O. Perseae populations representative of a broad geographic sample range was conducted. This study identified a single mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) haplotype match between O. Perseae populations collected in California with those from 4 municipalities in Michoacan, Mexico, part of the presumptive native range of this pest. Interestingly, this haplotype also was collected from avocados at 2 locations in Baja California, Mexico, and it was identified from a representative sample from Israel where O. Perseae is an invasive avocado pest. Molecular data confirm the likely Mexican origin of invasive O. Perseae populations in California, and may help delimit the geographic area to be searched for coevolved natural enemies of O. Perseae that could be introduced into California as part of a future classical biological control program targeting this pest. Moreover, molecular results uncovered significant and concordant genetic divergence in both mitochondrial ( COI ) and ribosomal DNA markers, i.e.,internal transcribed spacer 2 ( ITS2 ) and a section of the 28S gene region, pointing to the potential occurrence of a cryptic species complex within O. Perseae . The implications of these findings on future taxonomic and molecular work for O. Perseae are discussed. Resumen Oligonychus Perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae) es una plaga foliar proveniente de Mexico con suma importancia economica para el cultivo de aguacate. Poblaciones invasoras de O. Perseae se establecieron en el sistema de produccion comercial de aguacate en California (E.U.A.) a principios de la decada de 1990. Sin embargo, el supuesto origen geografico de las poblaciones de O. Perseae en California no ha sido investigado. Para abordar esta limitacion, se realizo una serie de analisis geneticos utilizando poblaciones de O. Perseae que representan un amplio rango geografico de muestras. En el presente estudio se encontro que las poblaciones de O. Perseae en California comparten el mismo haplotipo singular con 4 municipios en el estado de Michoacan, Mexico, parte del presunto rango nativo de esta plaga. A la vez, este haplotipo tambien se asocio con 2 sitios localizados en el estado de Baja California, Mexico, y tambien fue identificado de una muestra de Israel, en donde O. Perseae es una plaga invasora que ataca al cultivo de aguacate. Resultados de los analices moleculares confirmaron el probable origen Mexicano de las poblaciones invasoras de O. Perseae en California. Esta informacion ayuda a reducir la zona geografica de busqueda en Mexico para encontrar enemigos naturales que coevolucionaron con O. Perseae con el fin de desarrollar un programa de control biologico clasico para esta plaga en el sistema de aguacate en California. Mas aun, los analices moleculares revelaron divergencia genetica significante y concordante en el ADN mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa subunidad I ( COI ) y ribosomal, espacio interno transcrito 2 ( ITS2) y parte de la region del gene 28S . Esto senala la posible ocurrencia de un complejo criptico de especies dentro de O. Perseae . Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos con respecto a futuro trabajo taxonomico y molecular para O. Perseae son abarcadas. View this article in BioOne Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
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The Scirtothrips Perseae species-group (Thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, Persea americana
Zootaxa, 2016Co-Authors: Laurence A. Mound, Mark S. HoddleAbstract:Following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia from the young leaves of avocado, Persea americana. Scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the Californian pest, S. Perseae, and also to S. astrictus from Costa Rica that remains known from a single female. An illustrated key to these three species is provided.
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past present and future biological control of spider mites on california grown avocados
2015Co-Authors: Jesus R Lara, Mark S. HoddleAbstract:Oligonychus Perseae Tuttle, Baker and Abatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a foliar pest of avocado, Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae), and both species are native to Mexico. Damaging O. Perseae populations can occur in areas of the world where the Hass cultivar is grown commercially, including California (USA), Costa Rica, Spain and Israel. In California, the efficacy of biological control agents, including well studied predators such as Euseius hibisci (Chant) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), for management of O. Perseae populations in commercial orchards, is limited. This situation differs from the successful biological control of introduced heterospecifc tetranychids on California avocados during previous decades. Using California avocados as a model system, potential key factors responsible for the limitations of O. Perseae biological control are discussed. One key factor that accounts for the prevalence of O. Perseae infestations in California is the increasing distribution of avocado cultivars that are highly susceptible to O. Perseae. Other attributes contributing to cultivar susceptibility could potentially include the limited searching ability of predators for O. Perseae. Additionally, some life history traits of phytoseiids that have been used to target O. Perseae populations likely restrict their utility as effective biological control agents of this pest. Future research directions for improving O. Perseae biological control strategies are discussed. Among these is the prospect of using members of the family Stigmaeidae that occur naturally on avocado but whose potential as biological control agents has not been well studied.
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phenology life tables and reproductive biology of tetraleurodes Perseae hemiptera aleyrodidae on california avocados
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2006Co-Authors: Mark S. HoddleAbstract:Tetraleurodes Perseae Nakahara (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an exotic whitefly in California that is a minor pest of avocados, Persea americana Miller (Lauraceae). Field monitoring over a 4.5-yr period (1997–2002) in a commercial avocado orchard in southern California indicated that T. Perseae is probably univoltine, and adult densities show single distinct peaks each year around August. The only hymenopteran parasitoid found attacking T. Perseae in California was an aphelinid, Cales noacki Howard, and parasitism over February–April each year ranged from 30 to 100%. Partial life tables constructed from cohorts of T. Perseae in the field indicated that survivorship from settled first and second instars to emerged adult whiteflies ranged from 34 to 37%. There were no significant differences in marginal mortality rates by life stage for whitefly cohorts enclosed in sealed mesh bags, open mesh bags, or on unenclosed avocado leaves. Survivorship curves constructed from field phenology data indicated that average egg-to-adult survivorship was around 3.5%, which is substantially lower than that suggested from the life table analyses. Laboratory studies conducted at 25°C on excised avocado leaves indicated that ≈43–46 d is needed by T. Perseae to complete development from egg to adult. Demographic analyses of laboratory data indicate that T. Perseae has a high reproductive potential with net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase estimates being 21.15 ± 1.39 and 0.07 ± 0.001, respectively.
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foreign exploration for scirtothrips Perseae nakahara thysanoptera thripidae and associated natural enemies on avocado Persea americana miller
Biological Control, 2002Co-Authors: Mark S. Hoddle, Sueo Nakahara, Phil A. PhillipsAbstract:Scirtothrips Perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California,USA,in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. Perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados,while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest,a ‘‘classical’’ biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. Perseae,to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico,Guatemala,Costa Rica,the Dominican Republic, Trinidad,and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. Perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. Perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic,Trinidad,or Brazil. In total,2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material � 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips,and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques,prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a ‘‘classical’’ biological control program in California against S. Perseae are not promising. 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Sánchez Pale, Jesús Ricardo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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COMPORTAMIENTO ESPACIAL DE TRIPS (INSECTA: THYSANOPTERA), EN PLANTACIONES COMERCIALES DE AGUACATE (Persea AMERICANA MILL.) EN ZITÁCUARO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO
'Instituto de Ecologia A.C.', 2013Co-Authors: Ramírez Dávila, José Francisco, Solares Alonso, Víctor Manuel, Figueroa Figueroa, Dulce Karen, Sánchez Pale, Jesús RicardoAbstract:Mexico is the largest producer and exporter of avocados in the world. Thrips are considered a major pest of avocados in Mexico, because of their association with the disease called fruitscab, caused by the fungus (Elsinoe Perseae). This disease represents a serious constraint to crop production; the fungus penetrates the fruit through injuries caused by a complex of several species of thrips. The analysis of the spatial behavior of this pest should provide information that will help establish appropriate management strategies, directed in avocado orchards. This work aimed to determine the spatial distribution of populations of thrips in avocado (Persea americana Mill) Cv. Hass. using spatial statistical (Geostatistics and SADIE) that would lead in the case of Geostatisticsto generate maps by kriging. The short term spatial and temporal stability of thrips populations was established.The results showed that thrips populations have an aggregate distribution, adjusting to Spherical and Gaussian type models. Such behavior was corroborated by SADIE indices and the density maps produced. The results demonstrate that there is an infestation of 100% in the study plots, which is of great interest to direct control measures on specific areas of infestation and thereby achieve economic and environmental savings.México es el principal productor y exportador de aguacate en el mundo. Los trips son considerados como una de las principales plagas del aguacate en México, debido a su asociación con la enfermedad denominada roña del fruto, causada por el hongo Elsinoe Perseae. Esta enfermedad representa una fuerte limitante a la producción del cultivo; el hongo penetra la fruta por las heridas causadas por el complejo de varias especies de trips. El análisis del comportamiento espacial de esta plaga proporcionara información que contribuirá a establecer estrategias de manejoadecuadas y dirigidas dentro de las huertas de aguacate. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar la distribución espacial de las poblaciones de trips en aguacate(Persea americana Mill) Cv. Hass. mediante el uso de técnicas de estadística espacial (Geoestadística y SADIE) que condujeran en el caso de la Geoestadística a la generación de mapas por medio del krigeado. Se logró determinar además, la estabilidad espacial y temporal a corto plazo de las poblaciones de trips. Los resultados demostraron que las poblaciones de trips presentan una distribución de tipo agregada, ajustándose a los modelos de tipo Esférico y Gaussiano. Dicho comportamiento fue corroborado por los índices de SADIE y los mapas de densidad elaborados. Los resultados demuestran que no existe una infestación del 100% en las parcelas de estudio, lo cual resulta de gran interés para dirigir las medidas de control sobre áreas específicas de infestación y conseguir con ello posibles ahorros económicos y medioambientales
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Comportamiento espacial de trips (insecta: thysanoptera), en plantaciones comerciales de aguacate (Persea americana mill.) En Zitácuaro, Michoacán, México
Instituto de Ecología A.C., 2013Co-Authors: Ramírez Dávila, José Francisco, Solares Alonso, Víctor Manuel, Sánchez Pale, Jesús Ricardo, Figueroa Figueroa, Dulce KareniAbstract:México es el principal productor y exportador de aguacate en el mundo. Los trips son considerados como una de las principales plagas del aguacate en México, debido a su asociación con la enfermedad denominada roña del fruto, causada por el hongo Elsinoe Perseae. Esta enfermedad representa una fuerte limitante a la producción del cultivo; el hongo penetra la fruta por las heridas causadas por el complejo de varias especies de trips. El análisis del comportamiento espacial de esta plaga proporcionara información que contribuirá a establecer estrategias de manejoadecuadas y dirigidas dentro de las huertas de aguacate. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar la distribución espacial de las poblaciones de trips en aguacate(Persea americana Mill) Cv. Hass. mediante el uso de técnicas de estadística espacial (Geoestadística y SADIE) que condujeran en el caso de la Geoestadística a la generación de mapas por medio del krigeado. Se logró determinar además, la estabilidad espacial y temporal a corto plazo de las poblaciones de trips. Los resultados demostraron que las poblaciones de trips presentan una distribución de tipo agregada, ajustándose a los modelos de tipo Esférico y Gaussiano. Dicho comportamiento fue corroborado por los índices de SADIE y los mapas de densidad elaborados. Los resultados demuestran que no existe una infestación del 100% en las parcelas de estudio, lo cual resulta de gran interés para dirigir las medidas de control sobre áreas específicas de infestación y conseguir con ello posibles ahorros económicos y medioambientales
Bruce Schaffer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sap flow, xylem anatomy and photosynthetic variables of three Persea species in response to laurel wilt.
Tree physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Raiza Castillo-argaez, Aime Vazquez, J. L. Konkol, Ana I. Vargas, Randy C. Ploetz, Edgardo Etxeberria, Bruce SchafferAbstract:Laurel wilt, a lethal vascular wilt disease caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, affects several tree species in the Lauraceae, including three Persea species. The susceptibility to laurel wilt of two forest tree species native to the southern United States, Persea borbonia and Persea palustris, and avocado, Persea americana cv Waldin, was examined and related to tree physiology and xylem anatomy. Net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), xylem sap flow, theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and xylem vessel anatomy were assessed in trees of each species that were inoculated with R. lauricola and in control trees. Laurel wilt caused a reduction in A, gs, LCI, Fv/Fm, and blockage of xylem vessels by tyloses formation that negatively impacted Kh, and sap flow in all Persea species. However, disease susceptibility as indicated by canopy wilting and sapwood discoloration was less pronounced in P. americana cv Waldin than in the two forest species. Xylem vessel diameter was significantly smaller in P. borbonia and P. palustris than in P. americana cv Waldin. Differences in laurel wilt susceptibility among species appears to be influenced by physiological and anatomical tree responses.
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Pruning after flooding hastens recovery of flood-stressed avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees
Scientia Horticulturae, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Angelica Sanclemente, Ana I. Vargas, Bruce Schaffer, Pilar M. Gil, Frederick S. DaviesAbstract:Two experiments (Expts.1 and 2) were conducted at different times with avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv.Choquette)treesincontainerstotesttheeffectsofleafpruningimmediatelyafterremovingtreesfrom short-termfloodingontreerecovery.Treesineachexperimentweredividedintotwofloodingtreatments: