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Morris Goodman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates).
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Juan C. Opazo, Derek E. Wildman, Tom Prychitko, Robert M. Johnson, Morris GoodmanAbstract:Orthologous sequences of six nuclear genes were obtained for all recognized genera of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini) and outgroups to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. All methods resolved with 100% branch support genus-level relationships, except for the grouping of Aotus as a sister taxa of Cebus and Saimiri, which was supported by low bootstrap percentages and posterior probability. All approaches depict three monophyletic New World monkey families: Atelidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae; also within each family, all approaches depict the same branching topology. However, the approaches differ in depicting the relationships of the three families to one another. Maximum parsimony depicts the Atelidae and Cebidae as sister families next joined by the Pitheciidae. Conversely, likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees group families Atelidae and Pitheciidae together to the exclusion of Cebidae. Divergence time estimations using both local molecular clock and Bayesian approaches suggest the families diverged from one another over a short period of geological time in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.
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The Place of Callimico Goeldii in the Callitrichine Phylogenetic Tree: Evidence from von Willebrand Factor Gene Intron II Sequences
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Renata Chaves, Scott L. Page, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:Sequences of a 0.9-kb DNA segment spanning intron 11 of the von Willebrand Factor gene (vWF) were determined for 21 individuals of 19 primate species. The results of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these vWF sequences are congruent with previous molecular findings from other nonlinked nuclear genomic loci which divide the platyrrhine superfamily Ceboidea into three monophyletic families: Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pitheciidae. The vWF results strongly support the taxon Callitrichinae as a monophyletic subfamily within Cebidae. The four extant callitrichine genera constitute tribe Callitrichini, and the basal branchings within this tribe first separate out Saguinus (tamarins), next Leontopithecus (lion tamarins), and last the sister genera Callimico (Goeldi's monkeys) and Callithrix (marmosets). Callithrix divides into three subclades, with pygmy marmosets (C. pygmaea) as sister of the C. argentata species group and with the C. jacchus species group as their sister. Fossil and DNA evidence place the emergence of the callitrichine clade in the basal cebid radiation at about 20 Ma (million years ago) and the three basal branchings in the callitrichin radiation at about 13 to 11 Ma. In turn, the branchings separating the three subclades of Callithrix are placed at about 5 to 4 Ma.
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The Genomic Record of Humankind's Evolutionary Roots
American Journal of Human Genetics, 1999Co-Authors: Morris GoodmanAbstract:Taxa above the genus level that are referred to in the text are indicated here in boldface. Order Primates (63 Ma) Semiorder Strepsirhini (50 Ma) Suborder Lemuriformes (45 Ma) Infraorder Chiromyiformes Family Daubentoniidae, Daubentonia: aye-ayes Infraorder Eulemurides Superfamily Lemuroidea (28 Ma) Family Cheirogaleidae (22 Ma) Subfamily Microcebinae, Microcebus: mouse lemurs Subfamily Cheirogaleinae, Cheirogaleus: dwarf lemurs Family Indridae, Propithecus: sifakas Family Lemuridae, Eulemur: brown lemurs Suborder Loriformes Family Loridae (23 Ma) Subfamily Galagoninae, Otolemur: bush babies Subfamily Perodicticinae, Perodicticus: pottos Subfamily Lorinae, Nycticebus: slow lorises Semiorder Haplorhini (58 Ma) Suborder Tarsiiformes Family Tarsiidae, Tarsius: tarsiers Suborder Anthropoidea (40 Ma) Infraorder Platyrrhini Superfamily Ceboidea (26 Ma) Family Cebidae (22 Ma) Subfamily Cebinae (20 Ma) Tribe Cebini, Cebus: capuchin monkeys Tribe Saimiriini, Saimiri: squirrel monkeys Subfamily Aotinae, Aotus: night monkeys Subfamily Callitrichinae Tribe Callitrichini (13 Ma) Subtribe Saguinina, Saguinus: tamarins Subtribe Leontopithecina, Leontopithecus: golden lion tamarins Subtribe Callimiconina, Callimico: goeldi's monkeys Subtribe Callitrichina Callithrix (Callithrix): marmosets (jacchus group) Callithrix (Cebuella): pygmy marmosets Callithrix (Mico): marmosets (argentata group) Family Pitheciidae Subfamily Pitheciinae (19 Ma) Tribe Callicebini, Callicebus: titi monkeys Tribe Pitheciini Subtribe Pitheciina (11 Ma) Pithecia: saki monkeys Chiropotes (Chiropotes): bearded saki monkeys Chiropotes (Cacajao): uacari monkeys Family Atelidae Subfamily Atelinae (17 Ma) Tribe Alouattini, Alouatta: howler monkeys Tribe Atelini (12 Ma) Subtribe Atelina, Ateles: spider monkeys Subtribe Brachytelina (10 Ma) Lagothrix: woolly monkeys Brachyteles: woolly spider monkeys Infraorder Catarrhini Superfamily Cercopithecoidea (25 Ma) Family Cercopithecidae Subfamily Cercopithecinae (15 Ma) Tribe Colobini (10 Ma) Subtribe Colobina, Colobus: colobus monkeys Subtribe Presbytina (7 Ma) Trachypithecus: langurs Nasalis: proboscis monkeys Tribe Cercopithecini (10 Ma) Subtribe Cercopithecina (9 Ma) Cercopithecus: guenons Erythrocebus: patas monkeys Chlorocebus: green monkeys Subtribe Papionina (9 Ma) Macaca: macaques Cercocebus (Cercocebus): terrestrial mangabeys Cercocebus (Mandrillus): mandrills, drills Papio (Papio): baboons (hamadryas group) Papio (Theropithecus): gelada baboons Papio (Lophocebus): arboreal mangabeys Family Hominidae Subfamily Homininae (18 Ma) Tribe Hylobatini Subtribe Hylobatina (8 Ma) Symphalangus: siamangs Hylobates: gibbons Tribe Hominini (14 Ma) Subtribe Pongina, Pongo: orangutans Subtribe Hominina (7 Ma) Gorilla: gorillas Homo (Homo): humans Homo (Pan): chimpanzees, bonobosAdditional relevant references are included in a Supplemental Reading List, which appears, in the electronic version of this article, immediately after the References.
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Phylogeny and Evolution of Selected Primates as Determined by Sequences of the ε-Globin Locus and 5′ Flanking Regions
International Journal of Primatology, 1997Co-Authors: Calvin A. Porter, Scott L. Page, John Czelusniak, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula C. Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:We studied phylogenetic relationships of 39 primate species using sequences of the ε-globin gene. For 13 species, we also included flanking sequences 5′ of this locus. Parsimony analyses support the association of tarsiers with the anthropoids. Our analysis of New World monkeys supports the model in which the callitrichines form a clade with Aotus, Cebus, and Saimiri, with Cebus and Saimiri being sister taxa. However, analysis of the 5′ flanking sequences did not support grouping the atelines with Callicebus and the pitheciins. Our data support the classification of platyrrhines into three families, Cebidae (consisting of Cebus, Saimiri, Aotus, and the callitrichines; Atelidae—the atelines; and Pitheciidae —Callicebus and the pithiciins. The strepsirhines form well-defined lemuroid and lorisoid clades, with the cheirogaleids (dwarf and mouse lemurs) and Daubentonia (aye-aye) in the lemuroids, and the aye-aye being the most anciently derived. These results support the hypothesis that nonhuman primates of Madagascar descended from a single lineage. Local molecular clock calculations indicate that the divergence of lemuroid and lorisoid lineages, and the earliest diversification of lemuroids, occurred during the Eocene. The divergence of major lorisoid lineages was probably considerably more recent, possibly near the Miocene–Oligocene boundary. Within hominoids some estimated dates differ somewhat from those found with more extensive noncoding sequences in the β-globin cluster.
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Phylogeny and Evolution of Selected Primates as Determined by Sequences of the ε-Globin Locus and 5′ Flanking Regions
International Journal of Primatology, 1997Co-Authors: Calvin A. Porter, Scott L. Page, John Czelusniak, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:We studied phylogenetic relationships of 39 primate species using sequences of the e-globin gene. For 13 species, we also included flanking sequences 5′ of this locus. Parsimony analyses support the association of tarsiers with the anthropoids. Our analysis of New World monkeys supports the model in which the callitrichines form a clade with Aotus, Cebus, and Saimiri, with Cebus and Saimiri being sister taxa. However, analysis of the 5′ flanking sequences did not support grouping the atelines with Callicebus and the pitheciins. Our data support the classification of platyrrhines into three families, Cebidae (consisting of Cebus, Saimiri, Aotus, and the callitrichines; Atelidae—the atelines; and Pitheciidae—Callicebus and the pithiciins. The strepsirhines form well-defined lemuroid and lorisoid clades, with the cheirogaleids (dwarf and mouse lemurs) and Daubentonia (aye-aye) in the lemuroids, and the aye-aye being the most anciently derived. These results support the hypothesis that nonhuman primates of Madagascar descended from a single lineage. Local molecular clock calculations indicate that the divergence of lemuroid and lorisoid lineages, and the earliest diversification of lemuroids, occurred during the Eocene. The divergence of major lorisoid lineages was probably considerably more recent, possibly near the Miocene–Oligocene boundary. Within hominoids some estimated dates differ somewhat from those found with more extensive noncoding sequences in the β-globin cluster.
Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Medium/Long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae.
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, Jean P. Boubli, Robert J. YoungAbstract:New World primates feature a complex colour vision system. Most species have polymorphic colour vision where males have a dichromatic colour perception and females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. The adaptive value of high allelic diversity of opsins, a light sensitive protein, found in primates’ eyes remains unknown. Studies revealing the allelic diversity are important as they shed light on our understanding of the adaptive value of differences in the colouration of species and their ecologies. Here we investigate the allelic types found in Pitheciidae, an understudied New World primate family, revealing the diversity of medium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family. We found five alleles in Cacajao, six in Callicebinae (i.e. Plecturocebus, Cheracebus, and Callicebus), four in Chiropotes, and three in Pithecia, some of them reported for the first time. Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented high allelic diversity.
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medium long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Jean P. Boubli, Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, Robert J. YoungAbstract:New World primates feature a complex colour vision system. Most species have polymorphic colour vision where males have a dichromatic colour perception and females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. The adaptive value of high allelic diversity of opsins, a light sensitive protein, found in primates’ eyes remains unknown. Studies revealing the allelic diversity are important as they shed light on our understanding of the adaptive value of differences in the colouration of species and their ecologies. Here we investigate the allelic types found in Pitheciidae, an understudied New World primate family, revealing the diversity of medium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family. We found five alleles in Cacajao, six in Callicebinae (i.e. Plecturocebus, Cheracebus, and Callicebus), four in Chiropotes, and three in Pithecia, some of them reported for the first time. Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented high allelic diversity.
Iracilda Sampaio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cheracebus (Callicebinae, Pitheciidae)
American Journal of Primatology, 2020Co-Authors: Jeferson Carneiro, Iracilda Sampaio, Thaynara Lima, José De Sousa E Silva-júnior, Izeni Pires Farias, Tomas Hrbek, João Valsecchi, Jean P. Boubli, Horacio SchneiderAbstract:Cheracebus is a new genus of New World primate of the family Pitheciidae, subfamily Callicebinae. Until recently, Cheracebus was classified as the torquatus species group of the genus Callicebus. The genus Cheracebus has six species: C. lucifer, C. lugens, C. regulus, C. medemi, C. torquatus, and C. purinus, which are all endemic to the Amazon biome. Before the present study, there had been no conclusive interpretation of the phylogenetic relationships among most of the Cheracebus species. The present study tests the monophyly of the genus and investigates the relationships among the different Cheracebus species, based on DNA sequencing of 16 mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The phylogenetic analyses were based on Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference, and multispecies coalescent approaches. The divergence times and genetic distances between the Cheracebus taxa were also estimated. The analyses confirmed the monophyly of the genus and a well-supported topology, with the following arrangement: ((C. torquatus, C. lugens), (C. lucifer (C. purinus, C. regulus))). A well-differentiated clade was also identified within part of the geographic range of C. lugens, which warrants further investigation to confirm its taxonomic status.
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Phylogeny, molecular dating and zoogeographic history of the titi monkeys (Callicebus, Pitheciidae) of eastern Brazil.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Jeferson Carneiro, Iracilda Sampaio, José De Sousa E Silva-júnior, Izeni Pires Farias, Tomas Hrbek, Jean P. Boubli, Alcides Pissinatti, Ronylson J S Silva, Antonio Marcio Gomes Martins-junior, Stephen F. FerrariAbstract:The titi monkeys belong to a genus of New World primates endemic to South America, which were recently reclassified in three genera (Cheracebus, Plecturocebus and Callicebus). The genus Callicebus, which currently includes five species, is endemic to eastern Brazil, occurring in the Caatinga, Savanna, and Atlantic Forest biomes. In the present study, we investigated the validity of these species and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and biogeographic patterns based on the molecular analysis of a concatenated sequence of 11 mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, derived from 13 specimens. We ran Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses, and estimated genetic distances, divergence times. Ancestral areas were estimated on BioGeoBears. Our results suggest that at about twelve million years ago, the ancestor of all titi monkeys inhabited a wide area that extended from the Amazon forest to the South of the Atlantic forest. A first vicariant event originated Cheracebus in the West of the Amazon and the ancestor of Callicebus and Plectorocebus which, later were separated by a second one. The diversification of Callicebus occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene (beginning at 5 Ma) probably influenced by climatic fluctuations and geological events. Therefore, the results of the present work confirmed the existence of five species that currently inhabit forested areas under increasing threat from human activities. Thus, a reliable diagnosis of the taxonomic status of species living in endangered environments is extremely important for the development of conservation measures.
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Phylogeny of the titi monkeys of the Callicebus moloch group (Pitheciidae, Primates).
American Journal of Primatology, 2016Co-Authors: Jeferson Carneiro, Iracilda Sampaio, Izeni Pires Farias, Tomas Hrbek, Jean P. Boubli, José De Sousa E Silva, Alcides Pissinatti, Mariluce Rezende Messias, Fabio Rohe, Horacio SchneiderAbstract:Callicebus is a Neotropical primate genus of the family Pitheciidae, which currently comprises 34 recognized species. Based on their morphological traits and geographic distribution, these species are currently assigned to five groups: the C. moloch, C. cupreus, C. donacophilus, C. torquatus, and C. personatus groups, although in the past, alternative arrangements have been proposed based on the analysis of morphological data. The principal disagreements among these arrangements are related to the composition of the C. moloch group. In the present study, we tested the different taxonomic proposals for the C. moloch group, based on the molecular analysis of nuclear markers (Alu insertions and flanking regions) and three mitochondrial genes (16S, COI, and Cyt b), with a total of approximately 7 kb of DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods indicated that the species of the current C. cupreus group should be reintegrated into the C. moloch group. In addition, our results corroborated previous studies suggesting that the species of the current C. personatus group form a distinct species group. We also observed a relatively subtle level of divergence between C. dubius and C. caligatus. While the known diversity of Callicebus is considerable, these findings indicate that the relationships among groups and species may still not be completely understood, highlighting the need for further research into the biological, geographic, and genetic variability of these primates, which will be fundamental to the effective conservation of the genus. Am. J. Primatol. 78:904-913, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Can molecular data place each neotropical monkey in its own branch
Chromosoma, 2001Co-Authors: Horacio Schneider, Iracilda Sampaio, Flavio Canavez, Miguel Ângelo Martins Moreira, Claudia Helena Tagliaro, Héctor N. SeuánezAbstract:Four different DNA datasets, representative of all extant neotropical primate genera, were tandemly aligned, comprising some 6,763 base pairs (bp) with 2,086 variable characters and 674 informative sites. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining analyses suggested three monophyletic families (Atelidae, Pitheciidae and Cebidae) that emerged almost at the same time during primate radiation. Combined molecular data showed congruent branching inside the atelid clade, placing Alouatta as the most basal lineage followed by Ateles and a more derived branch including Brachyteles and Lagothrix as sister groups. In the Pitheciidae, Callicebus was the most basal lineage with respect to Pithecia and to the more derived sister groups (Cacajao and Chiropotes). Conjoint analysis strongly supported the monophyly of the Cebidae, grouping Aotus, Cebus and Saimiri with the small callitrichines. Within callitrichines, Cebuella merged with Callithrix, Callimico appeared as a sister group of Callithrix/Cebuella, Leontopitecus as a sister group of the previous clade, and Saguinus was the earliest callitrichine offshoot. Two major points remained to be clarified in platyrrhine phylogeny: (i) the exact branching pattern of Aotus, Cebus, Saimiri and the callitrichines, and (ii), which two of these three families (Atelidae, Pitheciidae and Cebidae) are more closely related to one another.
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The Place of Callimico Goeldii in the Callitrichine Phylogenetic Tree: Evidence from von Willebrand Factor Gene Intron II Sequences
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1999Co-Authors: Renata Chaves, Scott L. Page, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:Sequences of a 0.9-kb DNA segment spanning intron 11 of the von Willebrand Factor gene (vWF) were determined for 21 individuals of 19 primate species. The results of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these vWF sequences are congruent with previous molecular findings from other nonlinked nuclear genomic loci which divide the platyrrhine superfamily Ceboidea into three monophyletic families: Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pitheciidae. The vWF results strongly support the taxon Callitrichinae as a monophyletic subfamily within Cebidae. The four extant callitrichine genera constitute tribe Callitrichini, and the basal branchings within this tribe first separate out Saguinus (tamarins), next Leontopithecus (lion tamarins), and last the sister genera Callimico (Goeldi's monkeys) and Callithrix (marmosets). Callithrix divides into three subclades, with pygmy marmosets (C. pygmaea) as sister of the C. argentata species group and with the C. jacchus species group as their sister. Fossil and DNA evidence place the emergence of the callitrichine clade in the basal cebid radiation at about 20 Ma (million years ago) and the three basal branchings in the callitrichin radiation at about 13 to 11 Ma. In turn, the branchings separating the three subclades of Callithrix are placed at about 5 to 4 Ma.
John Czelusniak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update on the Phylogenetic Systematics of New World Monkeys: Further DNA Evidence for Placing the Pygmy Marmoset (Cebuella) within the Genus Callithrix
International Journal of Primatology, 1997Co-Authors: C. M. L. Barroso, M.l. Harada, M. P. C. Schneider, I. Sampaio, John Czelusniak, H. Schneider, M. GoodmanAbstract:We determined DNA sequences spanning the 1.8-kb long intron 1 of the interstitial retinol-binding protein nuclear gene (IRBP) for Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix humeralifer, and Callithrix argentata. With the 22 previously determined IRBP intron 1 sequences—21 from the 16 currently recognized genera of New World monkeys—the enlarged IRBP data represent for the marmoset genus Callithrix both its argentata and its jacchus species groups. Maximum-parsimony and neighbor-joining trees, constructed for the 25 aligned IRBP intron 1 sequences, support a provisional phylogenetic classification with three families: Atelidae, containing subfamily Atelinae; Pitheciidae, containing subfamily Pitheciinae; and Cebidae, containing subfamilies Cebinae, Aotinae, and Callitrichinae. In order to have taxa at the same hierarchical rank at equivalent age, this classification has all living callitrichines in a single tribe, Callitrichini, with four subtribes: Saguinina ( Saguinus ), Callimiconina ( Callimico ), Leontopithecina ( Leontopithecus ), and Callitrichina ( Callithrix with the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea, merged into it). The DNA evidence shows not only that Callithrix must include C. pygmaea to be monophyletic but also that the times of separation of pygmaea and the argentata and jacchus species groups from one another are to be expected (
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Phylogeny and Evolution of Selected Primates as Determined by Sequences of the ε-Globin Locus and 5′ Flanking Regions
International Journal of Primatology, 1997Co-Authors: Calvin A. Porter, Scott L. Page, John Czelusniak, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula C. Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:We studied phylogenetic relationships of 39 primate species using sequences of the ε-globin gene. For 13 species, we also included flanking sequences 5′ of this locus. Parsimony analyses support the association of tarsiers with the anthropoids. Our analysis of New World monkeys supports the model in which the callitrichines form a clade with Aotus, Cebus, and Saimiri, with Cebus and Saimiri being sister taxa. However, analysis of the 5′ flanking sequences did not support grouping the atelines with Callicebus and the pitheciins. Our data support the classification of platyrrhines into three families, Cebidae (consisting of Cebus, Saimiri, Aotus, and the callitrichines; Atelidae—the atelines; and Pitheciidae —Callicebus and the pithiciins. The strepsirhines form well-defined lemuroid and lorisoid clades, with the cheirogaleids (dwarf and mouse lemurs) and Daubentonia (aye-aye) in the lemuroids, and the aye-aye being the most anciently derived. These results support the hypothesis that nonhuman primates of Madagascar descended from a single lineage. Local molecular clock calculations indicate that the divergence of lemuroid and lorisoid lineages, and the earliest diversification of lemuroids, occurred during the Eocene. The divergence of major lorisoid lineages was probably considerably more recent, possibly near the Miocene–Oligocene boundary. Within hominoids some estimated dates differ somewhat from those found with more extensive noncoding sequences in the β-globin cluster.
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Phylogeny and Evolution of Selected Primates as Determined by Sequences of the ε-Globin Locus and 5′ Flanking Regions
International Journal of Primatology, 1997Co-Authors: Calvin A. Porter, Scott L. Page, John Czelusniak, Iracilda Sampaio, Horacio Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:We studied phylogenetic relationships of 39 primate species using sequences of the e-globin gene. For 13 species, we also included flanking sequences 5′ of this locus. Parsimony analyses support the association of tarsiers with the anthropoids. Our analysis of New World monkeys supports the model in which the callitrichines form a clade with Aotus, Cebus, and Saimiri, with Cebus and Saimiri being sister taxa. However, analysis of the 5′ flanking sequences did not support grouping the atelines with Callicebus and the pitheciins. Our data support the classification of platyrrhines into three families, Cebidae (consisting of Cebus, Saimiri, Aotus, and the callitrichines; Atelidae—the atelines; and Pitheciidae—Callicebus and the pithiciins. The strepsirhines form well-defined lemuroid and lorisoid clades, with the cheirogaleids (dwarf and mouse lemurs) and Daubentonia (aye-aye) in the lemuroids, and the aye-aye being the most anciently derived. These results support the hypothesis that nonhuman primates of Madagascar descended from a single lineage. Local molecular clock calculations indicate that the divergence of lemuroid and lorisoid lineages, and the earliest diversification of lemuroids, occurred during the Eocene. The divergence of major lorisoid lineages was probably considerably more recent, possibly near the Miocene–Oligocene boundary. Within hominoids some estimated dates differ somewhat from those found with more extensive noncoding sequences in the β-globin cluster.
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Molecular phylogeny of the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, primates) based on two unlinked nuclear genes: IRBP intron 1 and epsilon-globin sequences.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1996Co-Authors: Harald Schneider, M.l. Harada, C. M. L. Barroso, John Czelusniak, Iracilda Sampaio, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:Nuclear sequences of the 1.8 kilobase (kb) long intron 1 of the interstitial retinol-binding protein gene (IRBP), previously determined for 11 of the 16 extant genera of New World monkeys (superfamily Ceboidea, infraorder Platyrrhini), have now been determined for the remaining 5 genera. The maximum parsimony trees found, first with IRBP sequences alone and then with tandemly combined IRBP and ϵ-globin gene sequences from the same species, supported a provisional cladistic classification with the following clusters. Subtribes Callitrichina (Callithrix, Cebuella), Callimiconina (Callimico), Leontopithecina (Leontopithecus) and Saguina (Saguinus) constitute subfamily Callitrichinae, and subfamilies Callitrichinae, Aotinae (Aotus), and Cebinae (Cebus, Saimiri) constitute family Cebidae. Subtribes Chiropotina (Chiropotes, Cacajao) and Pitheciina (Pithecia) constitute tribe Pitheciini; and tribes Pitheciini and Callicebini (Callicebus) constitute subfamily Pitheciinae. Subtribes Brachytelina (Brachyteles, Lagothrix) and Atelina (Ateles) constitute tribe Atelini, and tribes Atelini and Alouattini (Alouatta) constitute subfamily Atelinae. The parsimony results were equivocal as to whether Pitheciinae should be grouped with Atelinae in family Atelidae or have its own family Pitheciidae. The cladistic groupings of extant ceboids were also examined by different stochastic evolutionary models that employed the same stochastic process of nucleotide substitutions but alternative putative phylogenetic trees on which the nucleotide substitutions occurred. Each model, i.e., each different tree, predicted a different multinomial distribution of nucleotide character patterns for the contemporary sequences. The predicted distributions that were closest to the actual observed distributions identified the best fitting trees. The cladistic relationships depicted in these best fitting trees agreed in almost all cases with those depicted in the maximum parsimony trees. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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DNA Evidence on the Phylogenetic Systematics of New World Monkeys: Support for the Sister-Grouping of Cebus and Saimiri from Two Unlinked Nuclear Genes
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1995Co-Authors: M.l. Harada, John Czelusniak, Harald Schneider, Iracilda Sampaio, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Morris GoodmanAbstract:Abstract Previous inferences from ϵ-globin gene sequences on cladistic relationships among the 16 extant genera of Ceboidea (the New World monkeys) were tested by strength of grouping and bootstrap values for the clades in the most parsimonious trees found: for this epsilon data set enlarged with additional Cebus and Saimiri orthologues; for another nuclear DNA sequence data set consisting of IRBP (interstitial retinol-binding protein gene) intron 1 orthologues; and for tandemly combined epsilon and IRBP sequences. Different ceboid species of the same genus always grouped strongly together as demonstrated by results on Cebus (capuchin monkeys), Saimiri (squirrel monkeys), Callicebus (titi monkeys), Aotus (night monkeys), Ateles (spider monkeys), and Alouatta (howler monkeys). Other strong groupings that could be represented as monophyletic taxa in a cladistic classification were: Cebuella (pygmy marmoset) and Callithrix (marmoset) into subtribe Callitrichina; Callitrichina, Callimico (Goeldi′s monkey), Leontopithecus (lion tamarin), and Saguinus (tamarin) into subfamily Callitrichinae; Callitrichinae, Aotus , Cebus , and Saimiri into family Cebidae; Cacajao (uakari monkey) and Chiropotes (saki) into subtribe Chiropotina; Chiropotina and Pithecia (bearded saki) into tribe Pitheciini; Pitheciini and Callicebus into subfamily Pitheciinae; Brachyteles (woolly spider monkey), Lagothrix (woolly monkey), and Ateles into tribe Atelini; and Atelini and Alouatta into subfamily Atelinae. In addition the ϵ and IRBP results congruently grouped (but at lesser strengths) Brachyteles and Lagothrix into subtribe Brachytelina within Atelini, and also Cebus and Saimiri into subfamily Cebinae within Cebidae. Because the IRBP results weakly grouped Pitheciinae with Cebidae, whereas the epsilon results weakly grouped Pitheciinae with Atelinae, the present evidence is best represented in an interim cladistic classification of ceboids by dividing the superfamily Ceboidea into three families: Atelidae, Pitheciidae, and Cebidae.
Robert J. Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Medium/Long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae.
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, Jean P. Boubli, Robert J. YoungAbstract:New World primates feature a complex colour vision system. Most species have polymorphic colour vision where males have a dichromatic colour perception and females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. The adaptive value of high allelic diversity of opsins, a light sensitive protein, found in primates’ eyes remains unknown. Studies revealing the allelic diversity are important as they shed light on our understanding of the adaptive value of differences in the colouration of species and their ecologies. Here we investigate the allelic types found in Pitheciidae, an understudied New World primate family, revealing the diversity of medium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family. We found five alleles in Cacajao, six in Callicebinae (i.e. Plecturocebus, Cheracebus, and Callicebus), four in Chiropotes, and three in Pithecia, some of them reported for the first time. Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented high allelic diversity.
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medium long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Jean P. Boubli, Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, Robert J. YoungAbstract:New World primates feature a complex colour vision system. Most species have polymorphic colour vision where males have a dichromatic colour perception and females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. The adaptive value of high allelic diversity of opsins, a light sensitive protein, found in primates’ eyes remains unknown. Studies revealing the allelic diversity are important as they shed light on our understanding of the adaptive value of differences in the colouration of species and their ecologies. Here we investigate the allelic types found in Pitheciidae, an understudied New World primate family, revealing the diversity of medium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family. We found five alleles in Cacajao, six in Callicebinae (i.e. Plecturocebus, Cheracebus, and Callicebus), four in Chiropotes, and three in Pithecia, some of them reported for the first time. Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented high allelic diversity.