The Experts below are selected from a list of 660180 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Markus Ganzera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent advances on hplc ms in medicinal Plant Analysis an update covering 2011 2016
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2018Co-Authors: Markus Ganzera, Sonja SturmAbstract:Abstract The separation, identification and quantification of constituents in complex Plant extracts always has been, and most likely will be, a challenging task. Nevertheless, today a multiplicity of different separation techniques, specific stationary phases and detectors are available, helping to achieve the desired selectivity, sensitivity and speed for nearly any separation problem. The most prominent and popular technique in this area of research is definitely the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. More than 40 years after its beginning LC–MS can be considered a well-established routine technique, however there is a steady advancement in terms of instrumentation (ultra-high-performance LC, ion mobility MS, etc.), the hyphenation of different techniques (supercritical fluid chromatography − mass spectrometry, two-dimensional techniques, etc.), or the type of analyzed compounds (novel applications). The here presented review aims to consider all of these aspects, focusing on natural products/medicinal Plants related LC–MS papers published within the years 2011–2016. It gives a short overview of recent technical trends as well summarizes the most relevant applications ordered by the type of natural products assessed (e.g. acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes). The respective reports are also differentiated according to the studies purpose (Analysis of Plant material or pharmacological investigation) and a special chapter is devoted to Traditional Chinese Medicine. For selected reports relevant methodological details are provided and limitations or advantages discussed, so that the current status of LC–MS for natural products Analysis is reflected comprehensively.
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recent advances on hplc ms in medicinal Plant Analysis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2011Co-Authors: Dirk Steinmann, Markus GanzeraAbstract:With gaining popularity of herbal remedies worldwide, the need of assuring safety and efficacy of these products increases as well. By nature they are complex matrices, comprising a multitude of compounds, which are prone to variation due to environmental factors and manufacturing conditions. Furthermore, many traditional preparations compose of multiple herbs, so that only highly selective, sensitive and versatile analytical techniques will be suitable for quality control purposes. By hyphenating high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) these high demands are fulfilled, providing the user with a multitude of technical options and applications. This review intends to reflect the impact of LC-MS for medicinal Plant Analysis focusing on most relevant reports published within the last five years. Commenced by introductory remarks to the different MS approaches most commonly used (e.g. ion trap and time of flight mass analyzers, fragmentation and ionization modes), respective LC-MS applications on the Analysis of natural products in medicinal Plants, commercial products and biological samples are presented. Methodological aspects like stationary and mobile phase selection or MS settings are discussed, and advantages or limitations of the described techniques are highlighted.
Martin Junginger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the feasibility of short term production strategies for renewable jet fuels a comprehensive techno economic comparison
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2015Co-Authors: Sierk De Jong, Ric Hoefnagels, Andre Faaij, Raphael Slade, Rebecca Mawhood, Martin JungingerAbstract:This study compares the short-term economic feasibility of six conversion pathways for renewable jet fuel (RJF) production. The assessment combines (i) a harmonized techno-economic Analysis of conversion pathways expected to be certified for use in commercial aviation by 2020, (ii) a pioneer Plant Analysis taking into account technological immaturity, and (iii) a quantified assessment of the merits of co-producing RJF alongside existing European supply chains in the pulp, wheat ethanol, and beet sugar industries. None of the pathways assessed are able to reach price parity with petroleum-derived jet fuel in the short term. The pioneer Plant Analysis suggests that the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) pathway is currently the best option; the technology achieves the lowest minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of 29.3 € GJ–1 (1289 € t–1) and the technology is deployed on commercial scale already. In the short term, nth Plant Analysis shows hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis emerging as promising alternatives, yielding MFSPs of 21.4 € GJ–1 (939 € t–1) and 30.2 € GJ–1 (1326 € t–1), respectively. The pioneer Plant Analysis shows considerable MFSP increases for producing drop-in fuels using HTL and pyrolysis as both technologies are relatively immature. Hence, further RD&D efforts into these pathways are recommended. Co-production strategies decrease the MFSP by 4–8% compared to greenfield production. Integration of process units and material and energy flows is expected to lead to further cost reductions. As such, co-production can be a particularly useful strategy to progress emerging technologies to commercial scale.
Robert C. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic Analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Mark M Wright, Justinus A Satrio, Daren E Daugaard, Robert C. BrownAbstract:Abstract This techno-economic study examines fast pyrolysis of corn stover to bio-oil with subsequent upgrading of the bio-oil to naphtha and diesel range fuels. Two 2000 dry tonne per day scenarios are developed: the first scenario separates a fraction of the bio-oil to generate hydrogen on-site for fuel upgrading, while the second scenario relies on merchant hydrogen. The modeling effort resulted in liquid fuel production rates of 134 and 220 million liters per year for the hydrogen production and purchase scenarios, respectively. Capital costs for these Plants are $287 and $200 million. Fuel product value estimates are $3.09 and $2.11 per gallon of gasoline equivalent ($0.82 and $0.56 per liter). While calculated costs of this biofuel are competitive with other kinds of alternative fuels, further research is required to better determine the effect of feedstock properties and process conditions on the ultimate yield of liquid fuel from bio-oil. Pioneer Plant Analysis estimates capital costs to be $911 and $585 million for construction of a first-of-a-kind fast pyrolysis and upgrading biorefinery with product values of $6.55 and $3.41 per gge ($1.73 and $0.90 per liter).
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techno economic comparison of biomass to transportation fuels via pyrolysis gasification and biochemical pathways
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Robert P Anex, Justinus A Satrio, Daren E Daugaard, Mark M Wright, Robert C. Brown, Andy Aden, Feroz Kabir Kazi, Joshua Fortman, Ryan Michael Swanson, Alex PlatonAbstract:Abstract This Analysis compares capital and operating cost for six near-term biomass-to-liquid fuels technology scenarios representing three conversion platforms: pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical. These analyses employed similar assumptions to allow comparisons among the results. Most prominently, the feedstock is assumed to be corn stover and Plant capacity was 2000 tonne/day for each Plant. There are large differences in the total capital investments required among the three platforms. The stand-alone biomass-to-liquid fuel Plants are expected to produce fuels with a product value in the range of $2.00–5.50 per gallon ($0.53–1.45 per liter) gasoline equivalent, with pyrolysis the lowest and biochemical the highest. These relatively high product values are driven primarily by an assumed feedstock cost of $75 per dry ton and the cost of capital for the Plants. Pioneer Plant Analysis, which takes into account increased capital costs and decreased Plant performance associated with first-of-a-kind Plants, increases estimated product values to $2.00–12.00 per gallon ($0.53–3.17 per liter) gasoline equivalent.
Sierk De Jong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the feasibility of short term production strategies for renewable jet fuels a comprehensive techno economic comparison
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2015Co-Authors: Sierk De Jong, Ric Hoefnagels, Andre Faaij, Raphael Slade, Rebecca Mawhood, Martin JungingerAbstract:This study compares the short-term economic feasibility of six conversion pathways for renewable jet fuel (RJF) production. The assessment combines (i) a harmonized techno-economic Analysis of conversion pathways expected to be certified for use in commercial aviation by 2020, (ii) a pioneer Plant Analysis taking into account technological immaturity, and (iii) a quantified assessment of the merits of co-producing RJF alongside existing European supply chains in the pulp, wheat ethanol, and beet sugar industries. None of the pathways assessed are able to reach price parity with petroleum-derived jet fuel in the short term. The pioneer Plant Analysis suggests that the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) pathway is currently the best option; the technology achieves the lowest minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of 29.3 € GJ–1 (1289 € t–1) and the technology is deployed on commercial scale already. In the short term, nth Plant Analysis shows hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis emerging as promising alternatives, yielding MFSPs of 21.4 € GJ–1 (939 € t–1) and 30.2 € GJ–1 (1326 € t–1), respectively. The pioneer Plant Analysis shows considerable MFSP increases for producing drop-in fuels using HTL and pyrolysis as both technologies are relatively immature. Hence, further RD&D efforts into these pathways are recommended. Co-production strategies decrease the MFSP by 4–8% compared to greenfield production. Integration of process units and material and energy flows is expected to lead to further cost reductions. As such, co-production can be a particularly useful strategy to progress emerging technologies to commercial scale.
Reiner Dohrmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cation exchange capacity methodology i an efficient model for the detection of incorrect cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cation results
Applied Clay Science, 2006Co-Authors: Reiner DohrmannAbstract:Abstract In this study a model is proposed enabling the detection of incorrect cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cation values. Numerous CEC and exchangeable cation analyses of clayey sediments, soils and bentonites were performed using triethanolamine-buffered barium chloride, ammonium acetate, silver thiourea and other exchange techniques. As long as these naturally clayey materials only contain adsorbents like clay minerals, organic substances and a group of mainly detrital minerals like quartz, feldspar and mica, results obtained with most procedures are correct. Problems arise when materials contain secondary phases like soluble Ca-carbonates and -sulphates. During the CEC-experiments, these phases interact with the exchange solution. According to expectations, results of exchangeable calcium values are incorrect but CEC is also affected [Deller, B., 1981. Determination of exchangeable acidity, carbonate ions and change of buffer in triethanolamine-buffered solutions percolated through soil samples containing carbonates. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Analysis 12, 161–177.]. Using the proposed Carbonate and Sulphate Field Model (CSF model) an evaluation of the accuracy of results is possible.